Hazel - ityholwana okanye umthi? Inkcazelo nezom-amangile, iifoto

Ummi of Asia Minor, filbert (hazelnut) kwafikela kumbindi Europe, amahlathi zaseCaucasus, iMelika kunye Canada. Ummeli lentsapho Birch, ngenxa incasa yawo eyodwa kunye uhombiso kakhulu, yenze iimina kudala malunga abalimi ehlabathini lonke. inkcubeko ethatyathwe, eyaziwa phantsi kwegama kusekho hazelnuts, yenyuka ngendlela engazange mveliso kwimimandla esemazantsi. amatyholo asendle zifumaneka emahlathini yoMzantsi phambene kunye ummandla Perm, neCaucasus kwiiNtaba. Namhlanje makhe sithethe yintoni amangile na ityholwana okanye umthi, luthe lwahluma kwaye zisetyenziswe njani? Siza kufunda malunga neendidi kunye nokusasazwa izityalo emhlabeni, malunga nezo ukuzinakekela, ukwandisa imveliso yawo kunye neempawu zokuhombisa.

Hazel: Le ityholwana okanye umthi?

Hazel ityholwana idibanisa uhlanga, kodwa phakathi iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-20 abameli balo kukho imithi. Umzekelo, bazale amandongomane, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi - a ndlovu ezikulu umthi, omde kunye mncane, ukumila omhle isithsaba. Noko ke, iintlobo ezininzi nezom - onke amatyholo efanayo, iintlobo zasendle kuzo zenze undergrowth zeyamane emahlathini avuthulukayo. Eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwaye nexabiso loqoqosho eliphezulu nezom-amangile ehlathini okanye Hazel eqhelekileyo. Imbali umdla ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "amangile." Eli gama lokuzalwa Russian livela kwihi waphawula imilo igqabi ifomu ityholwana umzimba echibini iintlanzi bream, eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo Rusich umondli yi.

Yintoni Hazel?

Uninzi kweentlobo ze amangile ibhekisela ityholwana avuthulukayo kunye ajikelezayo enkulu ushiya umbala zobungangamela eliluhlaza zizityebi. Hazel kudla ukufudumeza, imihlaba emanzi otyebileyo lwamahlathi ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo iyahambelana kakhulu nabahlali zabo: emiterebhintini, nemiterebhinti, maples, lilawula kweli undergrowth, yaye ngokufuthi bakha nodonga esiqinileyo. iintlobo Wild of nezom - it branched ityholwana ezininzi zinti evela nesiqu. Ngelo ukuphakama bafikelela iimitha 3-5. Ezihlabayo Ungaphinda-phinda ngokukha (izithole kunye scions) okanye imbewu - nuts. Qala ukuze athwale isiqhamo eneminyaka 6-7 lapho ukuveza imbewu, kwi kunyaka yesi-4 - ngexesha lokwanda kwezityalo. Summer bush Hazel walamba ngokulula ezichongiweyo ngokuba imilo mbhoxo, ihonjiswe esesiphelweni amazinyo ezincinane kunye incam elibukhali. Hazel leaf uyahluka rhabaxa kancinane ukuya ukuguda noburhabaxa ukuchukumisa.

Ngokomthetho inkcubeko nezom - yinto ityholwana iimitha 5-6 aphakamileyo amaxolo egudileyo, umbala apho iyahluka nombala ukuya abangasekhoyo ubumba brown. Amahlumelo Young ngokuqhelekileyo zipeyintwe ngezandi ezingwevu-eluhlaza, Zinokuxutywa amaqhakuvana amancinane elityheli. Amahlumelo Ulutsha Imbonakalo iyafana ngamasebe zomgunyathi, oko kwahlukile kuphela pubescence ngokwaneleyo ashinyeneyo. almondi, Namagatya kulula ukuxuba kunye Elm. Yaye amagqabi, amaxolo yaye ziyafana kakhulu nombala onjani. Kodwa kukho umahluko. Xa Elm, njengomthi lenene, njalo buti enye kuphela, yaye amahlumelo aselula amangile elikwisininzi, nto leyo ehambisana etyholweni. Ukongeza, uHazel amathupha okweqanda engwevu-eluhlaza, yaye Elm - bubomvu sisinge.

