Abram ithawula - Utatomkhulu African imbongi Russian

Great-umkhulu imbongi odumileyo Russian Aleksandra Pushkina Abram ithawula, waphila ubomi obude engenakulibaleka ubomi. Unyana inkosana amanene Afrika, ke, lo ebuntwaneni yi-Turks and wasiwa eConstantinople. Xa ndandineminyaka esixhenxe, umfana eMoscow waba inkwenkwe oyithandayo emnyama Peter I. Kamva, wakwazi ukufumana imfundo elungileyo kwaye wenze umsebenzi akrelekrele yasemkhosini, unyuka usiya elikwinqanaba Jikelele-in-oyiNtloko. Abram Petrovich wehla waya embalini umzukulu A. yakhe edumileyo S. Pushkinu, ngubani wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe zembali "I Arap Petra Enkulu."

Umhla kunye nendawo yokuzalwa ithawula

isikhumba Dark neenwele ezimnyama olugobileyo lokuvala Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu ilifa uyise-mkhulu uAbram ithawula, owazalelwa Afrika kude kunye nobushushu. A ukhokho emnyama wembongi enkulu indoda ngokungaqhelekanga, eziqhelekileyo buqu kunye noPetros Omkhulu, ekukruqulayo Ioannovnoy, Elizabeth, kunye nezinye nobuntu abadumileyo kwinkulungwane XVIII. Yintoni bayahlelwa odumileyo Pushkin enkulu-mkhulu? Funda ngayo kuba ngokufunda ngobomi bakhe.

Abram Petrovich ithawula wazalwa kule minyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane XVII. Umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe 1696 okanye 1697. Eyona mhlawumbi yokuzalwa ithawula ingqalelo Abyssinia - kummandla kumantla Ethiopia. Kodwa abanye abaphandi biography of izinyanya Pushkin likaThixo oyikholelwayo ukuba ukhokho wakhe wazalelwa Sultanate of Logone, ibekwe kwi emdeni eCameroon naseChad. Xa ukwamkelwa ngulo mbono ibonisa ithawula, ileta ebhalelwe uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, apho wathi indawo kwidolophu yakhe yokuzalwa Logone. Noko ke, akuzange kube lula ukufumana ubungqina obubhaliweyo olu guqulelo kude kube namhlanje.

Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi

Ekuzalweni, abakhulu-nguyisemkhulu Pushkin, Abram Petrovich ithawula, enxibe igama Ibrahim. Uyise inkosana ephawulekayo Afrika, ngubani abaninzi nabafazi nabantwana. Xa ndandineminyaka esixhenxe, Ibrahim kunye nomzalwana wakhe omdala waxhwilwa yi-Turks and wathumela eConstantinople. Kukho amakhwenkwe amnyama ndizinzile kwibhotwe (seraglio) waza waqalisa ukuba apheke kumaphepha Sultan. Ngubani owaziyo uya kuthelekelela into ebinokwenzeka, ukuba ngo-1705 eConstantinople wafika Count Sawa Raguzinsky-Vladislavich baza bathenga njengesipho kuPetros Omkhulu.

Kwakutheni ukuze Russian Tsar kwakufuneka abantwana Afrika, nto leyo eRashiya ngokuba arapchatami? UPeter Omkhulu babehamba kakhulu eYurophu yaye ngokufuthi wabona njengookumkani amazwe ezingxandeni bawuthobele inkwenkwe emnyama. Lover onke phesheya engaqhelekanga, wayefuna waba wenkonzo arapchonok. Kodwa hayi elinye, kunye nokubhala kunye izimilo ezilungileyo. Xa imbeko iminqweno Peter I, Raguzinsky Vladislavich-Ndajonga emva kokuba seraglio elungele kakhulu ukuba zizicaka kwibhotwe lokumkani amakhwenkwe amnyama nazuzwe (kweminye imithombo - bebile) nabo intloko Seraglio. Ngoko umzalwana wakhe Ibrahim baba eRashiya.

