Yintoni na imakethi namhlanje? US stock market kunye Russia for uthelekiso

Yintoni emarikeni? Ngokucacileyo, oku kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwi "imithetho yomdlalo" umthetho, apho yemarike nxaxheba ukuphumeza izivumelwano zorhwebo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye - ukuba izithethe zembali, leyo wakhonza njengesiseko yokuqingqa umthetho olawula ubudlelwane kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, isithethe "kunyikima izandla", amaqela uya kwenza isigqibo preliminary ukuqhuba ngento yorhwebo. Ke amalungiselelo ezinjalo zenziwe ngokusemthethweni, ngokohlobo yesivumelwano ethile. Noko ke, ekuqaleni yaba ilizwi.

Ukuba sithethe ngento emarikeni, loo nto idla musa akuthethi imarike ngokubanzi, kodwa ke uhlobo oluthile yemisebenzi yoqoqosho, apho "imithetho" jikelele sizuze isandi ngamnye. Thatha imarike stock efanayo. Kucacile ukuba sithetha urhwebo ngokhuselo. Kuyinto enye into xa kwenzeka basebumnyameni, isetshe (kwimarike yasendle), kunye nezinye - phezu imithetho inkqubo, angavumeli abadlali ukuba bandiqumbise iingxabano phakathi kwabo, yaye kwangaxeshanye kugcinwe isithuba lemarike njengoko ingqibelelo yeziko le nkqubo. Regulation yemarike stock kule meko ikhutshwa phandle bobabini ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo iindlela zemali, kwaye ngalo nokuthengiswa company okanye zokuthengiswa ngokubanzi. Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha malunga izixhobo kuphela yemali "ukudlala" kwi ixabiso lezabelo eenkampani okanye iimveliso zabo. Kule yesibini - le ndlela zophuculo, oluthi luqokelelane ngeendleko le nkampani yinkampani, umthamo zotyalo-mali kunye neenjongo ezicwangcisiweyo ze-zabelo ezinkulu. Hi ndlela leyi, abanini zabelo nga isigqibo phambili umba (umba) izabelo, apho umyinge Wayengomnye wabanini ukuba yakuhlamba okanye, icala, buzinze efanayo ezandleni.

Ngoko ke, ekuphenduleni umbuzo othi, "yintoni na emarikeni," sinokutsho ukuba ukumanywa namacandelo amane: imveliso, ubunini, nemali, kwaye 'imithetho yomdlalo "kuqoqosho.

Enye into inyanzelisa ukuba umdlalo omhle imithetho emdlalweni zemali. Ngoko kukho ingxaki: xa sele unayo ukuqonda oko imarike na, ukuba yenziwa njani ngendlela oluphucukileyo, bachithe reinstitutsionalizatsiyu kunye nokuseka "njengekonkile 'imithetho?

Ngokomzekelo, khangela yenzelwe ngayo kwimarike stock US. Lohlulwe phakathi isakhiwo ezintathu mega:

• NYSE - New York Stock Exchange, leyo isebenza kunye neenkampani "omdala" osebenza phantse onke amacandelo US kuqoqosho.
• NASDAQ - Stock Exchange, esebenza with "uqhagamshelwano lwetshiphu emsebenzi-zobugcisa" lweshishini wadala umfanekiso eliselula "ihlabathi lolwazi" mihla.
• AMEX - nangona ukuba umnini Rule yale NYSE, Stock Exchange ligxininisa ngorhwebo stock elektroniki.

Ngoko ke, impendulo waseMelika umbuzo wokuba yintoni imarike kuyinto ekuveliseni ecacileyo ezikhethiweyo zeteknoloji kunye noshishino leenkampani, kwakunye nezinto eziza kuqala uphuhliso loqoqosho. Kwimeko ye-US kuba petrochemical entsonkothileyo, indlela kunye namacandelo ngenqwelomoya "ngobuchwepheshe".

Ukuxhotyiswa kakuhle kwimarike kwimpahla Russian Federation? Okwangoku kukho izakhiwo ezimbini ezisisiseko:

• A th - isakhiwo, ahlala ikakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwiimarike zengingqi zibe kwindawo enye emarikeni. Ngamanye amazwi, imarike Russian akukho ezinjalo.
• MICEX - analogue of the American NYSE, kukho uhlobo capitalisation kwe-asethi ezininzi ebonakalayo kuqoqosho Russian.

Isiphumo: kukunqongophala kwezinto imarike lwangaphakathi omnye akavumi ukuba ukuthetha malunga isithethe emisiweyo urhwebo wotshintshiselwano, kwakunye nokungabikho "core" iinkampani - i zikaloliwe zoqoqosho kwenza kube nzima ukuthetha malunga emgangathweni yemarike stock Russian.