Yintoni i ekrwada? Iron ore idipozithi. ore Russia

Ngaphandle ioli ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye negesi, kukho ezinye ezibalulekileyo izimbiwa. Ezi ziquka sisimbiwa, ezo kwenziwe zesinyithi ahle kwaye nonferrous ngohlaziyo. Ukubakho nsimbi - na ubutyebi naliphi na ilizwe.

Yintoni i ekrwada?

Ngalinye iinzululwazi zendalo iimpendulo zakhe lo mbuzo. Mineralogy igqiba izimbiwa ekrwada njengento aggregate, izifundo apho kuyimfuneko ukuphucula inkqubo nezokukhupha abo zexabiso, kwaye chemistry ufunda ukwakhiwa iziqalelo esikrwada ukuze ukubona isiqulatho ubunjani kunye ubungakanani zesinyithi apho.

Geology liqwalasela lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na le ekrwada" ngokwemiqathango ukufaneleka ukusetyenziswa zabo mveliso, ngenxa yokuba lo inzululwazi kufundwa ngesakhiwo kunye neenkqubo ibakho elingaphakathi-langa, iimeko ukubunjwa amatye kunye neeminerali, ukuhlola yesibambiso ezintsha bezimbiwa. Bamele iindawo kumphezulu komhlaba, apho isiphumo seenkqubo zejoloji efunde inani elaneleyo ukuba iimanyano kwizimbiwa ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

ores Education

Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na okanye lokucutha" Ngaba kufuneka iphendulwe ngendlela ngokupheleleyo. Ore - iliwa kunye nesinyithi zoshishino umxholo kulo. Kuphela kule meko isiphathele ixabiso. metal ore magma kuyilwa ngexesha okupholisa, eliquka iikhompawundi zayo. Noko ke, bona nokuntlalutyisa, ukuba isasazwa inkulu sobunzima wayo atomic. Eyona ngxaki yokuwa ezantsi iziqina yenzelwe umaleko eyahlukileyo. Ezinye izimbiwa zakha ngamatye, kwanoNowadiya kulwelo daka kolwandle kwaqhenqetha phezu ungalanjathiswa. Elements esikuzo, congealing ukwakha imicu. Rocks, ukuwa phantsi kwempembelelo amandla endalo, ezifakwe kwi emazantsi amachibi, wokusungula yodaka. Kuxhomekeka ukwakhiwa ilitye elenziwa ekrwada ezahlukeneyo metal.

nsimbi

Iintlobo kwezi izimbiwa ziyahluka kakhulu. Yintoni nsimbi, nangesinyithi ethile? Ukuba ekrwada iqulethe imali eyaneleyo ukuze processing industrial ngesinyithi, ibizwa ngokuba i intsimbi. Ahluke unemvelaphi, iikhemikhali Ukwakhiwa, kwaye umxholo ukungcola zesinyithi kwaye inokuba luncedo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le iqhotyoshelweyo iintsimbi non-ayoni, ezifana chromium okanye nickel, kodwa kukwakho yingozi - isalfure okanye phosphorus.

Khemikhali Ukubunjwa le ores intsimbi thaca oxides zayo ezahlukeneyo hydroxides, okanye iityuwa గుర్తులు ibhaloni oxide yentsimbi. Ngokuba ores kuphuhliswa obomvu, nangwevu, kunye magnetite kunye hematite - ziyashukuxwa kakhulu izityebi kwaye ziqulathe intsimbi ngaphezu kwama-50%. Xa olusilelayo ziquka ezo apho ukwakhiwa ngaphantsi luncedo - 25%.

Ukubunjwa iphawu lokwengeza okanye lokucutha

nsimbi Magnetic na oxide yentsimbi. Iqulethe ngaphezu kwama-70%, kodwa lifumaneka iidipozithi kunye pyrites isalfure, maxa wambi xa idibene nezinki blende kunye namanye amaziko. Lodestone kubhekwa intle ores ezisetyenzisiweyo. Hematite siqulethe ukuya kwi-70% yentsimbi. intsimbi - yentsimbi oxide - yenye yemithombo ehlambulukileyo imveliso metal. A analogs brown kufuneka ukuya kwi-60% omxholo zentsimbi kunye kwafunyanwa ubumdaka, maxa wambi yingozi. Bathe zolwelo oxide zentsimbi kunye ekhatshwa phantse zonke ores zentsimbi. Kwakhona lula elula imveliso, inkqubo, nangona kunjalo, intsimbi efunyenwe kolu hlobo ore ezikumgangatho ophantsi.