Ubhaptizo, nenkonzo Peter I

Xa ihlobo kufika 1705 arapchata yamkelwa ubuKristu kwi Church of St. Paraskeva, Vilnius. Ngexesha lokukhula ubhaptizo Ibrahim igama uAbram kunye nomntakwabo - Alex. Abazali owayemele umkhulu Pushkin waba Potr Veliky nomfazi kaKumkani Polish Agasti II, Christian Ebergardina. Patronymic inkwenkwe emnyama wanikwa igama Russian Tsar nibabhaptiza. Emva kokuba lo mfana Afrika Ibrahim waba Abram Petrovich. Kangangexesha elide yathwala igama Petrov (imbeko owayemele), kwaye kuphela ekuqaleni-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane XVIII kokuba indawo.

Abram ithawula blackamoor sele othandwayo uPetros Omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, wakhonza kumthumeli-priporozhnika (inkwenkwe, owayehlala embundwini kweekota royal), emva koko waba valet kwaye unobhala kakumkani. UPetros ngoko wathembela Negro lakhe wamvumela ukuba ukukhusela iincwadi, iimephu kunye nemizobo ezifumaneka e-ofisini yakhe, ndamnika ezo lamaphulo mfihlakalo. Ngowe-1716, i-ukhokho ka Pushkin, Abram Petrovich ithawula, waya kukumkani ukuhamba eYurophu. E France ukuba wayezimisele ukuya kufunda esikolweni zobunjineli. Emva kokufunda oko, uAbram Petrovich yafakwa umkhosi French waza wathabatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe ka-1718-1820 xa ikota-Union, apho wafumana ukutyumka intloko.

Umthetheli ithawula, ngowe-1723, wabuyela eRashiya ihonjiswe kwi Preobrazhensky webutho, umhlaba ophantsi umyalelo uPetros I. Ngenxa ulwazi qwa ngezibalo, wafumana eYurophu, waba ngowokuqala kwi kwimbali Russian Army General Engineer. Ukongeza iinzululwazi ngqo, uAbram Petrovich wayezazi kakuhle kwimbali kunye bulumko, wayesazi isiFrentshi, isiLatini, ngoko kuluntu ukuba aphathwe njengomntu ofundileyo kakhulu. Ngokomyalelo Peter Pushkin emikhulu-Uyisemkhulu wayefundisa amajoni aselula, imathematika zobunjineli. Ukongeza, wayalelwa ukuba aguqulele iincwadi angaphandle lenkundla.

in ekuthinjweni

Inkonzo Abram Petrovich ithawula, uPetros waqhubeka de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1725. Emva kokuba kwelungiselelo Negro i Tsar yaba ithandeka Prince Alexander Menshikov, owaba de facto umlawuli lizwe. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ithawula, wayesazi kakuhle kakhulu izono zakhe ezifihlakeleyo. Yena eyaziwayo oliqhophololo kunye Prince gadalala, kwaye malunga nolwalamano olusenyongweni Catherine I. Efuna ukuba balahle ubungqina eyingozi, Menshikov ngo-1727 kuyisusa enkundleni waza wathunyelwa eSiberia. Xa kubhekiswa Abraham ithawula wayeneminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu. Kude kube sekupheleni kuka 1729 wabekwa phantsi ngo Tomsk, enika ngenyanga nganye ukuze engange-10.

