Yintoni i-savanna kwaye baphi? Savannah yaseMzantsi Melika

Ngelishwa, abaninzi abantu bayazi ukuba ziphi iindawo zokuhlala kunye nokuba ziphi. I-Savannah yindawo engokwemvelo eyenzeka ngokubanzi kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba kunye nezolimo. Uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu kulo mgca luhlobo lwemozulu lomswakama oluneenkqubela ezichaziweyo ngexesha lenkomfa nemvula. Lo mbandela unquma isigqi sonyaka seenkqubo zendalo apha. Ihlabathi leFerrallite kunye nemifuno ye-herbaceous kunye namaqela emihlaba ehlukeneyo nayo impawu zeli ndawo.

Indawo yangasese

Masifunde ngokubanzi malunga nokuba yiziphi i-savannahs kwaye ziphi. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezise-Afrika, ihlala malunga ne-40% yendawo yeli zwekazi. Imimandla yale mimandla yendalo yincinci eMzantsi Melika (kwi-plateau yaseBrazil, apho kuthiwa yiCampos, nasentlambo yoMlambo wase-Orinoco-Llanosi), empuma nasenyakatho ye-Asia (i-Peninsula yase-Indochina, iDeccan Plateau, i-Indo-Gangsai Plain), nase-Australia .

Imozulu

I-savan ibonakaliswe ngumoya-ukuhanjiswa komoya kwimihlaba yabantu. Ehlobo kule mimandla lilawulwa ngumoya owomileyo womoya, kwaye ebusika - nge-equatorial umoya omanzi. Okukude ukusuka kwibhanti ye-equatorial, enkulu ukunciphisa ixesha lezimvula (ukusuka kwiinyanga eziyi-8-9 ukuya ku-2-3 kwimida yangaphandle yale ndawo). Ngokwalathiso olufanayo, inani lemvula yonyaka liyancipha (malunga no-2000 mm kuya kuma-250 mm). Kwi-savannah, kukho ukutshintshana okuncinci kumgangatho wobushushu kuxhomekeke kwixesha (ukusuka kwi-15C ukuya kwi-32C). Ukuphakama kwansuku zonke kungabaluleke ngakumbi kwaye kufinyelele kuma-degree angama-25. Iimpawu ezinjalo zemozulu zenze indawo yendalo ekhethekileyo kwi-savannah.

Umhlaba

Inhlabathi yommandla ixhomekeke kubude bexesha lemvula kwaye ihluke kummandla wokuhlamba. Ephantse kumahlathi ase-equatorial, kwiindawo apho imvula idla malunga neenyanga ezili-8, ihlabathi le-ferralitic lenze. Kwiindawo apho eli xesha lingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6, ungabona umhlaba obomvu obomvu. Kwiimida ngeendawo ezinqabileyo-mhlaba inhlabathi engenakuvelisa kwaye iqulethe i-humus.

Savannah yaseMzantsi Melika

Kwii-Highlands zaseBrazil, le mimandla ikhona ikakhulu kwimimandla yayo yangaphakathi. Bahlala kwiindawo ze-Orinoco Lowland kunye neGuana Plateau. EBrazil kukho iindibano eziqhelekileyo kunye nomhlabathi obomvu we-ferrallite. Izilwanyana zommandla zihlala zixhaphaza kwaye ziqulethe iintsapho zezityalo ezilumkileyo, izityalo kunye neCompositae. Iintlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana azinakho konke, okanye zifunyenwe ngesimo sezilwanyana ze-mimosa kunye nesithsaba se-umbelliform, i-milkweed, i-succulents, i-xerophytes kunye ne-cacti.

Kwi-northeast of the Brazilian uplands, inxalenye enkulu yaloo ndawo ihlala nge-kaatinga (ihlathi elingabonakaliyo kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zenkomfa kunye nemithi emhlabathini obomvu obomvu). Amagatsha kunye namathala e-kaatinga imithi ihlala ihlanganisa izityalo ze-epiphytic nemivini. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemithi yesundu.

Iingxowa zaseMzantsi Melika zifumaneka kwiindawo eziqingqileyo zeGran Chaco kwihlabathi elibomvu. Apha, amahlathi athile kunye namaqabunga enameva aqhelekileyo. Kwizinkuni kukho i-algarrobo, umthi wentsapho ye-mimosa, enomqolo ophihliweyo kunye nesithsaba esinamandla. Amanqanaba aphantsi kwamahlathi ahlamba amaqonga angenakwenzeka.

Phakathi kwezilwanyana kwi-savanna kukho i-warfare, i-ocelot, i-pampas deer, i-Magellanian cat, i-beaver, i-pampas yekati, i-nandu nabanye. Ukusuka kwiindonga, uTuko-Tuko kunye neViskach bahlala apha. Iindawo ezininzi ze-savanna zihlaselwa yizinkumbi. Kukho ezininzi iinyoka kunye nezilwanyana apha. Enye into ephawulekayo yendawo yokubala iyona manani amaninzi.

