Pithecanthropus - it ... hypothesis of imvelaphi yabantu

Ukuze yeminyaka engaphezu kwesinye, oosonzululwazi kunye iinkcuba zikhala phezu imfihlelo imvelaphi yabantu. Liyavumelana, hypothesis, theory. Kodwa ke kukho ubungqina entsha xa umntu omnye okanye olunye uluvo, ngoko akukho namnye mbono kule ngongoma akayi aqinisekisiweyo.

Imfundiso oqhelekileyo imvelaphi yabantu

1. theory yonqulo. Kubaluleke kakhulu mandulo. Abaxhasi lo mbono uye ucinge ngalo amakhulu, imbonakalo nguThixo umntu ehlabathini.
2. Cosmogony. Cosmogonists athi ngemvelaphi yoluntu uhlobo cosmic, ukuze abantu obubalaseleyo kokuwa imizimba yasezulwini asasazwe kuzo zonke emhlabeni. Ngale ndlela, kukholelwa ukuba ubomi emhlabeni - experiment umntu.
3. Natural, imvelaphi emhlabeni. Ngunozala le ngcamango - le semvelo Charles Darwin, abo babeka phambili kwinkolelo yokuba umntu wehla evela iinkawu kule yokuzivelela. Oko konke ukuphila emhlabeni kungekudala azivelele (nezimo zangaphandle) ngenxa yokhetho yendalo, nto leyo ibandakanya ukuvavanyela ngaphandle izinto ezibuthathaka kunye kusinda kakhulu. kwinzala yawo zemfuza wadlulisela inkcazelo malunga nezimo, leyo iintlobo azivelele.

Uphuhliso imfundiso yokuba izinto zazivelela

Abalandeli mbono, ebizwa ngokuba "wayengekho kaDarwin", enibe bakholelwa nyani ngenxa yokukhetha yendalo ngokuthe ngcembe neqonga ephakamileyo kuphuhliso.

Ukuqhubeka ukuphuhlisa kwithiyori Darwin ngenkulungwane ye-19, i-nzulu waseJamani Ernst Haeckel, owoyiswayo ukuba xa kukho nqanaba eliphakathi lophuhliso phakathi lwenkawu nomntu, wayinika igama le sidalwa - Pithecanthropus, Liguqulwe lithatyathwa Latin - 'nkawu'. Yintoni umdla kukuba, ISAZINZULU kwakubekwe kuphela bachaza hlobo. Ngapha koko, eziphili ufumana onemali yakhe. Haeckel kwakhona wacebisa, apho yayiza kuhlala Pithecanthropus - le kumzantsi-mpuma inxalenye Asia.

Ubungqina theory zikaDarwin

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, hypothesis kwaqinisekiswa ngumphandi Dutch Ezhenom Dyubua owafumana iintsalela wachaza kwisiqithi Java. abaphandi kamva baye bafumana ubungqina omtsha ithiyori - kwimingxuma kwinkulungwane yama-20 lwenziwa ngempumelelo eAfrika, yaye ukongezelela kumabhodlo le nkawu-indoda yafunyanwa izixhobo zakhe ngamatye.

Ngowe-1927, kufuphi Beijing (saseTshayina) paleontologists baye bafumanisa izinto enomtsalane ukuhlola - iintsalela abathile 40 (amadoda, abafazi kunye nabantwana). Morphologically ke musa kwahluke ngale Pithecanthropus, ngokulandelelana, baba ngenxa oku zenyathi, kodwa ngokwenkcubeko (Unezixhobo ezininzi), olu hlobo lwenkawu ethile kwezithuthi endleleni abantu mihla. Pithecanthropus - isihlobo aba bantu, owayehlala kumaxesha angaphambili. Ngokutsho kumabhodlo wafumana, izazinzulu wamnika igama umongo - Peking Man (Chinese lwenkawu-amadoda).

uphando lwakutshanje

Okwangoku, abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba izinyanya ngqo abantu oluntu yokuqala - ezanyisayo lwenkawu-ezifana, wabeka isiseko kuphuhliso parapithecus.