Service in Pernove

NgoJanuwari 1730, wanyukela nomtshana Petra Velikogo kaThixo, Anna Ivanovna ukuya etroneni asebukhosini. Wakhumbula ukususela ebuntwaneni Abram Petrovich wayesoloko wamphatha kakuhle naye. Indlovukazi entsha irhoxisiwe isohlwayo ithawula, waza wamvumela ukuba aqhubeke nenkonzo yakhe yasemkhosini. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba 1730, yena kuluhlu njenge enkulu ekampini Tobolsk, emva koko yena wakhumbula evela eSiberia mazigqithiselwe ibekwe Eastland kwisixeko Pernau (ngoku - Parnu e Estonia). Apha Arap Petra Velikogo wanikwa isikhundla yinjineli-umthetheli. Kule minyaka 1731-1733 bakhonza njengoko kwingqwayi kwindawo enqatyisiweyo Pernovskom nasekufundiseni efanayo ababhexeshi ekampini School (iinjineli junior emkhosini) zokuzoba, zokuzifaka apha nakwimathematika. Ngowe-1733 ithawula barhoxa, becaphula isigqibo sakhe kunye neengxaki zempilo.

Umtshato ne Dioper

Kungekudala emva kokuba sifudukele Pernau Pushkin enkulu-utatomkhulu, uAbram Petrovich ithawula, okokuqala ebomini bam, ukuba ucinga ngomtshato. bachelor Kuqinisekisiwe ngubani na ekuqaleni imi--30 kwinkulungwane XVIII yakwazi ukutshintsha iminyaka elishumi yesine, akazange ubunzima ngenxa yokungabikho ingqalelo ukusuka besini bubuhle. imbonakalo ithawula engaqhelekanga watsala umdak 'Russian, kunye neenoveli e YamaSilamsi lomlilo yaba kakhulu, kodwa akazange abeke up imicimbi yokubonisana emkhosini. ubomi bakhe bachelor yathatha ixesha elide kangaka kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1730, ngoxa wayehambe ngezoshishino eSt Petersburg, wadibana umfazi omhle Greek Evdokia Dioper. Kutshe intombazana iimvakalelo ecenga African wagqiba ekubeni nditshate naye.

Evdokia intombi mncinane of the Greek izithuthi igosa kuhamba ukusuka St. Petersburg Andrey Diopera ngayo ithawula, kwafuneka ukuba adibane kwikota wayehambe ngezoshishino. Elibala elide kwikomkhulu kumantla ibhuqiwe, uAbram Petrovich yanikezelwa intsapho yakhe. intombi Arap bangi oselula wayethanda Diopera, waza ecetywayo umtshato. Nangona isibakala sokuba Evdokia Andreevna wayethandana Lieutenant oselula Aleksandra Kaysarova waza walungiselela ukutshata naye, uyise bagqiba ukuba godson uPetros ndiya kuba ngcono iqela lakhe. Ebutsheni bowe-1731, watshata amandla Abram Petrovich yayo eSt bakaSimon Church eSt Petersburg. Emva kokuba umsitho sibini waya Pernau, apho ithawula, bakhonza. To uLieutenant Kaisarov na edidekile ithawula endleleni, watshintshelwa Astrakhan.

Ukungcatshwa kwaye inkundla

umtshato Ukunyanzelwa akazange onwabe Abrama Petrovich, okanye umfazi wakhe. Evdokia indoda akazange uthando nokunyaniseka akazange ugcine. In Pernove yena nisijonge emkhosini uselula yaye kungekudala waba wayengumnikazi a Don Juan Shishkin zasekuhlaleni, owayengumfundi yendoda yakhe. Ekwindla ka-1731 Dioper wazala intombi emhlophe ngebala kwaye alunasheyi-iinwele ababengakwazanga ukuba intombi Afrika Abram ithawula zomthonyama. E Pernove, imvelaphi yayo elandwa ixesha abahlali nje 2000, iindaba ukuzalwa injineli umthetheli black umntwana emhlophe yaba kuyabuya ngokwenene. Pushkin enkulu ngukhokho Abram Petrovich ithawula, wambamba nhla intlekisa kwaye akonwabanga ukungathembeki ngumfazi wakhe. Yaba ngeli xesha yena wabhala emsebenzini, leyo sivunyiwe eso kuphela ngo-1733 emva kokuba ukugxothwa ka-Abram Petrovich bafudukela Manor Karyakyula ibekwe kwi Reval.

