Imozulu yaseArctic yaseRashiya

I-Russia yilizwe elihlala kwindawo enkulu kunazo zonke kuwo onke amazwe aseplanethi. Ubungakanani bemihlaba yayo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-17.13 zeekhilomitha. Ubungakanani belizwe ukusuka empuma ukuya entshonalanga malunga ne-10, kwaye ukusuka enyakatho ukuya kumzantsi - ngaphezu kweeyure eziyi-4 000.

Imimandla yemozulu yaseRashiya

Ubude obukhulu beli lizwe linikeza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zeemozulu kunye neemeko kwintsimi yayo.

Imozulu yeli lizwe lihluke kwaye lucacile.

Ikwahlula ukusuka kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ezikhethiweyo zeqhwa e-northethi ukuya ngasentla ukuya kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ezomileyo kwizantsi kwelizwe.

Intsimi yaseRashiya ifumaneka kwiindawo ezintathu zeenkomfa eziphambili :

• Arctic.
• Eyona ndlela.
• Kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba.

Phakathi kweendawo ezijikelezayo kunye neendawo ezinqabileyo, ummandla we-subarctic region ukwahluke. Inxalenye ephambili yintsimi yaseRashiya isendaweni eshushu. Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo ehlala kwilizwekazi, ezine i-subtypes ziyaziwayo kwi-belt belt temperate: i-monsoon, i-continental, i-continental kunye ne-continental continental. Ukwahlukana kwemozulu yelizwe lugqityiweyo kwinqanaba ukusuka enyakatho ukuya kumzantsi.

Imozulu yaseArctic yaseRashiya

Iindawo ezisenyakatho zelizwe zifumaneka kwingingqi yezulu ye-Arctic. Ibhanti yemozulu yaseArctic yeRashiya iqulethe ii-subzones ezintathu.

Ummandla waseSiberia uthathwa njengeyona nto inzima kakhulu. I-subzones yaseAtlantic nePacific ineemeko zezulu ezinzulu.

Umda ongasenyakatho weRashiya udlula e-Arctic Ocean. Unxweme lwaseSiberia lwe-Arctic Ocean kunye nendawo yaso kwisiqithi se-Arctic yebhanti. Ngaphandle kweziqithi zaseVaigach, i- Novaya Zemlya, i-Kolgueva kunye neziqithi zesiqithi kwinxalenye esezantsi yeLwandle lwaseBarents . Indawo ye- climatic ye- Arctic iphakathi kwama-82 degrees ngasentla kwi-latitude ukusuka kumntla kunye nama-71 degrees ngasentla ukusuka kumzantsi.

Kulo mmandla kufumaneka kwiindawo eziphambili ze-arctic kunye ne-tundra. Imozulu yeentlango ze-arctic inzima kakhulu. Kule ndawo, ukunyuka kwamandla elanga kuphantsi kakhulu. Indawo yendawo yelo ndawo inikeza i-solstice ephantsi neyifutshane ngasentla. Ubusika malunga neenyanga ezilishumi. Ihlobo lihlala malunga neveki ezimbini. Ehlobo, ilanga alihlali phantsi, kodwa aliphakanywanga ngaphezu kwalo.

Izimo zemozulu ze-Arctic

Isimo sezulu saseArctic sinobubele ngakumbi kwiziqithi nakwi-ocean. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngotshintsho lokushisa kwamanzi olwandle. Ngethuba lokuqhwa kwamanzi, kukhutshwa amandla okushisa. Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo ebusika kummandla wonxweme kunye nendawo yesiqithi li malunga ne-degrees ezingama-30 ngaphantsi kwe-zero. Kwimihlaba yelizwekazi, ubushushu bemihla ngemihla bubhalwa ngaphakathi kwe-32-36 degrees Celsius. Amaqondo obusika ebusika angafikelela kwi-degrees Celsius -60. Kulo mmandla, njengomthetho, umoya we-Arctic uvuthela.

Uhlobo lwe- Arctic lwemozulu lubonakaliswa yimvula ebanda kakhulu. Ngonyaka, ukuya kuma-millimitha angama-300 emvula. Umoya kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi liqukethe umncinci wamanzi omphunga. Endaweni yesiqithi esenyakatho saseNovaya Zemlya, kwiIrranga Mountains nakwi- Chukchi Upland, ubungakanani bemvula banda kuma 500-600 millimeters. Ukunqumla kuwela ngendlela yekhephu kwaye kunokuhlala kungatshintshi iminyaka emininzi. Ukuba ihlobo libanda ngokwaneleyo, ukunyibilika kwekhephu akukhona.

