Izithethe zobuqaba zamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu: inkcazo, imasiko, amasiko kunye namaqiniso anomdla

Ngaphambi kokubhaptizwa kukaRus, amaSlav aseMpuma ayekhonza unqulo lwabahedeni abaninzi. Unqulo lwabo kunye neenganekwane zashiya uphawu lwabo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. AmaSlav ayenemigangatho emininzi nemigangatho, ngokuthe ngandlela-thile axhamene neengxowa zamademoni okanye imimoya yokhokho.

Imbali yamaSlavic

Izithethe zamandulo zobuhedeni baseRashiya zangaphambi kobuKristu zineengcambu zonqulo. AmaSlav aseMpuma ayenayo i-pantheon yabo. Waquka unqulo oluninzi, oluqhelekileyo luchazwa njengemimoya enamandla yendalo. Amasiko, amasiko kunye namasiko aseSlav ahambelana neenkcubeko zezi zidalwa.

Omnye umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wemikhwa yabantu kwakukho ikhalenda. Izithethe zobuqaba zamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu zazihlala zihambelana nomhla othile. Kungaba yeholide okanye imini yokunqula omnye uthixo. Ikhalenda efana neyenziwe kwizizukulwana ezininzi. Kancinci, yaqala ukuhambelana nemijikelezo yezoqoqosho apho abahlali baseRussi bahlala khona.

Ngowe-988 uMkhulu uDuke uVladimir Svyatoslavovich wabhaptiza ilizwe lakhe, ngokuthe ngcembe abantu baqala ukulibala malunga nemikhosi yabo yobuhedeni. Ewe, le nkqubo yobuKristu yayihamba ngokungahambi ndawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu balwela ukholo lwabo lwangaphambili kunye nezixhobo ezandleni zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ngekhulu le-12 leminyaka ubuhedeni baba yinto eninzi yokuxhatshazwa kunye nokukhutshwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye iiholide zangaphambili kunye nemikhosi zakwazi ukuhambelana nobuKristu kwaye zithathe ifom entsha.

IgamaName

Yayiyiphi imidaniso yamahedeni kunye nemasiko kwaye banokunceda njani? AmaSlav abanikezela intsingiselo ebalulekileyo. AmaRites azungeze bonke abemi baseRashiya ubomi bakhe bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba beyiphi inzala.

Naliphi na umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa emva kokuzalwa kwakhe kwagqitywa ngesithethe sokuqamba igama. KwabeeNtlanga, ukukhetha indlela yokubiza umntwana wakho kubalulekile. Ngenxa yexesha elizayo lomntu lithembele, ngoko abazali banokuzimisela ngokukhetha ixesha elide. Le nkonzo yayinentsingiselo eyahlukileyo. Igama lisungula ubudlelwane bomntu nosapho lwakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho okunokwenzeka ukucacisa apho i-Slav ivela khona.

Iimfundiso zobuhedeni zamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu zazihlala zikholelwa ngokwenkolo. Ngako oko, ukutholwa kwegama laza kutshatyalaliswa kungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba komlumbi. La bahloli, ngokweenkolelo zeSlav, banokuthetha kunye nemimoya. Nguye owamisela ukhetho lwabazali, njengokungathi "ulungelelanisa" kunye noothixo bamahedeni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, igama le-nun ekugqibeleni lenza umntwana osanda kuzalwa ozinikele kwi-Old Slavic ukholo.

Ukudibanisa

Ukuqamba igama yinto yokuqala yokunyanzeliswa, apho yonke ilungu leSlavic lidlula. Kodwa le masiko yayikude neyokugqibela kwaye ayiyiyo yodwa. Ziziphi izithethe zobuhedeni zamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu? Ukukubeka ngokufutshane, kuba bebonke basekelwe kwiinkolelo zonqulo, kwakukho olunye uhlanga olwamvumela umntu ukuba abuyele elukholweni lwakhe lokholo. Iimbali-mlando zembali zibiza ukuwela.

Enyanisweni, amaSlav aye nethuba lokushiya ubuKristu aze abuyele kwinkolo yooyise. Ukuze kuhlambuluke ukholo lwangaphandle, kwakufuneka ukuba uye etempileni. Leli gama liyinxalenye yetempile yobuhedeni, ejoliswe kwisithethe. Ezi ndawo zafihlakele kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu zaseRashiya okanye ezinqabeni ezincinci kwi-belppe belt. Kwakukholelwa ukuba apha, kude nempucuko kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezinkulu, ukuxhunywa kweMagi kunye noothixo bunamandla ngakumbi.