Ithawula angamxoleli umngcatshi-ngumfazi. Kwake ukuba bahlale ngokumbetha, baqhubeka bevalelwa waza wamsongela ukumbulala. Kuba engafuni ukuba baphile ixesha elide kunye Evdokia endlwini enye, waqalisa umtshato elikhulu, wasenga uyakrexeza. Inkundla yombutho wafumana Dioper enetyala waza wavuma ukuba athumele kwisiBhedlele entendelezweni, aqulathe onke amabanjwa. Kukho umfazi ongathembekanga lachitha kweminyaka eli-11 ubude. Nangona ukuba wazibonakalisa Evdokia letyala, inkundla ayizange babaphosa kwindoda yakhe, Ukohlwaywa kwethu kwaba kuphela uyakrexeza.

umshado wesibili

Nangona Evdokia Dioper ndandikhonza isivakalisi uMbuso, umyeni wakhe utshatile okwesibini. Nizikhethele Abram Petrovich yaba wohlobo a imvelaphi wohlobo Swedish Christina Regina von Sjöberg, owayehlala Pernove. Yena wayeselula ngaphezu nomyeni wakhe weminyaka eyi-20. Umtshato naye Abram Petrovich ekwagqitywa ngayo ngo-1736, endaweni yokubonelela isiqinisekiso isiqinisekiso sokuqhawula umtshato wenkundla wamajoni, kokuqinisekisa ewolo umfazi wakhe wokuqala. Emva komtshato, wazisa umfazi wakhe Manor Karyakyulu.

1743 Evdokia Dioper wakhululwa entolongweni yaye kungekudala wamitha. Ukuze atshate umthandi entsha, wathi bafaka isicelo yokomoya consistory-mtshato kunye ithawula, leyo ingqalelo infidelities zakhe zangaphambili. inyathelo Upheliso Evdokia phantse yeendleko uAbram Petrovich inkululeko kunye nomnye umsebenzi, kuba nako imangalelwe isithembu. ubevela mtshato waze 1753 yaye yaphela kunye ithawula ngokungalindelekanga kakuhle: yena wayalela ukuba aguquke aze ahlawule isohlwayo. Consistory wavuma umtshato wakhe Hristinoy Sheberg esebenzayo, ucinga netyala le meko, inkundla emkhosini, apho kungeyomfuneko ukuba bahlole udaba yokukrexeza ngaphandle ubukho Sinodi oyiNgcwele. Evdokia isinde kakhulu. Kuba wakrexeza ebuncinaneni bakhe, waze wagwetywa ukuba avalelwe entolongweni e Staraya Ladoga woonongendi apho wahlala de kwasekufeni kwakhe.

mva

Nditshatile ne Hristinoy Sheberg kwi le mbongi ukuba ukhokho kwazalwa oonyana-11, kubo asinda ebudaleni, sixhenxe kuphela (Ivan, Osip, uIsake, uPetros, Sophia, Elizabeth kunye Anna). Abantwana Abrama Gannibala wamnika a lot of ngabazukulwana. Unyana wakhe Osip ngo-1773 watshata uMariya Alekseevne Pushkin, owathi kwiminyaka emi-2 emva koko wazala intombi, Ithemba - uMama misebenzi Russian Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

A godson umntwana emnyama ngebala le ubalaseleyo Peter I unyana wakhe omdala, Ivan. Yena waba Russian inkokeli edumileyo zomkhosi nomyali Black Sea Fleet. Ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1768-1774 Ivan wayalela kwedabi Navarino, kwaye bathatha inxaxheba Idabi Chesma. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe 1778 Kherson yasekwa. Njengoko ubona, inzala ka Abrama Gannibala baba ezibalaseleyo kunye lifanelwe nokuhlonipha abantu.

