Eli binzana yahlukile iziphakamiso, kunye nezinye izayamaniso amazwi? analysis of collocations

Eli binzana Zakwantu sele ingqalelo i iiyunithi syntactic ezimeleyo, eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko siphakamiso. Kuyabonakala ngolwimi iinjongo nominative. igama enzima ethwele umsebenzi ofanayo yesivakalisi, nto leyo ilizwi - ibinzana.

Esi sipho kunye ibinzana - njani ukwahlula?

Ngokungafaniyo ibinzana kwigama ayifuni ingcaciso. Libonisa igama elithi ngokwayo. Kodwa yintoni eyenza ibinzana lo msebenzi? Okokuqala, le ambaxa yamagama kunye nezakhiwo zawo, ukuphunyezwa kwe mandatory ne-ngokuqhelekileyo valences yayo. In "Russian igrama-80" eli binzana iqondwa njengomzekelo lwesemantiki-ntetho ukusasaza ilizwi.

Inikela efanayo - oku kuyinto enye entsonkothileyo kakhulu ezininzi. Ngokuba elowo kubo kukho 3 Iindlela: esesikweni, lwesemantiki kunye ngokunxibelelana (nesebenzayo). intsingiselo Basic ngokwegrama yesivakalisi na predicativity, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba angqamane ingcaciso ekhoyo extra-iilwimi (facts) kunye nemeko yokuthetha apho ngxelo iveliswa (Act kunye nemiyalezo). Yiloo nto ke umahluko phakathi ibinzana isinikezelo, ngamafutshane.

Le lwesivakalisi wafunda kuphela amabinzana ezikhoyo, ie ezo apho zigcinwa ngokupheleleyo iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo lungelelanisa amazwi alo. Ukuba bathe balahlekile, sisebenzisana phraseology, ezo akusekho ngokuxhomekeke ukufunda igrama.

Ukwakhiwa amagama

Amabinzana asekelwe ezithile ngokwembali ziphuhliswe imodeli ulwimi, oko ivezwa kule ntetho. Zinelungelo inkqubo iifom etshintsha lo wesiqhelo, leyo ngexesha elinye kunye nenguqulelo igama engundoqo (oko omnye ibinzana umahluko afumanekayo).

ukwakhiwa kwawo ingaquka izakhi ababini kuphela: inkosi ikhoboka (ibinzana elula). Xa esithi intsingiselo nelulwimi zizidibanise amacandelo ezininzi (ngaphezu kwe ezimbini), phakathi apho kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yokuxhomekeka syntactic.

ISeva yeeFom ze multi-amabinzana

Bangakwazi:

- zihlangene (ukuthobela ezilandelanayo) ukuthenga idesika, umhlobo kabawo;

- complex (ukuthobela enxuseneyo) saziwa kweso sixeko kwezinye iincwadi;

- eqhelekileyo (kunye neenkcazo owahlukeneyo phantsi kwentloko): antique akhazimlayo ivasi, eliphambili nekoshenaya yengca;

- confluent (lasekwa ngo ukuyilwa linikeza): ukuthenga amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, uboya kunye amalaphu silk.

analysis of collocations

Inkqubo yokuqala ngohlahlelo ukuba nesizungu amacebiso slovosochetatelnogo kwibhloko yonke, kunye nokumisela uhlobo ukwahlulwa ibe ezilula (bicomponent).

Inyathelo lesibini - uhlalutyo zemihlathi alula kuthathelwa ingqalelo iparameters ezininzi eziphawula oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1) imilo kuqala;

2) yinxalenye kwintetho ilizwi bobabo abakhulu;

3) uhlobo nemeko syntactic kunye neendlela yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo;

4) Uhlobo lobudlelwane syntactic;

5) yenza moya igama lomntu;

6) imodeli (block umzobo).

Yeemeko yakha igama lomntu

Iifom yeemeko igama oxhomekeke nga kumiselwa iimpawu eziphambili zegrama, ezifana aliphi yayo kwiklasi ethile amazwi (part of speech) okanye udidi oluthile ntetho. Ngoko ke, ukukwazi ukuba imiselwe semvelo noun lwesichazi: milkman ochwayitileyo, incwadi endala.

Izenzi kwiklasi ngokwegrama amagama ezichazwe lwezihlomelo qualitative: ukusebenza nzima, ukuze ndithethe kakhulu. Zonke ezi esiwasebenzisayo ngokwegrama conditioner. Ubukho ifomu abaxhomekeke kule wesenzo ngaphandle isalathandawo liqingqwa iipropati lungelelanisa kwaye ngokwegrama inguqu yesenzi engundoqo: ukufunda incwadi, ubisi othululwayo.

Wenze igama oxhomekeke uyakwazi ukubona ubume eziphambili kwiklasi ethile lwesemantiki okanye iqela lungelelanisa-lwesemantiki (LSG). Ngenxa yoko, onke amagama ngomlomo ukuhlanganiswa uhlobo lonxibelelwano kunye isibizo abaxhomekeke ifomu kwimeko negalelo with "c" ibhaxa: ukuba athethe nomntu ukuxoxa nomntu. Iimpawu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentetho, kuquka kwiCandelo intsingiselo zizilabalabi (Ithuba, umnqweno, imfuneko, njl.), Njengoko oxhomekeke na nethi yesenzi: ukuba ufuna ukufunda, ukufunda, umnqweno ukufunda, ezimisele ukufunda. Zonke ezi esiwasebenzisayo semantically conditioner.

Ekugqibeleni, imilo yegama oxhomekeke ungachaza ubuntu intsingiselo engundoqo lungelelanisa. Kulo mzekelo, nokuba abameli omnye OOP unako ukwenza imidibaniso eyahlukeneyo: thengisa iziqhamo - trade iziqhamo; ukuhlawula Ngenyanga - ukuhlawula ukuhamba; umhlobo abanekratshi - baqubuda kwenye. Kule meko sithetha ngamabinzana lungelelanisa kwabangela.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ukuhlanganiswa igama

Ukwazi umahluko phakathi ibinzana ukusuka sipho, kufuneka kulahlula kwezinye lwendibaniso lwamagama.

Njengeyunithi syntactic ezizodwa ukuba iipropati ezithile nokuba umfuziselo ulwimi (block diagram), kuyimfuneko ukwahlula imixube zilandelayo kwamagama kwisivakalisi:

1) I-izayamaniso ukuqikelela okuza kwenzeka (subject nesivisa +): inkwenkwe ibaleka;

2) ukusuka polupredikativnyh; ke yena, lo mvukeli, ucela isaqhwithi;

3) of coordinative: amatyholo kunye nemithi kukhula okucoca;

4) ukusuka appositive zizifundo (izayamaniso izicelo, kwaye ukuchaza izwi): umfundi ivanov weza;

5) zezifundo ezihamba ezivelayo kuphela kwisivakalisi: utata kunye nonyana wakhe ifana kakhulu.

Ukwazi umahluko phakathi ibinzana kunye nezinye nokunikelwa kusuka lwendibaniso lwamagama kulo, uya ngobuchule enze ulinganiso kwaye uphephe iimpazamo zegrama. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni "ukuma kwezivakali zemveli", njengoko engundoqo ngayo izinto ngasentla, kwaye kufuneka umahluko. Ngethemba, siye kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kweli nqaku, indlela ukwahlula ibinzana ukusuka kwisivakalisi.