Kuban Abantu Republic: imbali, amalungiselelo intsimi

Enye ugqaliselo ziqaqamba kweMfazwe Civil kwi-South weRashiya yaba nokudalwa kwiriphabliki abantu abazimeleyo, emdeni ka Kuban nokulawulwa zayo zombini kwiBolsheviks kunye White Guard umkhosi abangamavolontiya, apho wazama ukuba phantsi kolawulo lwakhe. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela iziganeko zenzeka eli bali ngokupheleleyo ezinkulu wamxelela kwinqaku lethu.

Territory, indwe kunye ingubo iingalo kwiriphabliki elalisandul 'ukusekwa

Ummandla Kuban Abantu Republic, kuvakaliswe ngoFebruwari 1918, iye ebanzi kakhulu kwaye zaba ku 94400 km². Oku obabuqala Yeisk ichweba (Bay of the Sea Azov) ukuya emantla engundoqo eCaucasus uluhlu entabeni ukuya ezantsi. Inxalenye ntshona kokuba ifike Kerch Strait kunye nempuma lufika kwiphondo Sea Black, iziko kwawo Novorossiysk.

Flag Kuban imele lenjongo ezahlulwe sisithuba oluhlaza oxwesileyo, ngokungqombela namanxeba eluhlaza, kunye ububanzi zephetshana udibaniso yaba izihlandlo ezibini mkhulu ngokugqithileyo. Ixabiso lombala nganye ayikalungiswa vhidiyo, kodwa Kucingelwa ukuba lwalubonisa elibomvu ye-Black Sea Cossacks - inzala ka Cossacks, oluhlaza - iindlalifa Don Cossacks, kwaye eluhlaza - i Cossacks, ezibe mountaineers Muslim. Ukuba republic kunye ingubo yayo ingalo, ifoto apho ifakwa nqaku.

Yintoni na le Republic Kuban yaBantu?

Uyilo lwangaphakathi karhulumente self-wavakalisa na isakhiwo eya intloko ataman na ngexesha umphathi imikhosi esifanayo exhobileyo. imbopheleleko yalo yayibheke ukuqeshwa kwamalungu karhulumente, yena wonyulwa ixesha leminyaka 4 Kuban rada emphethweni, leyo kunye nendlu yowiso-mthetho Kuban rada na umzimba ephakamileyo lowiso karhulumente wemfundo.

Kuban Abantu Republic ngo-1918 kumafa yayo wezepolitiki owahlukeneyo kunene, kunye isambuku labemi elinawo maqela mabini kakhulu ezininzi. Omnye wabo, kwezoqoqosho namandla, wabizwa ngokuba "Chernomorets" kwaye kwa- abameli kuLwandle Black Ukrainian abathetha Cossacks emi phezu kwimigaqo obuzimele. Chernomortsy ebizwa ngokuba ekudaleni ozimeleyo, Kuban State emanyeneyo kunye Ukraine kwimigaqo yase.

Abaxhasi iqela lesibini lezopolitiko, ebizwa ngokuba "Lineytsev" ibikhuthaza kokungena Kuban kwi "omnye yaye ayahlukahlukenanga eRashiya." Kulo lonke eli xesha, xa kwakukho Kuban Abantu Republic (1918-1920 gg.) Phakathi zezepolitiki lalwa ekunzima, ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha uhlobo elibukhali kakhulu. wokuphuthuma Special kuye kukusekwa kwe-Kuban yamaBolshevik urhulumente.

Ukhetho hola nkqubo

Ngowe-1918, i-Kuban Abantu Republic, ngokunjalo nommandla wayo olingqongileyo waba yinxalenye yenkqubo jikelele utshintshelo lolawulo esandleni kwiBolsheviks, lowo inkxaso kwiphondo Sea Black, kolawulo apho Kusekwe ekuqaleni kuDisemba 1917.

Njani ubungqina ngempumelelo imigudu kwiBolsheviks kummandla Kuban, wawuxhomekeke apho icala aya kuba Cossacks zasekuhlaleni, nto leyo kuyo ngelo xesha salinda kwaye musa ukuvakalisa inkxaso ukuvula kubo okanye utshaba zazo eziphambili - i-White Njengevolontiya Army, leyo walwa kumazantsi eRashiya.

