Umqulu sound: indlela zokulala ezahlukeneyo decibels

amaza omsindo ezineempembelelo indlebe zabantu, ebangela ukuhla nokunyuka iinwele. Le awo le intlokoma isandi enxulumene ngqo longeno waqonda kwamaza - oko kukuthi, umthamo isandi iya waziva ngakumbi. Oku, ukuchazwa Kakade, lula. Kodwa ke ingongoma!

Imbono ngobunzulu efanayo isandi umntu ngamnye uza kuba ezabo. Ngoko ke, oko kulungile ukuba uphikise ukuba umthamo - ixabiso ayinyani. Ngaphezu koko, le parameter ixhomekeke rhoqo kunye namandla awo ye intlokoma isandi kunye maza. Xa lomsindo iphenjelelwa yimiba ezifana ixesha oscillations, kwasendaweni zabo isithuba, kwaye ubume isiqulatho ecacicleyo.

Volume Unit kuthiwa ubuthongo (Sone). 1 iphupha lungqamana phantse umthamo incoko wu- kwaye umthamo we-injini ye indiza 264 Sonam. Xa inkcazelo, lingana ukulala omnye ithoni rate umthamo we-1000 kunye neqondo 40 dB. Amandla isandi, ezivakaliswe sones has ifomula:

J = k * I ^1/3, apha

k - 'ngumlingani ka amaza oxhomekeke, i - umfutho ukuhla.

Ngenxa yokuba le oscillations kunye ezahlukeneyo xi sound (ngobunzulu okanye amandla ezahlukeneyo sawo) ezitsho ezohlukeneyo lomqulu odiyo, iyunithi onjalo nayo kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo amandla alo njenge yangasemva (Phon). F-1 ilingana umahluko amanqanaba umqulu 2 izandi kunye amaza efanayo, apho umthamo ofanayo isandi frequency of 1000 Hz iya kwahluka kwinqanaba ingcinezelo (ubunzulu) ka-1 dB.

Ukuziqhelisa, ukuze ucacise okanye thelekisa umthamo, badla decibels - iyunithi livela kwemini. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka ngamandla yesandi ayikho kubudlelwane yomgama ukuya ngobunzulu kwamaza, ngoxa lwe logarithm olusezantsi. 1 uIzebhele = phindene ukutshintsha ngamandla oscillation awo. Yinto enye pretty big. Ngako oko, kuba ukubala usebenzisa inxalenye yakhe yeshumi - decibels.

Usuku indlebe babantu uve isandi ngamaza umthamo decibels-10 nangaphezulu. Oku kucingwa ukuba uluhlu ubuninzi zonke ezitsho ezikhoyo umntu 000 20-20 Hz. Ku waphawula ukuba itshintsha kunye nobudala. Ebutsheni best wave oluvakalayo njalo eliphakathi (malunga nama-3 kHz) ebudaleni - rhoqo ka-2 ukuya kwemi-3 kHz, kwaye ebudaleni - isandi 1 kHz. amaza omsindo kunye namandla awo ukuya ku 3.1 KHz (kilohertz kuqala) kubandakanya kummandla yonxibelelwano intetho. Asetyenziswe ngayo losasazo kwaye kwi DV- SW bands, kwakunye phones.

Ukuba amaza ungaphantsi kwama 16-20 Hz, ngoko zengxolo kuthathwa infrasound, kodwa ukuba mkhulu kuno-20 kHz - ultrasound. Infrasound ne 5-10 oscillations Hz kunokubangela livakale kunye kokukona amalungu angaphakathi baze baluphumeze ingqondo ukwandisa nokuqaqamba kwamalungu kunye namathambo. Kodwa ultrasound sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi amayeza. Kwakhona nalo dudula izinambuzane (midges, ziingcongconi), izilwanyana (umz, izinja), neentaka zokuchopha.

Ukuze ufumanise ivolyum isandi okanye ingxolo, sebenzisa isixhobo ezikhethekileyo - umlinganiselo izinga lengxolo. Kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba akukho ngaphezulu intlokoma isandi obuvumelekileyo mali iphezulu ezo akukho ingozi kubantu. Ukuba umntu ubethwa elide-ngumtshangatshangiso kunye kwinqanaba ngaphezu 80-90 dB, oko kubangele ukulahleka epheleleyo okanye kwinxenye iindlebe. Oku kwakhona kwenzeka xa ukuphazamiseka zophendlo lwezifo ze iinkqubo Wayesoyika sentliziyo. umthamo Secure kulinganiselwe 35 dB. Ngoko ke musani ukubaphulaphula umculo umsindo yalamanxila kuba undivile ulondolozo. Ukuba kwindawo enengxolo kakhulu, ungasebenzisa earplugs.