Amafutha mninzi

Density - kukho ubunzima iziyobisi, leyo kwiyunithi umthamo. Iyunithi yomlinganiselo yi loxinano (kg / m³) kilograms nge-cubic meter. Ukususela chemical ukwakhiwa iqela kuxhomekeke lexinene amafutha. Ukuxinana ezincinane carbohydrate zeparafini kunye ezinkulu - carbohydrate ibhedolaki naphthenic. Fraction Ukwakhiwa oyile iphembelela ixabiso mninzi. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa lexinene amaqhezu amafutha (oyile), i zeenkqubo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ebila. Ekusebenzeni nazo inani dimensionless. Oku konga isihlobo leyo lulwahlulo lexinene yeoli (fuel) kwiqondo elithile ukuya lexinene amanzi, esithathwe kwi-mali efanayo, xa amaqondo obushushu ezine degrees Celsius. 4 ° C lexinene amanzi 1000 kg / m³. Ukuxinana isihlobo uzimisele kwi-20 ° C.

Le fowuni, eligqala lexinene yeoli, ngokuba hydrometer.

Ukuze umlinganiselo lexinene ulwelo xa sikhongozeli hydrometer oyile obekwe ukuze uhamba ngokukhululekileyo apho. On kwisikali hydrometer amaxabiso ihlumelo mninzi. Density nayo ibalwa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokubala: ubunzima ngeekhilogram bahlulwe umthamo ngeelitha.

Ngako oko, ukwazi umthamo kunye lexinene nokumisela oyile hydrometer hydrometer, petroleum yeetoni lula ukufumanisa phinda lexinene yi umthamo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi oyile ingxinano (idizili oyile, umatshini, njalo njalo). Plotnometrov ngokusebenzisa hydrometer okanye iimveliso zepetroliyam. Njengoko kuthelekiswa izixhobo zemveli, leyo iza kucacisa lexinene yeoli (hydrometers) ineendlela ezininzi plotnometr na. Xa uluhlu emxinwa kakhulu, uya kuba nako ukulinganisa hydrometer mninzi. Ukuba ulwelo ukuba kulinganiswa nganye uthenga hydrometer, wena, kwelinye icala, ukuba unako ukusindisa ngale athenge imitha loxinano elektroniki, kodwa kwelinye icala, kuza kufuneka ukuba bathenge hydrometers esitsha endaweni ilimele. Kodwa ukuba uthenga plotnometr, kuya kuba yindlela elula ngakumbi yokulinganisa lexinene, ungasebenzisa yona iminyaka emininzi. Qiniseka ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo xa uthenga plotnometra ukuba nasiphi na isixhobo hlobo, ukongeza elebhu, kufuneka kusoloko ezingqinisisiweyo ukhuseleko dubulo, ngenxa yokuba isikali oluqhutywa kwiindawo kunokubakhona iziqhushumbisi.

nesilinganiso oyile konga kuyimfuneko ukuze ukuqikelela umgangatho amafutha ukugqiba imali yayo. Quantification yokubala ubunzima yimveliso petroleum ngokulinganisa kwithempritsha yayo, lexinene inqanaba (ukubala umthamo).

Ubunzima kubalwa ngqo ngenxa yezi parameters nto iyatshintsha kuphela kubushushu rhoqo iza kutshintsha njengoko mali (inqanaba) kunye namafutha mninzi.

Ukuthambisa ajikeleze zonke iindawo uyivulele injini ivumela oyile injini. Iquka iindawo zokhuselo umboniso, leyo kunciphisa ukukhuhlana banxibe, kubangele namandla kudluliselwa kweevili. Kwakhona kuthintela ubumdaka, umhlwa amacandelwana injini kunye needipozithi eziyingozi. oyile injini nga unuke yi kukuba kwigumbi yokutsha osusa ubushushu obugqithisileyo ngokugqithisa phantsi sump.

oyile kwezimbiwa oyile ezilula ezisetyenziswa ngumntu eminyaka. Khupha kubo intlambululo yokusihlambulula le-oli ekrwada; ngoko ke ioli kugalelwe ongeziweyo ezahlukeneyo ethintela ukuyilwa udaka, iziyobisi ezithintela kukuwohloka viscosity improvers. oyile kwezimbiwa efikeleleka kakhulu, aze abe avareji.

Elabhoratri ukuvelisa ioli zokwenziwa. Iduru ngakumbi afumane ngeenkqubo imichiza entsonkothileyo.

oyile Semisynthetic ngumxube we ezimbini zokuqala. Zilala ratio ye-20-30% oyile ezithambileyo 70-80% of a ngezimbiwa.