Yintoni kwendawo yezihlabo, yintoni na imisebenzi yayo kunye nendima yetempile?

Kule ntetho mihla abantu, ogama nezigqibo ingqalelo isityhilelo kunye nenyaniso akaguquki elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba igumbi. Eli gama yamandulo usuku emva iinkolelo yamandulo. In obeza kwakucingwa ukuba oothixo ndithi intando yabo ngokusebenzisa amagqabi lenzwinini umthi engcwele, ukubhabha kweentaka, unyuka umsi indlela kwizipho. iinkolelo Kamva ziye zatshintsha kancinane. Ukuze siqonde ukuthanda woothixo, wayefuna itoliki okhethekileyo, kukho uhlobo ngumguquleli. Yaye yaba yezihlabo. Inkolelo yokuba ihlabathi umoya kwindawo yokwenene ezinxuseneyo, kunye nabantu kuphela abambalwa bayakwazi ukuqonda oko utsho uThixo, Kukho abantu abaninzi. Kodwa yintoni na Pythia kunye Sibyl? Ngapha koko, nabo, nabo, onokuchaza ikamva, imibuzo yabantu adlulisela iimpendulo oothixo.

Le etymology lo gama

Impendulo umbuzo wokuba yintoni kwendawo yezihlabo, ukuba kufunyanwa inguqulelo yesiLatini, kwaye in Greek. Bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo yokuzilungiselela ukuba eli gama lithetha Umbingeleli Cultist elula. Nangona isibakala sokuba "oro" yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini njenge "sithandaze," Nal - ekuqaleni simanga Greek. Kungenxa yoko le nto umntu kufuneka aphume ilizwi «oραo», gama elo elithetha "Mna olawula yabona." Ngale ndlela, izihlabo abazange kufutshane kubabingeleli, okanye nababingeleli, kwaye Slavic abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, völva druids isiJamani okanye Celtic. Xa lakudala, eli lizwi ebizwa ngokwayo ukutyhilwa ukuthanda woothixo, nendawo engcwele, apho wafumana. Kakade ke, lo yezihlabo wayengumbingeleli, kwaye ezikhethekileyo kuphela. Akazange nje imbeko ethile isithixo, kodwa kakuhle ulwimi lakhe, wakwazi ukuthetha naye. Ngamanye amaxesha imimoya waprofetha elizayo ngokusebenzisa noosiyazi - pythonesses. La mabhinqa wawelwa lithongo phantsi kwempembelelo komsi imichiza, waza waqalisa endumzela into hoywa. Oracle Pythia bechaza amagama waza wanika obuzayo umntu oyifunayo impendulo.

Ngemvelaphi ihlelo

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukwenza esinjengokuvumisa ikamva weza eGrisi evela Asia Minor. Ngo-Asiriya eYiputa Intshabalalo yaMandulo (kwisixeko Buto), kukho iindawo apho ababingeleli ezizodwa "ngomlomo woothixo." EGrisi, njengokuba leli hlelo , ugalelwe ioli unqulo isithixokazi zehlabathi Gala, kwaye yezihlabo yokuqala wavakalisa intando yalo e Epirus, ku Dodona. Ngokutsho ubungqina edume mbali zamandulo zamaGrike uHerodotus, hayi kuphela bakubo kodwa abamelwane babo ezikude siyazi ukuba kwendawo yezihlabo, azabonakala. Lowo uthi uKumkani Lidii Krez wagqiba ukubhengeza uhlobo 'ilahle "kuba, oosiyazi engcono. Wathumela abathunywa Ugcino-Greek eyayiseAba, e Dodona, e Amphiaraus, Trefoniyu naseMileto. Oku "Battle of oosiyazi," iphumelele ... Pythia of Ugcino. Uthi ukuyichaza ukuba Kroes uza ukupheka imbiza wenkunzi kunye nofudo.

Eyama Apollo kunye Delphic yezihlabo; ntoni na?

