Musculoskeletal pier lesiseko: omsebenzi osemqoka, iinzuzo

Ukuba ubuncinane kanye benza ngayo ekwakheni indlu yangasese okanye nasiphi na isakhiwo, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo zingaphi abanikazi elizayo ukuzama wandisindisa kwinqanaba yokucwangcisa kunye nokuyila iingqikelelo. Xa abantu ekulandeleni le njongo, bazama ukunciphisa iindleko manqanaba eqolo okwakhiwa. Mhlawumbi nawe phakathi kwabo, ngoko kuya kuba ulwazi luncedo kuwe ngezantsi.

Isisombululo olusebenzayo nezinengqiqo lo mba na ukusetyenziswa ezingabizi kakhulu kwaye kulula-nokuxhasa pier lesiseko, indawo eninzi ngongoma-Screw okanye melkozaglublennoe kwisiseko. Iziphumo ezakhayo kuba, ukuba ulandele technologies zokwakha kunye nemigangatho.

iimpawu eziphambili

Musculoskeletal pier esisisiseko uqala kusenokubonakala buthathaka, kodwa ibonisa ukuthembeka practice. Ukuba ukuthobela imithetho yokwakha, ukwakhiwa uya kuba ukulungele zimkhonze elide kwisakhiwo ngokwaso. Ukongezelela uqinile, kukho izinto ezininzi lokwahlula, kuquka:

• Isantya zinto zokwakha;
• ixabiso eliphantsi;
• izibonda ophehlwa minimum;
• ukusetyenziswa isekela kuyo nayiphi na imihlaba;
• ideality ye isiseko izakhiwo ngamaplanga.

Kutheni ukhethe isiseko inkxaso-pier

Musculoskeletal isiseko pier ikuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa inkxaso ngexesha elifutshane, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa iziseko monolithic. Kwimeko yokuqala, ixesha yokwakha kuncitshiswa izihlandlo eziliqela. Ukuthelekisa kwezi ziseko kunye ekhasethini, oko kuqondwe ukuba win yokuqala xa kuziwa lwamaxabiso. Emva kokuba kwakhiwe iinqaba ixabisa malunga amaxesha 2 enganeno.

Ukwakha isiseko kangangoko kuzo zonke iintlobo ngeentlobo zomhlaba, njengoko nemigxobhozo kunye namatye umnyinyiva. Ezi Imihlaba musa ukuvumela umba imigodi ufakelo isekela. Xa kufikwa apho ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zomthi, isiseko inkxaso-pier yeyona simse, kuba ulwakhiwo inika umoya kwaye uthintele umgangatho ukuha- ngamaplanga.

The main eziluncedo

Musculoskeletal isiseko pier lithandwa ngokunjalo ngenxa yokuba iye ezininzi iingenelo. amanqaku olongezelelweyo kufuneka zenziwe kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise olu hlobo isiseko izindlu ezincinane isakhelo neebhafu. Isicelo ekwakhiweni kwendlu axhasayo-columnar base kunciphisa amathuba lomhlaba ukudumba ezimbalwa elamkelekileyo, nto leyo aluchaphazeli kuyilo lwezibonelelo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kujikelezo isiseko kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba amalungiselelo idreyini phezu kuphela. Grillage kulo mzekelo iwela ngaphantsi 30cm komhlaba, kunye nendawo oyimfama ukufudumala ukuya kwi-30 cm ngokunzulu. Le meko isetyenziselwe substrates nayo nayiphi uyilo, kodwa ziimfumba zibekiwe ukwakhiwa mali ezincinane kunye nomzamo ezingephi.

izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo

Musculoskeletal pier lesiseko, iingenelo neengozi kufuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha kuphela kwimihlaba samadoda, kodwa kumhlaba isambuku, imibutho yabasebenzi iza ngoko ilahlwe ubuncinane ngexesha ukusebenza lokwakha, ngenxa ubunzima aphantsi zeentsika kuthelekiswa tape melkozaglublennogo isisekelo. Kuba izitena cottage ochazwe technology yokwakha iya ungafezeka, oko kuyinyaniso ingakumbi xa isiseko kufuneka nzulu ngezantsi iqina zomhlaba. Oku konga ukuya kwi-50% yebhajethi.

The main lobubi

Phambi kokuba uqale ukwakha isiseko inkxaso-pier, kufuneka ucinge ngakumbi minuses, kandziyisa phakathi kwabo:

• nkalongoko for ezintsonkothileyo yokubona;
• nakwenzeka ukwakhiwa emhlabeni ethambileyo.