Ebangela, rebounding ukusuka Cossacks ngurhulumente omtsha

Kodwa ukuwa ka-1918 kwafika utshintsho olubalulekileyo sengqondo Cossacks. Isizathu yakhe ezichasene zabo imigaqo lukho kwiBolsheviks kwi ez kolawulo lwabo. Kuye kuchazwe kokuthathwa ilizwe elo owayesakuba Cossack Army, kwakunye nokuhlengahlengiswa neziseko zomhlaba welifa, yaba isithethe elide.

Uqhankqalazo isusa kunye namalungelo alinganayo le Cossacks kunye zomaleko eziseleyo kuluntu lommandla. Oku kwakhokelela ukuba okukhuthaza intiyo mezhsoslovnoy ngokufuthi akasukanga kwingxabano wamagazi. Ekugqibeleni, indima egwebayo ekukhetheni mayidlalwe iziganeko ukwanda wabaphangi kunye nokuphanga obenziwe kweeyunithi ze-Red Army, yaye yabamba inkokheli yamaBolshevik usebenza Decossackization, okt ukuhluthwa i Cossacks ngamalungelo abo ezopolitiko kunye nabezomkhosi.

Ukuqala umzabalazo kunye iiBolsheviks

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa ekwindla ka-1918, uninzi Cossacks baba abachasi yorhulumente omtsha, yaye phantse zonke Kuban Peoples Republic wazimanya intshukumo anti-yamaBolshevik. Kule meko, i Kuban yengingqi Symbol, yaye, ke ngoko, niliphulaphule umkhosi wakhe wazama lizuze ezimbini anti-yamaBolshevik, kodwa enze ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye imikhosi yamajoni kunye ezopolitiko - iinkokheli kummandla Don Cossacks kunye norhulumente Ukrainian. ukhuphiswano enjalo nqanda inyathelo elidityanelweyo, buthathaka kuphela uxhathiso lulonke kwiiyunithi phambili ye-Red Army kunye ingxabano kwi intshukumo anti-ye'Bolshevik.

Ngo-Agasti 1918, emva kokuba ngoloyiso kwimvukelo oluqale e Taman elikhokelwa Colonel PS Peretyatko, wakwazi ukuba akhulule iiBolsheviks zonke kodonga lasekunene Kuban kunye nokudala apho inqaba oluthembekileyo ngenxa lohlaselo ye Lamatsha Army. Ngenxa ukufunyanwa kwamathuba amatsha, iiyunithi yayo phambili yabe i-17 Agasti Ekaterinodar.

isigqibo

Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kubomi kwiriphabliki Kwabanjwa nje phambi kwentlanganiso karhulumente. On kwagqitywa, ngokungqinelana ne apho Kuban Peoples Republic waqhubeka anti-yamaBolshevik somzabalazo umfela ndawonye we Njengevolontiya Army of the Don, kunokuba kunye Ukraine.

Njengoko kanti kamva ukhetho iye yabangela iingxabano ezininzi izinto ezingangqinelaniyo eziye zavela phakathi kweenkokeli Kuban kunye White Guard Command. umahluko eyinqobo walala isibakala sokuba abantu Don, ucinga Kuban njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye eRashiya, wafuna ukuba anciphise amagunya karhulumente kunye ngaphantsi kwalo iNtloko Ataman athethwe yingqwayi-Don nempi Gen. AI Denikin (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi).

Kuban, yena, abathi ukulingana ekusombululeni le miba ibalulekileyo emkhosini kunye nezopolitiko. Ngaphezu koko, izenzo zabo kwabangela ukunganeliseki buqu Denikin, ngubani wayithimba umthetho ukuba bangenele kwimicimbi yangaphakathi mimandla Cossack zemifanekiso izisombululo zazo. Ngenxa yoko, phantse wayakha umfelandawonye kungekudala waqalisa uqhawuke.