Uninzi yeetempile amandulo ihlabathi ababingeleli bafunda okholekileyo okanye olubi koothixo ngokusebenzisa utoliko ngemiqondiso, zithunyelwa. Lo mkhuba ubizwa Mantica. Ingakumbi kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo eRoma mandulo. Kubonisa ukuba babukela lo moya kunye nokuziphatha iintaka, kunye Bachelor sithandabuze izibilini lezilwanyana amadini. Kwisixeko yesiGrike Ugcino babeqhelisela lehlelo bohluke kuzo ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba kule ndawo Apollo sibulewe inyoka Python. Ukusuka igalelo DART emhlabeni baseka umsantsa apho umphunga ukunyuka. Kamva itempile yakhiwe ngaphezu kwayo apho Pythia wahlala phezu kwento. Yena bazisezela umphunga kunye, ukuba run kulo sethongweni, waprofeta ukuthanda Apollo. Akukho mntu wangena egumbini, ngaphandle wombingeleli okhethekileyo. Apha kucacile ukuba yezihlabo. Iimpendulo ukuba banikela uzisa abathembekileyo, baba ezingacacanga yaye maxa wambi ziqulathe mazwi eziphikisana. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana amacwecwe ezininzi ngodongwe ngemibuzo zabanquli. Uluhlu nezihloko sokwazi ukuba emxinwa omnye: ukutshintsha ukuba umfazi / umyeni ukuba kungena omnye okanye enye intengiselwano yemali.

Pythia

Lo mfazi akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe yintombi, kanye kwinkonzo yexesha Apollo, yena bekunyanzelekile ukuba uhlale unyulu. Ekuqaleni, wayengumfundisi onjalo waprofeta kuphela kanye ngonyaka - ngomhla wesixhenxe ka Februwari. Kodwa kamva, xa othembekileyo akazange ukululama, its ubeke phezu swa. Ngelo xesha kwi etempileni Ugcino babembalwa abafazi abasebenza iishifti. Bona babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo indawo phezu kwento ngomhla wesixhenxe wenyanga nganye. Ubuqaqawuli omkhulu Ugcino befikelelwe kwisithuba esiphakathi ko BC ngenkulungwane V Le mibhalo yexesha kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba eli yezihlabo yingcwele ka-Apollo kwi umthombo ubulumko Castalia. Hi ndlela leyi, i Pythia ukuqikelelwa kwaye kwelanga kule ndawo. Ngowe-393, uMlawuli uTheodosius, njengomKristu, wayalela ukuba kuvalwe inqaba ubuhedeni.

uSybil

Abantu lula, yokungabi mali oluya Ugcino okanye kwezinye iindawo ukuvumisa, abaxeli-thamsanqa wajika - uSybil. Umfazi wokuqala, lowo wayenxiba igama isikhupheli seTrojan Women intombi Nese kunye Dardanus. Yena owned elizayo presage engento. Amlandela nabanye baqala ukubiza abaprofetikazi uSybil. ukuba umkhathalele ngokukhethekileyo ezayo engxakini. Ngoko ke, uSybil kwangaphambili kuqhuma iNtaba iVesuvius wangcwatywa iPompeii, kwaye abonakala ukutshatyalaliswa Troy, indawo edabini, isiphumo apho Greece uya kuphulukana ukuzimela yayo. Ngoku siyazi ukuba kwendawo yezihlabo, ngubani Pythia, ngubani - uSybil, ubone umahluko kule iintlobo ezintathu yomabophe. Pythia waprofeta into engavakaliyo, ndikhululekile ukutolika yezihlabo weva njengoko unothanda, kwaye impendulo transfer ukuze ancinwe. USybil Kwakhona wabonisa inkoliso xikepe ezayo, kodwa asinguye wonk 'wayefuna ukumphulaphula. Kuba apho wahlawula: "Kuya kufika imihla, yaye uya kufa Troy mkhulu!"