Indoda eyayifuna ukulahla ukholo olutsha lwamaGrike lwangaphandle lwalufanele lenze amangqina amathathu naye. Oku kwakufuneka yimasiko yobuhedeni yamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu. I-6 kwibanga esikolweni, ngokwemigangatho yemigangatho, iiphononongo ezingaphezulu kwezinto ezikhoyo zeso sihlandlo. U-Slav waguqa, kwaye umlumbi wabuyela isipelingi-isikhalazo kwimimoya noothixo abanesicelo sokususa umntu owonayo. Ekupheleni komcimbi, kwakudingeka ukuba udide kumlambo osondeleyo (okanye uye kwindawo yokuhlambela) ukugqiba isithethe ngokuphathelele yonke imigaqo. Lawa kwakuyizithethe kunye nemikhuba yelo xesha. Ukholo lobuhedeni, imimoya, indawo engcwele - konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke iSlav. Ngako oko, ukuwela kwaye kwavela rhoqo kwii-10 ze-11. Emva koko abantu baqhankqalaza ngokumelene nomgaqo-nkqubo waseburhulumenteni we-Kyiv ojoliswe ekutshintsheni ubuhedeni kunye nobuKristu bama-Orthodox.

Umtshato

KwiSlav zasendulo eRashiya, umtshato wawuthathwa njengesiganeko ekugqibeleni saqinisekisa ukungena kwentombazana okanye intombazana ukuba ikhulile. Ukongezelela, ubomi obungenamntwana babungumqondiso wokungaphantsi, kuba kulo mzekelo indoda okanye ibhinqa ayizange iqhubeke nohlobo lwayo. Kwizihlobo ezinjalo abadala baphathwe ngokugwetywa.

Izithethe zobuhedeni zamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu zahlukahlukileyo kwiinkcukacha ngokuxhomekeke kummandla kunye nokusebenzisana kwezizwe. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into ebalulekileyo yomtshato yayiyiingoma. Baye babulawa ngqo phantsi kweefestile zendlu, apho abasanda kutshata babefanele baqale ukuhlala. Kwitheyibhi yokutya, kwakufuneka kube nemiqulu, amaqebelengwane, amaqanda, ubhiya kunye newayini. Ukuphathwa ngokuphambili kwakuyisonka somtshato, apho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakuphawu lobuninzi kunye nobutyebi beentsapho ezizayo. Ngoko ke, bhaka ngezinga elikhethekileyo. Umcimbi omtshato omde waqala ngokumakisha. Ekugqibeleni, umyeni makahlawulise uyise womtshakazi njengentlawulelo.

Ukunyuka kwezindlu

Yonke intsapho yaselula yafudukela endlwini yayo. Ukukhethwa kwezindlu zeSlav zasendulo kwakuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo. Iingcamango zoloo mihla zazibandakanya izidalwa ezimbi ezingasonakalisa indlu. Ngoko ke, indawo yendlu yanyulwa ngokunyamekela. Kule nto, ukusetyenziswa kwemilingo kwasetyenziswa. Isiqhelo sonke singabizwa njengesithethe sokuqhawula indlu, ngaphandle kokuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sicinge ngokuqala kobomi obusondeleyo bentsapho esanda kubonakala.

Inkcubeko yobuKristu kunye nezithethe zobuhedeni zakwaRus ziye zadityanelana ngokugqithisileyo. Ngako oko, sinokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ezinye zeemfundiso zamandulo zenzeka kumaaphondo nakumaPhondo ukuya kwiXIXX. Kwakukho iindlela ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ukuba isayithi ifanelekile ukwakha indlu. Iyakushiya ibhokhwe ngesicabangca ngaphakathi ebusuku. Ukuba i-arthropod yayiyi-spider web, loo ndawo yayifanelekile. Kwakhona ukhuseleko luhlolwe ngoncedo lweenkomo. Oku kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Isilwanyana sakhishwa kwisiqephu esikhulu. Indawo apho inkomo yayilele khona, kwaye yayichulumancisa kwindlu entsha.

UColoring

AmaSlav aye neqela elithile elibizwa ngokuba yi-ritual roundites. Eyona edume kakhulu kunazo zonke yayidla. Esi siko sasiqhutywa rhoqo ngonyaka kunye nokuqala komjikelo wonyaka wonyaka. Ezinye iiholide zamahedeni zamaSlav ( iiholide zaseSlavic eRashiya) zazibonela ukuguqulwa kwelizwe lobuKristu. Kwakhona kwakunjalo. Yagcina ezininzi iimpawu zomkhosi wamaqaba wobuhedeni, nangona waqala ukuhambelana no-Eva weKrisimesi uEva.