Le ulwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo yaba neziphumo ezibi

Le ikhefu yokugqibela phakathi namahlakani izolo emva isiganeko esenzeka Juni 19, 1919 kwi nkomfa South Russian zihlangene ngo Rostov yokusekwa omnye phambi anti-ye'Bolshevik weza. Ngaloo mini, N. Riabovol kwintloko yorhulumente Kuban, wadutyulwa ofileyo emva kokuba ugxeke Denikin. umbulali yakhe ilungu yenkokheli Lamatsha Army.

Olu lwaphulo-mthetho kuye kwabangela nobudenge phakathi kweengqimba ezibanzi abahlala Kuban. Cossacks Ngubani ziye zadityaniswa phambi ndakukhupha zamavolontiya Army wamisela ukuba ngelo xesha 68.7% ngabasebenzi bayo, waqala endle ukuba emke emideni yabo. Le nkqubo waya kakhulu kangangokuba emva kweenyanga ezi-3 imikhosi Denikin lukaThixo abe ngaphantsi kwe-10%.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Army NjengeVolontiya zantsi eRashiya, kunye Kuban-Peoples Republic ubunzima umonakalo ezibalulekileyo buthathaka amandla yayo yokulwa. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba sesinye sezizathu ngokoyiswa intshukumo White.

Lilinge lokugqibela ukuba ndimaphule deadlock yangoku

Ekwindla yokuqala ka-1919 Kuban Abantu Republic, imbali nto leyo iza kugqitywa, uye wavakalisa njengeentshaba kungekuphela iiBolsheviks, kodwa abavikeli ukumkani, apho wafumana inkxaso wokuzithandela Don White intshukumo.

Ngelo xesha linye zamasekela ezilungileyo zeMimandla ithabathe ukukhuthaza ukuba kusungulwe i Kuban Russia. Ekupheleni konyaka omnye ezama ukuba ndibhenele umbutho omtsha wadala of Nations kwenziwa isicelo Kuban Peoples Republic kumafa yayo phezu amalungelo njengequmrhu elizimeleyo.

Ukuze komelezwe amandla yayo yamajoni ulawulo Kuban wenza umfelandawonye zomkhosi Mountain Republic - karhulumente, kuvakaliswe 1917 ngomhla kummandla kwingingqi Terek, ikomkhulu ogama Vladikavkaz. Isiphumo soku nyathelo waba okubi ngakumbi xa neentlobano zokwazana myalelo imikhosi exhobileyo yoMzantsi Russia njengoko Army zamavolontiya ke ngelo xesha besilwa Cossack Army Mountain Republic.

Ukuwa Kuban yaBantu Republic

Kuphele ukuba nenzondo yabo macala kunye namabango kulongamo kulo mmandla mkhulu libekiwe kwangaphambili oluBomvu Army 1920, wabizwa ukuba phakathi imikhosi Denikin kaThixo ukweqa abaninzi. Commander e Chief wazama ukuthintela oku ethumela wokuzibhubhisa Cossack iilali, umsebenzi ogama ukuze bambambise ngamazwi, ze ubuyele umkhosi zashiya ngabom kwayo. Noko ke, uye wenza umsindo okukhulu Kuban ngokunxulumene yena kunye nemikhosi yakhe. Ngeli xesha, Cossacks ezininzi eyeke oluBomvu Army.

Ekubulaleni lokugqibela imikhosi anti-yamaBolshevik kwi Kuban kwaye i Don Army Region zabanjwa ngoMatshi 1920. Ke Red Army egcinwe ukusebenza kwayo edumileyo Kuban-Novorossiysk. Ukushiya ummangali Ekaterinodar Njengevolontiya lweSizwe lweMedia, kunye nomkhosi Kuban, ukucinezwelwa nomda yaseGeorgia, ngoMeyi 3, bayishiya.

Nangona into yokuba kungekudala Kuban yaqukwa kwi RSFSR, ngezenzo ngamanye Cossacks namagunya amatsha kwaqhubeka de-1925 ngethemba lokuba Kuban Peoples Republic nga uzalwe kwakhona. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba, ngokuba yonke iminyaka elandelayo, kude ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kwingingqi Kuban kunye ukhohlakale ikakhulu wobunzima ingcinezelo aze Decossackization kunye ukuhluthwa elabangela indlala, leyo owabulala amawaka abantu.