Ngokutsho intsimbi ekrwada idipozithi imvelaphi, ukuba yahlulwe amaqela amakhulu amathathu.

1. Zemveli okanye magmatogene. ukubunjwa yabo ngenxa yeenkqubo geochemical ibakho ezinzulwini kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, iziganeko ukubona.
2. Angaphandle, okanye ngaphezulu, iidiphozithi badalwa ngenxa yeenkqubo ezenzeka kummandla umphezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, oko kukuthi, ngomhla emazantsi amachibi, imilambo kunye neelwandle.
3. iidipozithi Metamorphogenic akhiwa kubunzulu ezaneleyo emhlabeni komhlaba phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye lobushushu efanayo.

Iron ore oovimba kweli lizwe

Russia osisityebi ezahlukeneyo emasimini. I hlabathi inkulu - kukuba i Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, eziquka phantse-50% zolondolozo zehlabathi. Kulo mmandla, eli anomaly magnethi yabonwa ngenkulungwane XVIII, kodwa ke uphuhliso iidiphozithi baqalisa kuphela 30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. ekrwada oovimba echibini ezinomthamo eliphezulu ngesinyithi ecocekileyo, ukuba alinganiswa iibhiliyoni iitoni nokuba indlela evulekileyo okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Bakchar intsimbi ekrwada idipozithi, leyo yenye sikhulu kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi, ivulwe 60s zenkulungwane lokugqibela. ore oovimba kulo kunye yoxinaniso yentsimbi ecocekileyo kunye 60% zimalunga 30 billion neetoni.

I Krasnoyarsk Territory yi Abagasskoe intsimi - kunye ores magnetite. Ngathi yabhaqwa imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, nangona kunjalo, kwaqala ukuba kuphela kwisiqingatha senkulungwane. Kwimimandla North noMzantsi echibini ukuba kwemigodi open-emhadini, yaye isixa ngqo loovimba million 73 tons.

Kwavulwa ngo1856, oko esasebenzayo Abakan intsimbi ekrwada idipozithi. Ekuqaleni uphuhliso lwenziwe ngendlela evulekileyo nge-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane XX - komhlaba kubunzulu yeemitha 400. Isiqulatho metal olunyulu ekrwada uza 48%.

nickel ore

Yintoni ekrwada nickel? Mineral namabandla okusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezorhwebo olu, ngokuba ores nickel. Kukho emanzini ngobhedu kunye nickel umxholo metal ecocekileyo ukuba umyinge okwisine ekhulwini yaye sisimbiwa nickel silicate, nto leyo inani efanayo kwi 2.9%. Uhlobo lokuqala idiphozithi idla uhlobo daka, kwaye nezentsimbi ekrwada silicate ibekwe kwimimandla yemozulu uqweqwe.

Kuphuhliso lwamashisini nickel i eRashiya edibene kuphuhliso indawo yabo kuMbindi Urals phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX. Phantse 85% iidipozithi sulphide ukuba ummandla ucukene kumbindi Norilsk. Imali kwi Taimyr Peninsula ukuqhama kunye nokwahluka loovimba yezimbiwa - ngobukhulu kwaye elifana kakhulu ehlabathini, nto leyo 56 ka periodic table lweziqalelo. Kumgangatho ores nickel Russia ayikho enasilela ngayo kwamanye amazwe, kwaye unalungelo lini na ukuba Ukongezelela ziqulathe izinto ezinqabileyo.

kuMbindi naseMzantsi Urals kwi Kola yeKapa malunga neshumi ekhulwini kwezibonelelo sulphide nickel emasimini yaye liphuhlise iidipozithi silicate.

Ore Russia luphawulwa inani kunye iintlobo eziyimfuneko izicelo industrial. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, ukuba iimeko ezinzima zendalo yemveliso, obungalinganiyo kwilizwe liphela, ukuba ukungafani ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo kulo mmandla kunye nengxinano yabemi.