Kodwa nangona amaSlav a mandulo ayenomkhuba ngalolu suku ukuqokelela kumaqela amancinci, eqala ukugqithisa ukuhlala kwawo ekufuneni izipho. Kwimibutho enjalo, njengomthetho, abantu abatsha kuphela abathatha inxaxheba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakukho umthendeleko wokuzonwabisa. Kolyadovshchiki yadilsya kwi-skimoroshnye i-suits kwaye yagqitha izindlu ezakhelene nabo, evakalisa abanini malunga neeholide ezayo yokuzalwa kwelanga. Lo mzekeliso ubonisa ukuphela komjikelezo wonyaka wonyaka. Izilwanyana eziqhelekileyo okanye iingubo eziqhelekileyo zenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo.

IBalinov Bridge

Isihluthulelo senkcubeko yamahedeni yayingumngcwabo wokungcwaba. Wawugqiba ubomi bomhlaba bomntu, kwaye izalamane zakhe, ngoko, zatsho kumntu oshonile. Ngokuxhomekeka kummandla, isitshixo somngcwabo weSlav siyahluka. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntu wangcwatyelwa ebhokisini, apho, ngaphandle komzimba, izinto zomntu zomntu zafa zafakwa ukuze zikwazi ukumkhonza emva kokufa. Nangona kunjalo, kwimibutho yezizwe zaseKrivich neViatich, ngokuchaseneyo, ukutshiswa komzimba kwabafayo kwisibonda kwakusasazeke.

Inkcubeko yamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu yayisekelwe kwizifundo ezininzi zamathambo. Ngokomzekelo, umngcwabo wawugcinwe ngokweenkolelo malunga neKalinov Bridge (okanye i-Star Bridge). Kwimbali yamaSlavic , indlela evela kwihlabathi labaphilayo ukuya kwihlabathi labafileyo labizwa ngokuba yintoni, owawuswele umphefumlo womntu emva kokufa kwakhe. Ibhuloho yaba yinto engenakunceda ababulali, izigebengu, abakhohlisi kunye nabadlwenguli.

Umngcwabo wangomngcwabo wahamba ngendlela ende, owawufanekisela uhambo lomphefumlo oza kufakwa kwihlabathi elizayo. Emva koko umzimba wafakwa ekutshoneni. Lo kwakubizwa negama lomngcwabo. Wayegqityiwe ngamasebe kunye neengca. Umfi wayegqoke izambatho ezimhlophe. Ukongeza kuyo, izipho ezahlukeneyo, kuquka izitya zomngcwabo, zatshiswa. Umzimba kufuneka ukuba ulele emilenzeni ngasentshonalanga. Umlilo wawushiswe ngumbingeleli okanye umdala wentsapho.

Trisna

Ukuphulaphula, yayiyiphi imvelaphi yobuhedeni e-Russia yangaphambi kobuKristu, asikwazi ukushiya ukukhankanya i-triune. Eli lalingumgama wengxenye yesibini yomngcwabo. Kwakunomthendeleko womngcwabo, uhamba kunye nemidanso, imidlalo kunye nemincintiswano. Kwakhona, imibingelelo kunye nemithandazo yokuqokelela imimoya yokhokho yayenziwa. Banceda ukufumana induduzo yabasindileyo.

Ingqungquthela yayingumngcipheko kwimeko yengcwaba yamajoni awakhusela amazwe abo azalwa kwiintshaba nakwamanye amazwe. Amasiko amaninzi angaphambi kwamaKristu eSlavic, amasiko kunye namasiko ayesekelwe kwihlelo lobukhosi. Ngenxa yoko, amajoni ayavuya kule ndawo yobuhedeni inhlonipho ekhethekileyo kubo bonke abahlali abaqhelekileyo kunye nabasemagqirha, abanokuthetha kunye nemimoya yokhokho. Ngethuba leentlonelo ezintathu kunye neenkwenkwezi zenkalipho.

U kuhlenga

I-Slavonic Old Age-telling yayininzi kwaye yayininzi. Inkcubeko yobuKristu kunye nezithethe zobuhedeni, ezixutywe kwii-X-XI iinkulungwane, zishiye namhlanje iinkonzo ezininzi kunye namasiko alo hlobo. Kodwa ngelo xesha, ezininzi izivumo zabemi baseRussi zalahleka kwaye zilibalekile. Abanye babo basindiswa kwimemori yesizwe ngenxa yomsebenzi oqingqiweyo wabantu abadumileyo kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo.