Ngethuba elifutshane lehlobo, iqondo lokushisa lommandla wonxweme kunye nendawo ehlala kuyo iphakama ukuya kwi-0-5 degrees Celsius. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ukunyibilika kwamanzi ekhephu kunye neqhwa kunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwimeko engqongileyo.

Ubusika behlobo kunye nobusika obukhulu beArtictic

Kwilizwekazi kunye nezwe elincinci, iqondo lokushisa ehlotyeni lixhoba ukuya kuma-10 degrees ngaphezu kwe-zero. Ziimeko ezinzima ezibonakaliswe kwibhande laseArctic. Imozulu yolu mmandla ibonakaliswe ngehlobo elifutshane nelibandayo. Izaziso zelanga zihlahlela phezulu kwindawo ebonakalayo. Imozulu yeArctic ibonakaliswa ngobungqina bobusuku obumnyama kunye nosuku olumnyama. Ubusuku obumnyama bubude beentsuku ezili-98 kuma-degrees angama-75 kumntla. Neentsuku ezilikhulu elinamanci mabini anesixhenxe kumda wee-80 degrees ngasentla.

Kwiindawo ezisemntla-ntshona ye-Arctic yendawo yezulu, imeko yemozulu yimalunga. Oku kungenxa yokusondela kwe-Atlantic Ocean. Amanzi afudumele kunye namaqhwithi ahambayo athatha umoya ofudumeleyo kunye nomoya ocolileyo. Ubungakanani bemihla ngemihla yokushisa kweJanuwari kule ndawo liphezulu ukuya kuma-10 ukuya kwii-degrees ngaphezu kweyona nxalenye ephambili ye-Arctic zone.

Ihlabathi lezityalo zendawo ye-Arctic yemozulu

Imozulu yaseArctic yaseRashiya inzima kakhulu. Ukubunjwa nokuphuhliswa kwezityalo phantsi kwezi meko kunzima kakhulu. Intsimi ye-Arctic yindawo ejolise kuyo, ebandakanya ngaphantsi kwesigamu somhlaba. I-Arctic ayinayo imithi kunye nezihlahla.

Kukho iindawo ezincinci ezinama-lichens, mosses kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-algae kwihlabathi lomhlaba. Kwaye kunye nabameli bezityalo ezinotshani: iindawo zokutya kunye nezitshalo. Kwiimeko zemozulu zendawo yaseArtictic yaseRashiya, kukho izityalo ezininzi zezimbali, phakathi kwazo ezifana ne-polar poppy, foxtail, pike ye-Arctic, buttercup, saxifrage kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ezi ziqithi zehlabathi zezityalo zibukeka njenge-oases phakathi kweqhwa elingenammangaliso neqhwa le-Arctic enobuqili.

I-Arctic Ecosystem

Ngenxa yezityalo ezihluphekileyo, inyama ye-Arctic yindawo yaseRashiya ayihlupheki.

Izilwanyana zasemhlabeni zincinci, ziphela kwinani elincinci leentlobo: i-Arctic ingcuka, i-Arctic fox, i-lemming kunye ne-deer entsha. Kulo lonxweme zikhona izikhonkwane kunye neempawu.

Uphawu oluphambili lwemihlaba yaseArctic yiebhere zepowla.

Ziyakulungelelaniswa kwiimeko zeArtictic.

Abemi abaninzi beendawo ezikumantla ziintaka. Phakathi kwazo zii-guillemots, iziphelo ezifileyo, iifinki ezibomvu, izikhumba ze-polar kunye nabanye abantu. Kwiindawo ezisematyeni ehlotyeni, izilwanyana zaselwandle, ezenza "intengiso yeentaka". I-colony enkulu kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentaka zaselwandle kwiindawo zendawo yase-Arctic kwidwala laseRoubini. Itholakala kwi-bay free ye-Tikhaya. I-birds bazaar kule manani e-bay ukuya kwi-19,000 guillemots, i-chistikov, i-pitworms kunye nezinye izidalwa zolwandle.

Ngaphandle kweemeko ezinzulu zemozulu kwindawo ye-Arctic, inani labameli bezilwanyana kunye nehlabathi lezityalo lifumene ikhaya labo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zaseNtshonalanga zaseRashiya ezinqambileyo.