Ukubunjwa, Iilwimi

Zeziphi nezimamva Russian?

Izimamva enze indima ebaluleke kakhulu ngolwimi Russian. Ngoncedo lwabo, hayi kuphela amagama amatsha akhiwa, kodwa ke iintlobo zegrama, kwaye zisetyenziswa ukuba adlulisele icandelo ngokweemvakalelo zentetho. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukwazi ukuba yintoni na ezi izimamva oko asetyenziswa, oko kuyimfuneko.

Yintoni isimamva?

Isimamva - morpheme, wema emva ingcambu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko xa isimamva imela isiphelo. Kulo mzekelo, ibizwa ngokuba "postfix". Ingakumbi oku kusebenza morpheme xia - / - CB: uhlambe ubuso bam (ekupheleni -yut, postfix -sya-), eqokelela, umbala kunye nabanye.

Eyona umsebenzi isimamva - ukuyilwa amagama amatsha, kodwa kukho amaxesha xa le morpheme ludlala indima formative. Abaninzi kulwimi kunye nezimamva novakalelo umbala ngokweemvakalelo.

Le morpheme ixhaphakile ukuze kufundwe esikolweni luqala kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Yintoni isimamva ngolwimi Russian, iklasi 2 bapasa phakathi enyakeni.

Kuba lo morpheme Kulula ukuba yeyiphi yinxalenye intetho phambi kwethu. Ngoko ke, ngenxa -usch ezithile / -yusch kunye -asch - / - ukuqonda yasch- ukuba lo umthendeleko, yaye -B- ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba igama - gerund. Cinga ngokuba ekuqaleni morpheme ngokwemiqathango kwengqesho, uze emva koko siza sithethe ngayo eyeyomnye inxalenye yokuthetha.

IZwi khona ngaphandle isimamva, kodwa nguye onika engumbonakalaliso ngokubaluleka ethile. Kwakhona, amatyala rhoqo malunga, xa kukho ezimbini okanye nesimamva ezintathu. Ngoko imfundiso ilizwi ababini kubo: -tel- kwaye -stv-, njengoko kwi elithi "ukufundisa" ezintathu: i -ova- ezimbini ezidlulileyo ngomlomo longeziwe.

Yiyiphi imisebenzi?

Cinga ngoko ke isimamva ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwabo.

  1. Babutha. Aba ngabo bathathe inxaxheba lokusekwa iintlobo ngelizwi elifanayo. osemqoka yawo - le morpheme kunye ekupheleni ilizwi ayifakwanga eziqinileyo. Umzekelo, ixesha elidlulileyo le Isimamva iimpawu -l-: Sula, ukupheka, ukufunda. Ukongeza, ezinye iingcali zeelwimi cinga -t- kwi nethi njengoko nesimamva formative. Khumbula ukuba ukufunda umbuzo wokuba yintoni isimamva ngolwimi Russian (Grade 3), abafundi isondezwe ibe isiphelo. Kwakhona, xa ukuchazwa iifom ebelidlula kunye nesenzi izibaluli (kuba iingcali ngeelwimi akukho mpendulo omnye lo mbuzo), isimamva yamagama kuma uphuma formative kwaye njengesiseko ayibandakanyi: iingcinga, iingcinga, eqhutywa (a morpheme ebelidlula esebenzayo -yusch-, ento kunye -ya- ebelidlula -im- passive). Ngu inflection izimamva kwakhona degree oluthelekisayo izichazi nezihlomelo (ngokomelela, nzulu).
  2. ILizwi-ukwakheka. Ezi morphemes zixhaphake kakhulu: zisetyenziswa xa kuthe amagama amatsha. Kaninzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kukwenziwa izibizo nezichazi. Kwaye nale morpheme ukuze babonakale njenge ilizwi inxalenye enye zentetho, kunye nezinye. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "ehlathini", "abanakekeli ihlathi", "ehlathini." Isibizo lokuqala ukhandwa isimamva -nik-, ilizwi okwesibini, asilogama kunye -n- nesimamva. indlela nohlobo maxa wambi suffixed izenzi: cinga - ukucinga. Apha, ekubunjweni yesenzi nesimamva imperfective lalisetyenziswa -yva-.

shades nenjongo

Kwakhona izimamva zingahlukaniswa kuxhomekeke emthunzini transfer intsingiselo. Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba intsingiselo ephambili uthwala i ingcambu. Isimamva ikhankanya kuphela yenza ilizwi ekhululekile ngakumbi. Makhe sihlolisise into isimamva ukusuka lo mbono, yaye adlulisela amaxabiso:

  • Isinciphiso: itheyibhile Buffet; izimvu, imvana; handsome - uyathandeka; umntwana - usana.
  • Idumisa: beetle-isityumzi, izandla ezinkulu, amanqindi, velikanische.
  • izilwanyana Young: idada, ithole, lekati, baby elephant.
  • Kubekwa eyeyomnye wobugcisa: othengisayo,-crane, wasenkantini; Kwakhona iindawo: aseSiberia, ukususela St. Petersburg, ukusuka eMoscow, a southerner; Ubuzwe: Ukrainian, Georgian, isiJamani, Finn.
  • sengqondo ayinyani ukuba isifundo okanye umntu: isela, Malyavka, Namaqhinga, uyabawa, njalo ehleka.

isimamva zamagama

Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, baqale ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha morphology, ngoko inxenye nganye intetho ukuqinisekisa ezo isimamva ngolwimi Russian (iBakala 5). Makhe sihlolisise le morpheme kulo mbono. Nikeza njenge umzekelo uya kuba kuphela izimamva kakhulu iimpawu, oko uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo malunga bangoobani morphological.

Isimamva zamagama:

suffix

inani

-ets - / - its-

  • Ilungu isangqa ethile, ubuzwe: knotweed, abaseAfrika, okruzhenets.
  • Isakhono: i mlweli, umrhwebi, ibe iqhutywa.
  • sobudoda Animal: eyindoda plyvunets yehashe (-ets-) okanye obhinqileyo (-its-): bear, ingonyama, ubuvila.
  • ixabiso Uqikelelo: mzalwana, borschets, isonka, izinyo (Indies kunye zomthonyama).

-ik-

  • intsingiselo isinciphiso: imela, itafile.
  • Igama inzululwazi, izifundo: imathematika, ubucukubhede, isimbo
  • amaqunube Isihloko: ubobo, iiblueberries.

-nik-

  • Isihloko: isipaji tutorial fin.
  • Umfanekiso komsebenzi: Colonel, submariner, umkhweli.
  • into Geographical: abamba, igumbi lokulinda, Senik.

-Oshk - / - ushk - / - yushk - / - yshk-

Nezinciphiso: undlunkulu, iphiko, ikhabhathi, zmeyushka.

-chik - / - schik-

Ubulungu wobugcisa: umlayishi, kumgangatho parquet, estimator, ikhabinethi umenzi.

suffix isiphawulo

Ngoku makhe sithethe, yintoni na izimamva kweziphawuli. Oku, mhlawumbi, ecebe lwedatha yokuthetha morpheme.

suffix

inani

-al - / - yal-

Umgangatho efumaneka phantsi kwempembelelo lokuthile (ixesha, indawo, njalo njalo.): Stale, ediniwe.

-eka - / - Jahn

Bonisa nesixhobo apho yenziwe kwisifundo. Soloko zibhalelwe omnye "n" (ngaphandle: iglasi, inkcenkce, imithi): udongwe, isanti, isikhumba.

Kusenokwenzeka ibonise kuyo kwento (yangasese) okanye indlela yokusebenza (varicella, nja-).

-ast - / - uvalo

Ubonisa phawu ekhululekile: inxalenye enkulu emzimbeni (ukunaba, ezinomsila) okanye umgangatho (rough, bespectacled)

-ev - / - OB, -invariant

Ngoncedo ezi izimamva benza izichazi bunini: kwanootatomkhulu, oobawo.

Kwakhona ubonisa ukuba ilungiswe okanye wenza lingumxholo: pere, anise.

-enn - / - onn-

Ipropati (emkhosini, kusasa, cranberry, kucotha)

-iv - / - iishawa - / - chiv-

Mkhuba, nawuphi na umgangatho, ilifa into: lina, eyonqenayo, ezintle

-ist-, -chat-

Ukufana: ubuhle, ezinamafutha.

Izinga eliphezulu yelifa: vociferous, sofele; pupyrchatoy, brevenchanty

Mkhwa ukufana: zamashisty, gusty, ibhalbhu (ofana umnqathe).

-teln-

Okanye yenza isenzo ikwazi yokuba ibhondi: akubonayo, akumangalisi, uyakhetha.

Le yinto amanyathelo, yayo njongo: Swimming; oyifunayo.

nezimamva izenzi

Yintoni isimamva kwezenzi ngolwimi Russian? Amaninzi, ekubumbeni (apho thina wabhala ngaphambili). Noko ke, kukho abo afakwa amaxabiso athile. Ngoko -ova - / - yva- usixelele ukuba isenzo alukapheli, kwaye inkqubo (ukucwangcisa, Waphupha, ukuba ukunyamekela) - zonke izenzi imperfective.

Xia nezimamva - / - CB nangona senzi ejoliswe kumenzi, ngaba inflexion hayi. Isiseko bengena ngokupheleleyo.

nezimamva izimelabizo

Into yokugqibela ekhohlo ukuthetha - yintoni na izimamva kwezimelabizo. Kukho ezintathu kuphela: -Yintoni-okanye, ngenye imini. Bonke bephela hyphenated kwaye inxaxheba ukuyilwa izimelabizo elingenammiselo: nabani na, naliphi na, nantoni na.

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