Ukuhlanjululwa kwakusekelwe ekuhlonelweni kweSlav yehlabathi elijongene nemvelo - imithi, amatye, amanzi, umlilo, imvula, ilanga, umoya, njl. Ezinye iinkqubo ezifanayo ezifunekayo ukuze zifunde ikusasa labo zaqhutshwa njengesibheno kwimimoya yabasekho. Yakha ngokukhawuleza ikhalenda ekhethekileyo yaseSlavic, ngokusekelwe kwimijikelezo yendalo, eyayihlolwe xa kulungele ukuqikelela.

Imizila yobuqili yayimfuneko ukufumana ukuba impilo yezihlobo iza kuba yintoni, ukuvuna, inzala yemfuyo, inhlalakahle, njl. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo yayikuvumisa ngomtshato kunye nomyeni okanye umtshakazi ozayo. Ukuze kwenziwe loo masiko, amaSlav aye kunyuka kwiindawo ezizithulu kunye nezingenakuxhatshazwa - izindlu ezishiyiweyo, amahlathi, amahlathi, njl. Yenziwa ngenxa yokuba kwakukho imimoya ehlala kuyo, kwaye baqonda ikusasa.

Ngobusuku eIvan Kupala

Ngenxa yeemvelaphi zeemvelaphi ezingaphelelanga zelo xesha, izithethe zobuhedeni zamaRashiya angaphambi kobuKristu, ngokufutshane, azifundanga. Ngaphezu koko, namhlanje baye baba ngumhlaba obalaseleyo wokucingela kunye "nophando" oluphantsi koomabhali abahlukeneyo. Kodwa kukho ukungafani kulo mgaqo. Omnye wabo ngumthendeleko wobusuku ku-Ivan Kupala.

Lo mbhiyozo wesizwe wawunomhla othe ngqo-Juni 24. Le mini (ngokuchanekileyo, ubusuku) ihambelana ne-summer solstice-ixesha elifutshane xa usuku lokukhanya lufikelela kwingxelo yonyaka yobude bayo. Ukuqonda oko u-Ivan Kupala ayekuthethayo ngamaSlav, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba iziphi ubuhedeni zazingekho kwi-Russia yangaphambili. Inkcazo yale holide ifumaneka kuma-annals amaninzi (umzekelo, eGustynska).

Iholide yaqala ngento yokuba imingcwabo yayilungisiwe, eyaba yimibingelelo ekukhunjweni kookhokho ababehamba. Enye into ebalulekileyo yobusuku yayibhukuda emlanjeni okanye echibini, apho ulutsha lwasekuhlaleni lwathatha inxaxheba. Kwakukholelwa ukuba ngemihla ka-Ivan amanzi afumana amandla omlingo nokuphilisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa imithombo engcwele yokuhlamba. Oku bekubangelwa kukuba, ngokweenkolelo zeSlav zasendulo, ezinye iziqhelo kwiimilambo eziqhelekileyo zahlanjululwa ziintlanzi kunye nemimoya emibi, ilungele nanoma yimuphi umzuzu ukudonsa umntu phantsi.

Ubusuku obuphambili bobusuku be-Kupala bekuyi-roasting ye-bonfire. Bonke abaselula basemaphandleni babuthela umlilo ngokuhlwa ukuze i-fuel igcine kude kube kusasa. Ukujikeleza komlilo, iintambo zenzeke, zaza zahamba. Ngokutsho kweenkolelo, lo mlilo wawungelula, kodwa uhlambulukile kwimimoya emibi. Kusondele emlilweni bonke abafazi bebefanele batyelele. Abo bazange bafike emthendelekweni kwaye abazange bathathe inxaxheba kwisithethe babebhekwa njengabathakathi.

Ubusuku bukaKupala abukwazanga ukucingelwa ngaphandle kwemveli. Ngokuqala kweeholide, uluntu luye lwaphakamisa ukuvalwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ukubhiyozela abantu abaselula banokubamba izinto ngokungenakutyala emagcekeni angaphandle, bazise kwiidolophana zabo okanye baphonsa phezu kwephahla. Kwizitratato zakhiwe iinqabana zemihla ngemihla, ezithintela bonke abemi. Abaselula baphenduka iinqwelo, ii-chimneys ezigxiliweyo, njl. Ngokwezithethe zeso sihlandlo, ukuziphatha okunjalo kwakubonisa ukuzonwabisa kwemimoya emibi. Izibhengezo zifakwe kuphela ngobusuku obunye. Ekupheleni kweeholide, uluntu lubuyele kumgangatho oqhelekileyo wobomi.