Amaqela ezityalo zezityalo: imizekelo

Zonke izityalo zihlukeneyo, zikhula ngokubanzi kwiiplanethi yonke nakwiyiphi na imeko. Yaye kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwiintlobo ezithile, zihlangene kwiindawo zemvelo zezityalo.

Yintoni na?

Amaqela ezityalo ezityalo ziqokelela iintlobo ezibonakaliswa neemfuno ezifanayo ngokukhulu kunoma yimuphi umzekelo, umzekelo, ukunyuka, ukukhanya, njl. Ukongezelela, izityalo zeqela elithile zinempawu ezithile eziqhelekileyo ezavela ngexesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwinkqubo yokulungelelaniswa kwendalo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zendawo yangaphandle. Ngako oko, izityalo zamaqela ahlukeneyo angakwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi.

Imida ebekhona phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo kunokuba yenzeke.

Ziziphi iindawo zemvelo zezityalo ezikhoyo?

Zonke izityalo ziye zahlulwa ngamaqela afana nawo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno yolu okanye loo nto.

Ngoko, ukwahlula kwezityalo kwiindawo zemvelo kusekelwe kwiimfuno zabo:

• KuKhanya;
• Uthutho;
• Iqondo lokushisa elithile;
• Trophicity yomhlaba;
• Ubungakanani bomhlaba;
• Ukuncedisa umhlaba.

Ngokomgaqo ofanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izityalo zasendle kuphela , kodwa zihlukanisa amaqela ezendalo kunye nezityalo zangaphakathi. Umgaqo uya kuba yinto efanayo. Ukongeza, ukwazi ukuba yiliphi iqela le ntyatyambo, ungamnika unonophelo olufanelekileyo.

Iiqela eziphambili zezityalo zezityalo ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuno yokunyusa

Ngokwale nkalo yezinto eziphilayo , amaqela amathathu ezityalo angahlukana:

• Hydrophytes;
• Mesophytes;
• Xerophytes.

I-Hydrophytes yizityalo ezikhula emanzini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zikhula kumaziko amanzi amatsha, kodwa ziyakwenzeka nakwi-saline.

Leli qela lezinto eziphilayo liquka izityalo ezinjengomdaka, irayisi, umhlanga, i-sedge, i-headhead, njl.

Iqela elithile elihlukeneyo lezityalo zasemanzini lingaqatshelwa i-gilatophytes. Bayabameli beeflora, ezinamaqabunga obuthathaka, ngoko abanako ukukhula ngaphandle kwendalo. Inxalenye ephambili yeso sityalo (amaqabunga kunye neentyantyambo) esezantsi kwendawo yamanzi kwaye igcinwa ngamanzi. I-Gilathophytes iquka iindla zamanzi, ii-lotus, imibala yamanzi, njl.

I-Mesophytes zizityalo ezikhetha ukunyusa okuphakathi. Ezi ziquka phantse zonke izityalo ezaziwa ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa nalawo ahlala esakhula kwiintsimi kunye negadi.

I-Xerophytes ngabameli beeflora, eziye zahlengahlengiswa ukuba zibe khona kwindawo eomileyo. Ezi ziquka ingqolowa yengqolowa, i-sandstone, kunye ne-cacti, kuquka ngaphakathi.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisidingo sokukhanya

Ngalo mgaqo, unokwahlula izityalo zibe ngamaqela amathathu:

• Heliophytes;
• Siogeliophytes;
• Sociophytes.

Iyokuqala zezityalo ezifuna ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

I-Sciogeliophytes iyakwazi ukunyamezela isithunzi, kodwa iphinda ikhule kakuhle kwiindawo ezikhanyayo. Phakathi kwezityalo zangaphakathi zolu hlobo zingabelwa i-monster. Phakathi kwe-wild-growing-willow, birch, aspen. Izityalo ezilinywayo kweli qela ziyi-turnip, isithombo, i-parsley, i-mint, i-lemon balm, ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, i-asparagus, i-lettuce, i-rhubarb, i-sorrel.

I-Ssiophytes zizityalo zothando. Abayi kukhula kakuhle ekukhanyeni okukhulu. Ezi ziquka zonke i-algae, kunye ne-mosses, i-lichens, i-plains, i-ferns.

Amaqela ezendalo ngokuxhomekeka kubushushu obufunekayo

Kukho amaqela amane ezityalo:

• Geokistothermophytes;
• Microthermophytes;
• Mesothermophytes;
• Megothermophytes.

Iyokuqala isityalo esinqabileyo kakhulu. Zikhula kwinxalenye esemantla yomhlaba.

I-Microthermophytes ngabameli beeflethi ezinokukwazi ukunyamezela iibanda ezinzulu, kodwa zingabi ziqhwala.

Ama-mesothermophytes athanda ukufudumala, kwaye i-megothermophytes iyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu.

Ukuxhomekeka kumgangatho womhlaba

Apha, amaqela ezityalo zemvelo ayahlukana ngezinto ezintathu.

Eyokuqala yi-trophicity yomhlaba. Oku kukuhlanganiswa komhlaba kunye nezondlo, kunye ne-macro-microelements. Ngokwale nkalo, izityalo zihlukaniswe ngama-oligotrophs, i-mesotrophs, i-eutrophs. I-oligotrofu inokukhula kwimihlaba embi, i-mesotrophs ikhetha ngokuchuma, kwaye i-eutrofu ikhula kuphela kwi-chernozems kunye nezinye iintlobo zemithombo enobuchule obuphezulu.

Ngokuxhomekeke kubuncwane bomhlaba abakhulayo, izityalo zihlulwe ngamaqela amabini: i-halophytes kunye ne-glycophytes. Abangaphambili bangakwazi ukunyamezela umgangatho wobuncwane bomhlaba, ngelixa ezi zinto zingezantsi.

Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho we-pH womhlaba, izityalo ziye zahlulwa ngamacandelo amathathu: i-neutrophytes, i-acidophyte kunye ne-basophyte. Abo baqala ukukhetha umhlaba nge-pH yokungathathi hlangothi (malunga no-7). I-Acidophyte ikhula emhlabathini nge-asidi ephezulu. Kwaye i-basophytes ikhetha inhlabathi ye-alkaline.

Ngoko ke sihlolisise onke amaqela ezityalo zemvelo , imizekelo yeentlobo ezinxulumene nazo.