Array. Izakhi uluhlu. Isixamali esiyi-elements uluhlu, inani

Programming - yinto ende, inkqubo yoyilo. kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukufunda into kule ndawo, ukuba akukho ukwazi ukuqonda imigaqo phezu yakhiwe Apps. Namhlanje siya sithethe malunga uluhlu, izinto uluhlu kunye nemisebenzi ezilula kunye nabo.

definition

Ngaphambi kokuba usebenze lwesi sakhi lwe bume lwenkqubo ke , kufuneka siyiqonde into sisebenzisana. Ootitshala kwiiyunivesithi uvumelekile ukuba awaphinde iinkcazelo zakho abstruse kwaye zifuna ukuba afunde kubo, kodwa akunamsebenzi lo wenkqubo kubalulekile ukuqonda kakuhle kwaye ukwazi ukuyicacisa kwabanye. Yintoni uluhlu lokulwa? Iziqalelo uluhlu ewonke kwaye wenze le nto. Ngamanye amazwi, iseti, itafile, iindidi amaxabiso umtya. Bonke kunye akha uluhlu olunonjolweyo lwezinto. Kubonakala uluhlu efana nale:

• M (i), apho M - ke uluhlu ngokwayo, igama layo. i - inani uluhlu element. Kunye, ezi amanani amabini zifundwe njengoko i-th element uluhlu M.

Ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo lwenkqubo, le milinganiselo zabelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Hi xikombiso, ku Pascal elinamanani zingenzeka kuphela amanani kunye variable i ibe kuphela uhlobo elipheleleyo. E PHP, izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kukho i - i isitshixo ekuvumela ukuba ufumane umba, kwaye akunamsebenzi kwi uluhlu, ukuba iqhosha kuya kuba lonke ilizwi - uluhlu ( "ibha"). Ngokwenza njalo, izinto uluhlu kunokuba ngokupheleleyo naluphi na uhlobo.

imijikelo

Lo mqondo luncedo kuthi kuqwalaselwe eminye imisebenzi uluhlu. Imijikelo - aveza ezinemiqathango ukuphindaphinda ukusebenza efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo logama nje kungekho ukwenzeka imeko. iintlobo ezimbini imijikelo zinako ukuqatshelwa.

• "Hayi noko." Kulo mzekelo, umzimba yomtya iya kuphindwa de imeko lokugqibela. Oko kukuthi, kuqala counter utshintsho, kwaye emva koko ziya kubalwa; kwandule ke umjikelo uphelisa.
• "Ngoko kude." Nale ngobuwena ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Okokuqala, khangela imeko kubulawa, koko wazibulala umjikelo inkqubo, abese ekhawuntarini.

Enyanisweni, zombini iinketho alingana, kwimeko yethu ayinamsebenzi nguwuphi ukusebenzisa; kodwa elowo uya kuba luncedo indlela yakhe.

Ngaphezu

Kwezinye iimeko, uhlelo kufuneka ukwazi ukuba yintoni na udibaniso iziqalelo uluhlu. Phantsi lo msebenzi oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukudibanisa zonke iziqalelo uluhlu. Nalo siya kuncedwa mijikelo. Kulo mzekelo, siya ngeke wasixhoma phezu ulwimi oluthile lokuprograma nokuchaza umqolo ukuba umgca kufuneka ziqulathe.

1. Asithandi nesebenzayo. Kufuneka ukuba ukubhengeza uluhlu lwe 'M', inombolo uluhlu isiqalelo counter "i", variable ebonisa inani lweziqalelo uluhlu "ukuba", kwakunye ne-bume "R", nto leyo eya kusenza ukuba isiphumo nokusebenza.
2. Ngenisa inani lweziqalelo uluhlu "kwi" nayiphi na indlela.
3. Faka izinto uluhlu. Uyakwazi eyicwangcisa ngokusebenzisa uthotho lwencoko kunye umsebenzisi okanye inike ixabiso ngamnye.
4. Siza kunikela i = 1, R = 0.
5. Ngoku ke inxenye enzima. Kufuneka ukuba loop. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka kuqala ukhethe uhlobo. Ngezantsi sinikela umzekelo kwimiba ngomjikelo count. Ngokomzekelo, wasebenzisa ulwimi lokuprograma - Pascal.

phinda

R = R + M [i];

i = i + 1;

de i> k

Yintoni esiyibonayo? Okokuqala ivula umjikelo "phinda" umyalelo. Emva koko, ixabiso sangaphambili variable, okuthetha isixa leziqalelo bonke uluhlu, siya nongeza esinye elementi uluhlu. counter okukodwa (Inombolo uluhlu). Okulandelayo, iqela 'de' sihlole ukuba counter loop uye ngaphaya uluhlu. Ngapha koko, ukuba siye kuphela izakhi 5 (k = 5), uze udibanise M [6] Akayi kukuhlumisa ingqondo, kuya kuba sodwa.

