Zone Arctic intlango

Kukho emhlabeni intsimi okhethekileyo kakhulu: ngohlangothi yomntla Asia kunye nenxalenye esemantla kwilizwekazi American, kwakunye intsimi siqithi kwi Arctic, imida ummandla polar azifakwanga.

Yintoni na indawo entlango arctic? Okokuqala, ukuba imozulu ezizodwa, apho kungekho ocacile zibe onyaka. nje kukho ebusika, esibonakala ebusuku polar kunye ulawulo lobushushu, enyuka izidanga phakathi ezilishumi mahlanu kunye uphawu thabatha, kunye ehlotyeni elifutshane kakhulu imini polar kwaye lobushushu ayidluli uphawu zero kwi ithermometer.

indawo entlango arctic has a ntlango ethile: umkhenkce nekhephu kukugubungela indawo island kakhulu. Nqabakazi of Franz Josef alekwe komkhenkce asibhozo anesixhenxe ekhulwini, isiqithi osemantla Novaya Zemlya - amane ekhulwini, kunye Ushakov siqithi phantse icebound ngokupheleleyo. Severnaya Zemlya (iziqithi) ukuya pesenti ezingamashumi amane anesihlanu ehlanganiswa ezingamashumi amabini anesibini ice namakhaka.

Kwindawo Russian Arctic entlango iquka indawo ukusuka kakhulu kwindawo esemantla (Franz Josef Land) ukuya komzantsi (Wrangel Island), isiqithi ka Novaya Zemlya, le New aseSiberia Islands, kumazwe Northern, ngaphandle kwe Taimyr Peninsula kunye neelwandle Arctic ibekwe ngaphakathi kule ndawo.

indawo entlango arctic wambu ikhephu kunye icebound unyaka wonke kunye. Umbilo iwela apha kunqabile kakhulu. rate yonyaka ilingana 200-300 iimillimitha, yaye zimelwe becala ikhephu yingqele. Imozulu Arctic ezinkqantosini mandundu yimimoya enamandla, rhoqo inkungu exineneyo amafu aphezulu.

Isiqabu kwezi ziqithi ubukhulu becala efanayo. Le yengenanto i flat kwimimandla yonxweme kunye iintaba eziphakamileyo kwicandelo lwasekhaya. isiqabu obungabangeli mdla caba luphawu kuphela ye-New Siberian Islands. Kwiziqithi kwintsimi Arctic elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, phantse amahlanu anesithandathu amawaka yesikwere seemitha indawo yindawo omkhenkce. iphepha Ice ubukhulu ilingana ezingamakhulu amathathu boMhlaba oMtsha, North komhlaba - amabini anamashumi Franz Josef Land - ikhulu leemitha. umthamo Ubuninzi be permafrost (Emantla Taimyr Peninsula) kune seemitha ezimakhulu mahlanu.

Yintoni Basenokothuka izowuni entlango arctic ngokwemiqathango kwezityalo? Kulungile, ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba zinqongophele khona kwindawo permafrost. Ngokupheleleyo, le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba entlango, njengoko nezihluma ohluphekayo obungabangeli mdla. I-inshorensi yezityalo iqwengiwe, kwaye ukutyabeka iyonke ayidluli amathandathu anesihlanu ekhulwini. Yaye ke inxenye engaphakathi kwiziqithi (iintaba, iinduli) igutyungelwe akukho ezingaphezu kwesithathu ekhulwini. Njengotyani mmandla bubonakaliswe ubulembu, ulele (ingakumbi crustose), ulele. izityalo eneentyatyambo kwi Arctic lizisa blackgrass Alpine, Arctic pickerel, buttercup, kamenolomkoy ikhephu, Arctic poppy. iintlobo amathathu anamashumi amahlanu izityalo eziphezulu i nezihluma siqithi Arctic, uhlobo, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu kumntla wasemzantsi.

Ukuba inxalenye esemntla ye Taimyr Peninsula luphawulwa utyani-moss entlango Arctic, ukuya ngasezantsi - i-New Siberian Islands - kufakwa kwi yintlupheko entlango ityholwana-moss nokufika imingcunube polar kunye saxifrage. Kodwa ke zone ice wasemzantsi, nayo enikwa ityholwana-moss entlango Arctic - oku ityholwana inwebu ephuhliswe kakuhle kunye imingcunube polar kwaye Arctic Dryads.

Ngenxa izityalo eliphantsi nemveliso zezilwanyana ummandla arctic bumane kakhulu: Lemmings kunye iimpungutye Arctic, amabhere kwaye kwezinye iindawo adle, walruses namatywina. E Greenland inkomo must inokufumaneka. kunxweme zamatye ehlotyeni - yindawo zaselwandle yokwakha lobukoloniyali. Loon kunye ingabangaba, guillemot kunye guillemot emnyama, irhanisi kunye, Kakade ke, nenciniba ngekhephu imele ubukumkani kweentaka abahlala kwiimeko ezininzi ezinzima yentlango aqumbe.