Ethetha into yokuqala, xa umahluko eziphakamileyo phakathi 1.5 m iya babonwe tell umthwalo tyaba ukusuka ifuthe ukudumba, nto leyo enokubangela ntsika wumbe. Musa ukusebenzisa isakhiwo ochazwe kwimeko xa ummandla esilawulwa umhlaba evakalala, oku kuyinyaniso ukuba udongwe nomhlaba umgquba, nodongwe amanzi-ifumile, nto leyo kakhulu amandla ezahlukeneyo isici. Ukusebenzisa grillage enamandla ngokwaneleyo, uya kukwazi ukuba imbuyekezo kunina emhlabeni tye. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, umphumo yezoqoqosho iza kuncipha, ngako oko kuya kuba lula ukuba ukhetha ezidadayo slab monolithic; ngokuba yonke loo nto kufuneka ube sisixa khorwisaka eyombiweyo.

Izimvo malunga neempawu zobuchwepheshe

Musculoskeletal pier lesiseko, ncomo ikuyo ezihle kakhulu, yakhiwe ngokungqinelana iteknoloji okhethekileyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho lisekela columnar, apho ibekwe phezu iphedi luhlalu. Okulandelayo wenza formwork, apho ikhonkrithi obegalelwe. Ngokutsho abanikazi zezindlu zabucala, kungekabekwa isekela zingenziwa amatye inkunkuma okanye izitena. isekela Columnar zenziwe iibhloko eziphathekayo. Pad uphose ngohlobo iiphiramidi, isiqalelo ngasinye ebotshelelwe emhlabeni.

Musculoskeletal pier isiseko iibhloko eziphathekayo, ngokutsho kubabhekisi ukumelana, isiqingatha elandelwayo exhomekeke phezu komqamelo. Ukuba uthelekiso melkozaglublennyh columnar ixhasa kunye nezinye iziseko, owokuqala ukwenza ngokomgangatho nokuphumeza kakuhle amanzi, ubushushu kunye kutsalwe indawo esezantsi.

Le bokuqonda umsebenzi

iinkosi Domestic bathi ethwele amandla umhlaba kunye nefuthe layo phezu lexinene ubunzulu kwakusembiwa kuyo, leyo wamisa iintsika benzela exhasa. Xa yokwakha kwaqhutywa tyeni okanye isanti izohlwayo, kuphela emhlabeni zegrabile maleko we-15 cm zinokufakwa. Le nkxaso iya kuzinza ngakumbi ukuba icandelo emnqamlezweni lingaphantsi kwe lulwahlulo ukuphakama inkxaso. A umaleko zesanti kunye zegrabile igcwele luhlalu bengagqibanga, nto leyo maxa wambi indawo yi geotextile ashinyeneyo.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, omnye kuphela loo uhlangabezana njani nale kukhuthaza amanzi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba inkxaso esitalini emhlabeni amanzi. Igunya kunye nobunzulu ezintofontofo, ngokutsho iinkosi endlwini, zikhethwa zisekelwe kwixabiso wolayisho ezinqamlezayo kunye ukuqina le kongqameko esezantsi sakhiwo. Kuba iintsika angamarhoqorhoqo, side ngemibhobho asbestos-isamente na vuenti. Ukuba isekela eziphathekayo ebekwe, kuya kuba yinto phezulu zokulahla yintlabathi.

Ukuqinisa isiseko

Ukuba ugqiba ukuba bahlole ngocoselelo ukomeleza indlela isiseko yenkxaso-pier, ufanele wazi: zingasetyenziswa iindlela eziliqela ukulungiselela le njongo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi xa kwipali ziya kwenziwa ngezitena ebomvu. Kuya kuba yimfuneko ukulungiselela umsele ogama ubunzulu yi-25 cm. Ababetheki zayo ezantsi kwaye iyaphuphuma ukucwangcisa kwikholam concreted izitena.