isimo

Ngaphambi kokuba ahambele phambili umsebenzi elandelayo kwimiboniso, makhe ukukhumbula iingxelo yoxhomekeko. Ezininzi iilwimi lwenkqubo, i lwesivakalisi sijongeka njengoku:

ukuba (imeko) ngoko (uthotho imiyalelo) enye into (imiyalelo ukuba imeko akunjalo);

inkcazo jikelele unokuvakala ngolu hlobo: "Ukuba imeko kuyinyaniso, uthabathe ibloko yokuqala imiyalelo, okanye ukwenza ibloko yesibini." iingxelo ezikhutshwa phantsi kwemiqathango ziluncedo ukuthelekisa amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokumisela 'ikamva' zabo. Kunye lemijikelo, baba uluhlu enamandla lwesixhobo analysis data.

uthelekiso

Oko kunjalo ivumela ukuba enze uluhlu lokulwa? Elements of the uluhlu nga zinokulungiswa ngayo, ubone ukuba ihambelane neemeko ezithile, kunye ukuthelekisa phakathi kwezinye. Omnye umzekelo zam ndiyithandayo oonjingalwazi eyunivesithi - ukufumana i element iphezulu uluhlu. Umzekelo, sebenzisa i C ++ ulwimi.

• Ngaphandle kokuba zibe iinkcukacha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuvakalisa variables efanayo njengoko bekunjalo kumzekelo wokuqala, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa. Olunye uhlobo umjikelo abe ukukopela kancinane. Ityala omtsha "i = 0". Kutheni oko, sichaza ngezantsi.

lo gama (i <= k)

{

i = i + 1; // okanye kufakwe i + = 1;

ukuba (R <= M [i])

{

R = M [i]

}

}

Njengoko kubonakala, olu hlobo umjikelo, kuqala lijonga imeko, uze kuphela iqala ubala mali. Yintoni kanye eyenzekayo? Okokuqala, khangela ukungalingani ukunyaniseka i <= k, ukuba kunjalo, siza ukuya element lokuqala uluhlu M [1], uthelekise with "R" wethu hlola variables. Ukuba "R" mncinci kuno njengento uluhlu, ngoko ke unikwe ixabiso element. Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha, xa siya ngokusebenzisa lonke uluhlu, kuya kuba inani mkhulu.

PHP

Le yeyona olunye lweelwimi ezininzi ethandwa kweenkqubo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba uninzi nkqu zedyunivesithi baziincamisa bafundiswa ukuba kuye kodwa ezisisiseko ezininzi banal kwinkosi kwindawo kunye ganda yesihlanu. Yintoni na eyahlukileyo kangaka kwezinye iilwimi ingqalelo yi kuthi?

PHP ivumela wenkqubo ukwenza uluhlu kakhulu ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. izinto Array kungaba ngokupheleleyo naluphi na uhlobo. Ukuba ku Pascal enye, kufuneka ukuba uchaze uhlobo eyodwa (umzekelo, inani), ngoko akukho ndlela ukubhala umgca isicatshulwa, ngaphandle kokutshintsha uhlobo uluhlu ... Kodwa ukuba utshintshe udidi, kwaye idata yamanani kulo liya kuba njengokubhaliweyo okungenanto kuphela, kwaye ngoko ke asikwazi ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi zezibalo kunye nabo ngaphandle ikhowudi ezongeziweyo intloko ebuhlungu.

In PHP uluhlu element - iyunithi ezimeleyo. Le uluhlu isetyenziselwa kuphela lula yokugcina lokusingatha. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba abo abaqhele ukusebenza kunye kwimiboniso kwezinye pls, ungenza amalungiselelo ngokuchanekileyo izinto counter efanayo. Isibheno izinto uluhlu kwi PHP a bit inzima ngaphezu kwezinye iilwimi, kodwa kubalulekile ngayo.

ngenxa

Yintoni esiyithethayo esiphelweni? Ma - indawo yokugcina data yoyilo, ukuvumela ukuba zisebenza ngexesha umsebenzi ininzi kakhulu inkcazelo. Eli nqaku alibonakali ingqalelo kwimiboniso yoyilo, ngenxa yokuba lo mbandela enye ingxoxo. Ekugqibeleni lwengcebiso kancinane. Ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda kwimiboniso phantsi ukucinga uthotho amanani - apha kuqala, kodwa yesibini njalo njalo. Nguwo lo uluhlu. Ukuba ufuna ukuqhagamshelana omnye wabo, khetha nje inombolo program. Olu luvo kulula kakhulu ubomi bakho esikolweni. Khumbula, akusoloko kubalulekile ukuphulaphula ootitshala intetho engavakaliyo, kungcono ukufumana indlela eya ukuqonda yesihloko.