Ubulembu ibithuthwa: abameli, ingakumbi isakhiwo nentlangano

Enamagqabi ubulembu, abameli, iifoto kunye neempawu ubume eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, thelekisa kwi izityalo ibihlungu ephakamileyo. Ezi eziphilayo yamandulo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiqweqwe iplanethi yethu.

ubulembu ibithuthwa: inkcazelo yenkqubo yeqela

Ezi zityalo liphezulu. Ezi abafuduki ukuya ezweni kuqala, ngoko ngethuba kuphuhliso kule ndawo entsha kufuneka bavele iimpawu ezintsha. Okokuqala, ukuba isakhiwo yegqabi kunye nobukho ancedisana mechanical kunye conductive. iimpawu ezinjalo negalelo kwindlela ngobuchule photosynthesis. ubulembu ibithuthwa, ogama nesakhiwo kakhulu nzima xa kuthelekiswa lona lisiza babe rhizoids endaweni kweengcambu. Oku yimfanelo "ilifa" kuyo izityalo asezantsi.

Ukwahluka of bryophytes

Le awohluke inxalenye eriyeli ye ubulembu isakhiwo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: sloevischnye kunye eluhlaza. A ummeli awayedla yokuqala yezi polymorpha Marchantia. Le lomzimveliso branched thallus umbala dichotomous emnyama eliluhlaza kunye iingobozi amantshontsho. ubulembu ibithuthwa zixhaphake kakhulu indalo. Umzekelo yabo neflakisi Kukushkin, ekwabizwa ngokuba politrila zesiqhelo. nabo bonke (white) ubulembu sphagnum branched yokuphuma.

Yintoni na umjikelo wobomi

ubulembu ibithuthwa - Perennials. Ekuhambeni ubomi babo kukho alternation ocacileyo ngezizukulwana. Lo ngumongo babo ubomi. Zombini izizukulwana azikho iimpawu kuphela isakhiwo sangaphandle, kodwa indlela yokuzala. Olu phawu uphawu ubomi onke amalungu izityalo ibihlungu ephakamileyo. Kwaye yefeni, horsetails kunye moss kumjikelo wobomi alawulwa sporophyte, kwaye mossy - sizukulwana ngokwesondo.

gametophyte

ubulembu ibithuthwa, abameli zazo ziboniswa kwicala photo, sasidla kubona njenge kwikhaphethi eliluhlaza oluqhubekayo. Oku zizityalo isizukulwana ngokwesini. Xa sijonga zangqamana kakhulu, ungabona ukuba iquka stem encinane sessile amancinane ushiya uhlobo yomgama. Njengabo bonke ubulembu, ziye zincamathele kwi rhizoids zeendawana. On Amahlumelo moss gametangia kwasekwa apho kwasekwa iiseli lwegciwane. Phambi yamanzi hlanganisa, kusekwe isizukulwana maqanda moss - sporophyte.

sporophyte

Isizukulwana maqanda moss eluhlaza ekhula kwi gametophyte. It has ukubonakala umlenze ocoliweyo, apho ikhoyo ibhokisi. Ngaphakathi uqala imbewu - iiseli yokuzala maqanda. Xa bhokisi livulekile, baya kuwa emhlabeni, kuntshula ze-kwakhona zenze gametophyte, apho ixhaphake kumjikelo wobomi izityalo mossy. Isizukulwana ngokwesondo Eminye yakha elilodwa, lwahlulwe yi meiosis kunye nefomu sikuyo. Kwaye njalo, umjikelo wobomi lwenziwa kwakhona. Sporophyte angakwazi yokondla ozimeleyo, njengoko azinamgaqo yiklorofili kwizisele zabo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ifakelelwe ibithuthwa gametophyte, ngeendleko apho ixhaswe. ezi ezizukulwaneni bahluka chromosome elimisiweyo. Xa diploid sporophyte kuyo. Kodwa sizukulwana zesini iqela elilodwa, njengoko iiseli ntsholongwane ngexesha lokusekwa udityaniso elilodwa.

ubulembu ibithuthwa: indawo yokuhlala

Ubulembu kuhlala kwiindawo ezimanzi. Oku akukho ngozi. Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo gamete fusion ezi zityalo kwenzeka kuphela ngoncedo kwamanzi. amahlathi Imvula, iintaba, nemiqolomba, imigxobhozo, imithi, uphahla, emagumbini emanzi osicaba, neendonga mnyama zezindlu ... ubulembu Sendisicwaba zonke ezi zokuhlala. Ezi izityalo ukufunxa ngokugqibeleleyo nokugcina amanzi. Ngoko ke, imbonakalo yabo nendalo ubonisa indawo zokuxinana kwamanzi. Ukunaba Moss kubuhlungu kakhulu modem ukunciphisa isixa ukufuma. Xa ukungabikho kwalo ziya koma gama kugcinwe nempumelelo. Xa ukufuma eziqhelekileyo, anciphisa bonke abasindileyo, kwaye kwakhona abuyele ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ngenxa kule ubuchule ubulembu enamagqabi ezi ukuziqhelanisa ngakumbi iimeko zokusingqongileyo ukutshintsha. yenkohlakalo yabo negalelo ekubeni abadli izilwanyana, musa umonakalo iintsholongwane nomngundo. Oku kungenxa ngamanzi anciphisa izinto eziyityhefu kunye radioactive.

ubulembu meaning

Listostebelnye ubulembu becala sphagnum, kudlala indima enkulu ekubunjweni zokuxinana kwamanzi kunye umgquba, nto leyo izimbiwa yezibaso ezixabisekileyo, isichumiso yekrwada nemveliso utywala, iiplastiki, acetic acid, naphthalene, kwakunye izinto zokwambathisa eziphathekayo. Inkqubo lokusekwa osisiqu zethuba ngokwaneleyo elide 1 cm umgquba abunjwe kangangoko engama-10. Ukufunxa ukufuma, ubulembu enamagqabi na nabalawuli eseleyo wamanzi emhlabeni, awukhusele kukhukuliseko. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elifanayo ukusasazeka nonyebeleziso ubulembu mandundu kwananwe ngayo igesi. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo musa ukufumana ioksijini, kufa, inkqubo yazo ukubola iqala.

Ngoko ke, ubulembu enamagqabi - abameli ezona zininzi zesebe, apho uninzi malilungiselelwe utshintsho iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Bona bayakwazi ukufunxa ukufuma abasindileyo ngapha umphezulu, ukugcina nto ixesha elide. Kumjikelo wobomi ezi zityalo ilawulwa gametophyte. It iphuhlisa sizukulwana maqanda, apho iphinde izivelise kwakhona ngokusebenzisa sikuyo.