Parapithecus - abantu lwenkawu ebonakala kwiminyaka nezigidi ezingama-35 eyadlulayo. Ezi zilwanyana eyayihlala imithi, leyo aphawula ukuqala lophuhliso loluntu kwelinye icala, kunye kwelinye - iintlobo zale mihla iinkawu: gibbons, orangutan.

Driopithecus wabonakala eyi-18 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ezi izilwanyana ezanyisayo bahlala imithi emhlabeni. Bona baba lusungulo zemfene mihla, iigorila kunye Australopithecus endala.

Imvelaphi Homo

Australopithecus - a zenyathi nkawu eyayiphila kwiminyaka kwezigidi ezi-5 edlulileyo, Izidumbu kuye kwafunyanwa Afrika, iindawo ukubonakalsa. Kwakufuneka ezine imilenze lihamba kubini-kruthu indawo ngemilenze emibini yangasemva. Ukukhula kwabo akwazi ukufikelela 150 cm; ubunzima - 50 kg. ngemilenze australopithecines Free bakwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela wokuzingela (Ukhuseleko) - izinti, amatye. Australopithecus - it ploto- kwaye herbivorous lwenkawu-amadoda, ziye zahlelwa kwi imihlambi ngohlobo lwazo. Ngokutsho kwezinye kuqikelelo, apho kwakukho kwinqanaba elilandelayo le-chain yendaleko - Homo.

Homo wabonakala malunga 2-3 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. isakhiwo yomzimba phantse akukho kwahluka ukhokho walo ngoko nangoko - Australopithecus, kodwa baye bafunda ukuba lokusebenzisa a izinto kwakudala. Homo liqale Pithecanthropus.

Homo erectus ne-Homo sapiens

Pithecanthropus, Sinanthropus - zenyathi anesibini zohlobo olufanayo, Homo erectus. Xa iifosili ezifunyaniswe, izazinzulu bagqiba ukuba baba ufana kakhulu Australopithecus kunokuba umntu. ukukhula wabo wafika-160 cm, umthamo ubuchopho - ukusuka 700 ukuya 1200 cubic metres. Yabona, baba nakummango nebunzi enkulu na, elibukhali esilevini, cheekbones ububanzi. Sasihlala million 2 - kwiminyaka 200,000 eyadlulayo, amaqela kunye ngohlobo lwazo emakhayeni - emiqolombeni. Bebesazi ukwakha indlela imifuziselo nobunzima izixhobo, kunokuba habilis Homo. Ekukholelwa ukuba Pithecanthropus - le nkawu-amadoda, sele izakhono bomcebi elungileyo. Le isidalwa, owayeyazi ukupheka ngomlilo, bafunda ukuba akhusele, indawo yokufihla intloko yemozulu embi, ukuze bandise Uluhlu lwabo, oyikele ubomi bakhe.

Bamandulo Phaya - isigaba esilandelayo uphuhliso, wayekho ngelo thuba glacial (250,000 - 35,000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo). Travo- nezidla bakwazi ukuzalela nokugcina umlilo, Unezixhobo ezininzi (iintshengece, Choppers, scrapers), ndafunda kukubanika uxanduva nokusebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu (amadoda ukuba abazingeli, abafazi - ezayenza izidumbu, ukuqokelela iingcambu ezityiwayo, izityalo).

Cro-Magnons zatshintshwa ezikwi yendaleko of Bamandulo Phaya, baba amalungu zokuqala Homo sapiens iintlobo. Akwenza 50 000 - engama-40 000 eyadlulayo. Oku usondele anthropologically ukuba abantu abantu mihla. ukukhula kwayo akwazi ukufikelela 180 cm, umthamo yengqondo -. 1400 cc, umntu waba ebunzi eliphezulu, nakummango bobalulweyo enkulu ndingekho (ezifana neyezingaphambili). Cro-Magnons bakwazi ukuthetha ngokucacile, njengoko oko kungqinwa kusesilevini owaziwayo, wakha izindlu, ayithunge zitshabalale ukuvelisa izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo (ithambo, ilitye, lesilicon), bakwazi ukuhombisa kubo. Babonisa umdla kunqulo nobugcisa.

Ngoku ke kwemvelo ngemvelaphi yomntu eziqheleke kakhulu unalo igama elikhethekileyo - anthropogenesis.