umsebenzi Military phantsi Elizabeth I

Ngowe-1741 Abram Petrovich wabuyela emkhosini. Ngeli xesha, wanyukela intombi itrone Petra Velikogo ka-Elizabeth I, ababefuna Arap kunye indenza umsebenzi wakhe. Biography Abrama Gannibala ibonisa ukuba 1742 wafumana isipho esivela uKumkanikazi Karyakyulu Manor awayephila kulo, kunye neminye imizi eziliqela. Kulo nyaka, ithawula, wanyuselwa kwisikhundla sokuba kwingqwayi oyintloko Revel kunye bawongwa amazwe ebhotwe kufuphi Pskov, apho kamva waseka Manor Petrovsky. Ekuqaleni-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane XVIII ngenyathelo Abram Petrovich Elizabeth Petrov waliguqula igama lakhe ithawula sonorous ngakumbi wayithimba wokuwonga elaa umphathi edume lidala, owathi, njengaye, ngaba abamvelaphi yabo iseAfrika.

Ngowe-1752 watshintshelwa eSt Petersburg ukusuka Revel Abram ithawula. Umkhulu genius Russian Afrika apha wasebenza njengokuphatha inxalenye zobunjineli, yaye kamva, ukubongamela ukwakhiwa Kronstadt kunye Ladoga channel , nisekelwe isikolo oonyana iingcibi kunye nabasebenzi. Abram Petrovich ukuba wonyuselwa isikhundla Jikelele-in-Chief kwaye umhlala-66 ubudala.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Emva ekugxothweni abamnyama Pushkin emikhulu-mkhulu tywa nomfazi wakhe kwilali Suyda kufuphi St Petersburg. Yena waye esisityebi kunene, elingumnini ngaphezu kwama-3 amawaka ngamakhoboka. In Suyda ithawula, wachitha iminyaka-19 yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ukuze eze naye ngaphezu kwakanye watyelela Alexander Suvorov, yena notata wakhe, uAbram Petrovich wayengumhlobo ixesha elide. Ngokutsho amarhe, nguye lowo wamcenga umhlobo wakhe ukuba afundise unyana wakhe imicimbi emkhosini.

Winter-1781 eneminyaka engama-64 wafa Christina Sjöberg. Ithawula, wasinda ngokuthi iinyanga-2 kuphela, wafa-Aprili 20, 1781. Wayeneminyaka eli-85 ubudala. Abram Petrovich wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kwilali Suyda. Ngelishwa, ingcwaba lakhe unanamhla iye yagcinwa. Ke indlu, apho wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, ithawula, kuba ilifa lakhe lodumo.

Le aphikisane umlando Pushkin emikhulu-mkhulu

It ayaziwa abaphila wayefana Abram ithawula. Photo ngobude yakhe iyunifomu, nto imelwe iincwadi nakwi-Internet, abaphandi ekugqibeleni ezichongiweyo. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, zime phezu ngelaphu umntu omdala ngenene ukhokho of Pushkin Abram ithawula, kwelinye - jikelele-in-oyintloko ngexesha uCatherine II Ivan Møller Zakomelsky. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa lo mfanekiso emidala womntu omnyama ngebala kwi iyunifomu yomkhosi, biographers abaninzi Pushkin igqalwa enye lokusinda imifanekiso embalwa Abram Petrovich.

Le memory of ithawula ngoncwadi kanye cinema

Abram ithawula, Pushkin akamfumana. Imbongi edume Russian wazalwa kwiminyaka eli-18 emva kokufa uyisemkhulu kwakhe Afrika. Alexander wayesoloko unomdla ngobomi-Abram Petrovich waza wachaza ngobomi bakhe emsebenzini wakhe engagqitywanga zembali "I Arap Petra Enkulu." Ngowe-1976, lo mlawuli eSoviet Alexander Mitta ngokusekelwe inoveli Pushkin uye isuswe iqale "I Tale of njani ukutshata Tsar Peter YamaSilamsi". indima ithawula kwi umboniso wadlala Vladimir Vysotsky.