The degree of dissociation of electrolytes buthathaka kwaye womelele

Igama elithi "dissociation" kwi Chemistry kunye ezinto of Ukubola inkqubo imichiza zibe ion kunye radicals. Dissociation - kuba isenzeko malunga yombutho okanye recombination, yaye ingathityazwa. ukulinganisa ubungakanani dissociation lwenziwa yi ixabiso efana iqondo dissociation. Kuye ileta leligama α kwaye kuluphawu ngumbala dissociation ngendlela efanayo (yohlobo olunye) neenkqubo ngokungqinelana equation: CA ↔ R + Imo kuvuselele. SC - a isuntswana umbandela ukuqala, K kunye A - nto amasuntswana entle waqhekeza ngenxa dissociation izinto ezinkulu kwamaqondo eparticulate. Ukusuka apho kulandela ukuba le nkqubo iza inqanyulwe kwaye undissociated amasuntswana. Xa sicingela ukuba molekyuli n yaphela kwaye Zidilikile N molekyuli, le milinganiselo ingasetyenziswa kakhulu ukubala dissociation, nto leyo zibalwe ngepesenti: α = n • 100 / N okanye iyunithi amaqhezu: α = n / N.

Oko kukuthi, ukuba iqondo dissociation lulwahlulo amasuntswana inqanyulwe (iimolekyuli) inkqubo yohlobo olunye (isisombululo) isixa-mali sokuqala amasuntswana (molecule) kwinkqubo (isisombululo). Ukuba kwakusazeka ukuba α = 5%, oku kuthetha ukuba kuphela 5 out of 100 molecule iimolekyuli zokuqala ezi ngokohlobo ion, kunye eseleyo 95 molekyuli musa ukubola. Kuba α nganye into oyedwa, njengoko kuxhomekeke kwi umchiza uhlobo kwemolekyuli, kwaye kananjalo phezu lobushushu kunye nemali kwezinto kwinkqubo yohlobo olunye (isisombululo), ngamanye amazwi xa eyavela. electrolytes Strong, eziquka asidi ezithile, iziseko kunye neetyuwa kwi isisombululo kwahlula ngokupheleleyo abe ion, ngenxa yesi sizathu ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe ukufunda inkqubo dissociation. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ukufundwa electrolytes ababuthathaka isicelo, ezo molekyuli kwahlula zibe ion kwi isisombululo azikho ngokupheleleyo.

Basabele ingathityazwa dissociation dissociation rhoqo (KD), nto leyo olwahlula imeko lizama, umiselwa yi ifomula: KD = [K] [A] / [CA]. Njani iqondo rhoqo dissociation kwaye ezihambelanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba siqwalasele umzekelo electrolyte buthathaka. Ngokusekelwe umthetho ukuxutywa wakha zonke ingqiqo: KD = c • α2, apho c - ingqalelo yesisombululo (kulo mzekelo i = [SC]). Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umthamo isisombululo V-1 Mol dm3 lichithakale kweziyobisi. Xa isimo sokuqala uyondelelwano lwee- loqalo iimolekyuli eziphathekayo abonise: c = [SC] = 1 / V Mol / dm3, nengqwalaselo ion iya kuba: [R] = [A] = 0 / V Mol / dm3. Phezu lizama ukufikelela imilinganiselo zabo zitshintshiwe: [KA] = (1 - α) / V Mol / dm3 kwaye [R] = [A] = α / V Mol / dm3, kanti KD = (α / V • α / V) / (1 - α) / V = α2 / (1 - α) • V. Ityala electrolytes encinane dissociating, isidanga dissociation (α) ekufuphi ukuya zero, kwaye umthamo yesisombululo lungabonakaliswa ngokwemiqathango ukuzikisa ingqondo eyaziwa: V = 1 / [SV] = 1 / s. Ngoko ke equation kungenziwa siguqulwe: KD = α2 / (1 - α) • V = α2 / (1 - 0) • (1 / s) = α2 • s, ukhipha ingcambu ka'B iqhezu KD / s, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala izinga dissociation of α. Lo mthetho sisebenza ukuba α ogonyo mncinci kuno-1.

Kuba electrolytes strong ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi elide liqondo ebonakala dissociation. Kufunyaniswe njengoko umlinganiselo okubonakala isixa isuntswana inqanyulwe a real okanye inkcazelo olungumgubo lomlingani isotonic (ekuthiwa van't Hoff into, kwaye kubonisa indlela ayinyaniso into kwi isisombululo): α = (i - 1) / (n - 1). Apha i - Van't Hoff factor, kwaye n - mali ion zaveliswa. Kuba izisombululo, ezo molekyuli Zidilikile ngokupheleleyo abe ion, α ≈ 1, kunye nokuncipha lamanani α ngokwandileyo welusa 1. Konke oku kuchazwe yi kwithiyori electrolytes ngamandla, nto leyo sithi intshukumo ye ukuse- kunye anions baphazamise molekyuli enamandla electrolyte kunzima ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Okokuqala, ion singqongwe molecule isinyibilikisi polar, lo ngowona intsebenziswano electrostatic kuthiwa solvation. Okwesibini, oppositely wamwisela ukuse- kunye anions kwi isicombululo, ngenxa yesenzo yomtsalane mutual uhlobo imikhosi nabo okanye izibini ion. Associates ziziphathe iimolekyuli nje undissociated.