Kubalulekile ukulungiselela le umphezulu inkxaso ukuba ubukhulu kwi uluhlu-15 cm. Ubungakanani wayo kufuneka ibe nkulu ngakumbi kwicandelo lenkxaso nge-40%. Ukomeleza eziphathekayo Ebubanzini ebuhlanti kugunyaziso kufuneka abulawe, nto leyo kuqulatha imivalo ezintathu okanye ezine. Kuba oku ukusebenzisa i intsimbi 8-mm. sikhokelo inkxaso kufuneka ibekwe phezu ukuphakama kuyilo izitena. Kuba iyahlala extra, sebenzisa inyengane ezikumgangatho ophezulu okanye ikhonkrithi, ukuba leyo ufake abangelwe okanye Nyengane luhlola emihle. Musculoskeletal pier isiseko iibhloko eziphathekayo, apho amanqaku zingcono kakhulu malunga izakhiwo ngezitena buthathwa ngendlela efanayo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba isisombululo beeyunithi wamatye belungiselela iteknoloji enye eziphathekayo.

Iimpawu ze iibhloko isiseko

Musculoskeletal pier lesiseko, ogama ixabiso yi-200 000 engange., Ukuba uyilo iya kuquka ubukho izibonda 16 zibe gqitha, ukuba ngokungayithobeli ngeteknoloji. Khangela izinto ngokuzala kuyimfuneko zemitha emithathu, kufuneka ibe kwi-engile, yaye iindawo apho iindonga phambana.

Musa ukwenza izithuba rhoqo, kuba oko kuya kwandisa iindleko zokwakha kunye namandla. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye angalinganiyo, emathambekeni for lisekela inokuba kulingana isiphelo mm 150 ukuya 300. Nge yokuma okungephi isahlulo enye inkxaso kusenokuquka kweeyunithi ezi-5, lo gama enye - enye okanye ezimbini. Ukuba yokwakha lwenziwa kwisiqwenga tyaba, izithuba angabi iibhloko ngaphezulu kwe-3 ngobude, ngexesha lekhefu kubo kuya kuba 200 mm. Musculoskeletal pier isiseko iibhloko ukwazi ukumelana nobunzima kakhulu yokwakhiwa, ukuba libe lichanekile ukwenza amaqonga reference lofakelo yeentsika. Oku kuya kwandisa umthwalo ngokuzala amandla emhlabeni.

Iqonga inkxaso ukuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iibhloko zibekwe phantsi ukupheyiva tile imilo square kunye ecaleni 400 mm okanye 500 mm. Kodwa le ndlela alichanekanga, kuba ithayile ayenzelwanga ukuba umthwalo zinyukile yaye phantse lonke iintanda, ukulahlekelwa injongo yayo.

Kubhetele ukuba bazalise sayithi kunye kugunyaziso kumqolo, iya kusetyenziselwa ukomeleza umnatha endleleni. Kodwa ke kubhetele ukusebenzisa vana, apho ubukhulu iya kuba ukususela mm-10 ukuya ku-12. Loo pad monolithic in cross-candelo iya kuba sikwere kwicala 400 mm okanye 600 mm. ubukhulu yabo iya kulingana nenani kuluhlu ukusuka mm-50 ukuya kuma-70. olu khetho uthathwa ngokuba nzima ngakumbi, kodwa inokuthenjwa.

izincomo ezenziwe

Ngaba ityeshelwe inyathelo ekufakweni sites reference. nangoko Abanye abakhi ukulungele ukufaka phezu iibhloko komqamelo uyisanti. Ukuba inkxaso akayi kuba isiseko esiqinileyo, ngoko emva komzuzwana beqala "ukuhamba" iinzame yokuqala kakhulu. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukubhenela buchwepheshe, iibhloko kumqolo wokuqala kufuneka luqulathe igama iimveliso ezimbini, nokupakisha kufuneka luphunyezwe kunye ukudlulela. In cross-candelo intsika isiseko kufuneka babe milinganiselo ilandelayo: 400 x 400 mm. Ukonga ixesha kwinkxaso kwindawo yokwakha, uchitha imali yokuthenga kweeyunithi ezongezelelweyo.

isiphelo

Ukuba intsimi ekwakheni ntlango tyaba ngokufanelekileyo, ukwakhiwa isiseko axhasayo-pier iya kuxabisa kubiza kakhulu kunokuba ngokubekwa tape melkozaglublennoy okanye Iizilebhu monolithic. Ingqalelo igalelo elibi iphambili yale isisombululo isebenza kuphela ukumelana encinane roller. Ngoko ke, ukuba uthatha amanyathelo ukunciphisa amandla ukudumba. Kodwa le nokubi nto zincitshiswe iingenelo, sisabelo eziphakamileyo, ngokunjalo umhlaba ngumkhenkce ufakelo amathuba. Kuba precast isiseko columnar okanye grillage monolithic kubaluleke kakhulu.