AmaAfrika

Ngoku kubalo bonke abafundi, mhlawumbi, kuyathakazelisa: "Kuphi i-savannah e-Afrika?" Siphendula, kwilizwekazi elimnyama lo mhlaba uhamba ngokugqithiseleyo kwinqanaba lehlathi lemvula yamanzi. Kwimida yomda, amahlathi atyebile kwaye ahlwempu. Phakathi kwamahlathi kukho indawo yeendawo. Ihlathi elinyukayo elinyukayo lihamba ngokukhawuleza kumida elamlambo, nasemanzini aphantsi komhlaba, athatyathwa yihlathi apho imithi yayo imisa amaqabunga ngexesha elomileyo, okanye kwi-savannah. Kukho uluvo lokuba i-savannah ephezulu yentsholongwane yaqala ukuyifumene ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi yabantu, njengoko yatshisa zonke izityalo ngexesha lonyaka owomileyo.

Kwiindawo ezinomzuzu omfutshane wemvula, isikhombi sotshani siba mfutshane kwaye sincinane. Ukususela kumthi wendalo kummandla kukho u-acacia ohlukileyo kunye nesithsaba esicatyambo. Ezi nkalo zibizwa ngokuba yimisipha eyomileyo okanye eqhelekileyo. Kwimimandla enexesha elide lemvula, amaqabunga enameva, kunye neengca ezinzima, zikhula. Ezi zimila zityalo zibizwa ngokuba yi-desert savannas, zenza umgca omncinci kumntla we-hemisphere.

Umhlaba we-savanna we-Afrika umelwe yizilwanyana: iimbombo, iigrafes, i-antelopes, i-rhinoceroses, izindlovu, iingwe, iinqweba, iingonyama nabanye.

Savannah waseOstreliya

Masiqhubeke nesihloko sethu esithi "Yintoni i-savannah kwaye iphi na", ishukuthela e-Australia. Nantsi le ndawo yendalo itholakala kumantla wama-degrees angama-20 kumzantsi. Empuma ziyi-savannah (zihlala kunye nezantsi kweso siqithi saseNew Guinea). Ngethuba lemvula, le ndawo ihlanganiswe izityalo ezintle zezimbali: iintsapho zee-orchids, i-buttercups, i-lilacs kunye nezolimo ezahlukeneyo. Imithi eqhelekileyo ingumthi womthi, i-eucalyptus, casuarina. Imithi eneemithi ezinqambileyo iyaqhelekileyo, apho isitokisi sokunyamezela siqokelela. Bona, ngokukodwa, zimelelwe yiyo kuthiwa imithi ebhotile. Ubuninzi bezityalo ezizodwa ezenza i-Australia ye-savannah ibe yinto eyahlukileyo, ngokungafaniyo neendawo ezikhoyo kwamanye amazwekazi.

Lo mmandla udibaniswe namahlathi athile, awamelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-eucalyptus. Ihlathi le-eucalypt lihlala kunxweme elisenyakatho yelizwe kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yesiqithi saseKapa. Kwi-savannah yase-Australia, unokufumana iindonga ezininzi ze-marsupial: i-mole, i-rat, i-wombat, i-anteater. Kwiingqungquthela zezihlambi zihlala echidna. Kule mimandla, ungabona kwakhona i-emu, iintlobo zeentlanzi kunye nenyoka.

Inendima yeengcambu zabantu

Emva kokuba sineenkcukacha ezithe zafunyaniswa, ukuba iindawo zokuhlala kunye nokuba ziphi, kubalulekile ukuxelela ukuba ezi ndawo zendalo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumntu. Kule mimandla, izilwanyana, iinkozo, i-jute, ikotoni, i- sugar cane ikhulile. Kwiindawo ezinomileyo, ukuzaliswa kwemfuyo kuphuhliswa. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezinye iintlobo zemithi ezikhulayo kule ndawo zibonwa njengexabiso kakhulu (umzekelo, teak).

Nangona kubaluleke kakhulu, indoda, ngelanga, iyaqhubeka isonakalisa i-savannah ngokuchanekileyo. Ngoko, eMzantsi Melika, ngenxa yokutshisa emasimini, imithi eminingi iyafa. Imimandla emikhulu ye-savannah ihlambuluka rhoqo ngamahlathi. Kuze kube kutshanje, e-Australia, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-4800 zeenkomo zacinywa rhoqo ngonyaka ukuze zinike amadlelo emfuyo. Km yehlathi. Ngoku iziganeko ezinjalo zisiwe. Imithi emininzi yemingcipheko inokuchaphazela umonakalo kwisimo se-savannah (i-Nile acacia, ukuhlanza kweLlandata, i-Opuntia kunye nabanye).

Utshintsho lwemozulu lukhokelela ekutshintsheni kumsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo se-savannah. Ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, izityalo ezinamafutha zihlupheke kakhulu. Ndifuna ukukholelwa ukuba abantu baya kuqala ukukhusela imvelo.