iimpawu uhlobo

Hazel - ityholwana okanye umthi, ilungu isityalo monoecious, kodwa ekumisweni kwamadoda ezahlukeneyo kunye neentyatyambo ababhinqileyo kwi inkcubeko enye. iintyatyambo yesilisa embewini, bahlangana inflorescences ezithambileyo mthubi, ezifana ezinde okanye embewini alder. Wayibeka ngoJuni nangoJulayi, ukuba sele ibonakala ngokucacileyo ukuwa entlahleni entwasahlobo ekuqaleni, kamsinya nje perezimuet isityalo. Umoya luzobe kwaye ethwala umungu.

inflorescences ababhinqileyo kusebenza ezingabonakaliyo. Equka amancinci, ambathe licinezelwe kwamanye imibala ngalinye, ukuba ngaphakathi isinye kidney, njengoko senziwa ngexesha elidlulileyo. Ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo ishq enamagqabi ukuyigubungela yokudubula, ukuhamba ngaphandle, uvumela ukubamba umungu kuthwalwa ngumoya, kwavela stigmas ezibomvu neziqaqambileyo.

iintlobo Hazel

Rhode Hazel, uniko manani, iintlobo ezimalunga nama-20, emelwe kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. bonke ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ke iintlobo ezininzi luphawulwa ukunganyangeki iqabaka eliphezulu kade. Hazel na nabalulamileyo, amila ezininzi imihlaba, kodwa nokuphuhlisa ngempumelelo lixakathe iziqhamo nakwimihlaba echumayo ngakumbi. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo yamantongomane (oko ityholwana okanye umthi) hygrophilous, kodwa amanzi agqithisileyo akayidingi longcebiso. Isambuku iyakwazi ukwenza umthunzi encinane, kodwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo enelanga yemveliso zokuhombisa kunye hazelnut kangangoko phezulu kangangoko. Nazi ezinye iintlobo hazels.

Hazel ezifanayo

Olu hlobo imelwe elikhulu multi-rose ityholwana ukuya kwiimitha 4-6 ukuphakama nesithsaba onabileyo ebanzi. A phawu olulodwa uhlobo izityalo idubula ngaphambi ecinga. Yiloo nto iinyosi kangaka babekuthanda amangile. namacici Gold Hazel, ukubonakala kudala ngaphambi kokuba imithi eneentyatyambo ubunzima kunye namatyholo, iinyosi kunceda ukubuyisa emva kobusika elide. Hazel ushiya oluhlaza zesiqhelo buthuntu, ngasemva ukukhanya, ekwindla - yellow kunye. Growth Hazel yokungalingani. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yenzeka kancinci. E 5-6, unyaka zawo ekukhuleni, kusenziwa kakhulu kumagqabi abaselula. Kwindalo, lo hazelnut ihlathi basasazeke ummandla yaseYurophu eRashiya kunye usingasiqithi iCrimea eNtshona Yurophu kunye eCaucasus.

Bhere nut okanye umthi filbert

Bhere nut - umthi ummeli, imisindo evela kwetyholo kwinkqubo-nakwizizalwana iyonke. Le isayizi umthi avareji ukuya 15-20 ubukhulu isithsaba ukuya kwiimitha 6-8 ukuphakama kunye neemitha, ukuba isiqu ezibhityileyo ezintle.

Zobungangamela shirokopiramidalnaya isithsaba umthi omhle kwaye yahlukile kwezinye iintlobo othwesa ngezithsaba yentsunguzi kwamahlamvu eluhlaza limnyama okwentyatyambo ekuseni kakhulu futhi qhubeka kwi amasebe. Hazel - umthi, Bathiwe wambu ixolo ezimhlophe-ndiyingwevu, iipleyiti ephumayo elimxinwa. Bear Nut kuyakhula ngokukhawuleza, ithunzi-proof nengqele-ukumelana, oko akoyiki yembalela, kodwa ikhulela ngcono kwimihlaba ivundiswe wamatye. Fruits - uhlobo amandongomane abayinqobo, kunye ukurhangqa nokuthantamisa, dissected ibe ngamacetyana igiya obhityileyo. Hazel umthi a enqabileyo, nangona inkcubeko ukungafuni: kuba lula bhetyebhetye, iminyaka yobomi bakhe ufikelela kwiminyaka engama-200, iphinde izivelise kwakhona ngokuthi emva komnye nembewu. nezom-Wild - umthi, nto leyo ifumaneka eCaucasus kunye akwiiBalkan, e-Asia Minor. Hazel umthi - undwendwe enqabileyo emahlathini entabeni avuthulukayo. Le nkcubeko Russian likhuselwe zoovimba. Bear Anut ethile, ephelele umhombiso lezitrato sitsib, iyasebenza Ukutyala yomgama.

Lombard nut (Filbert)

Monumentally abade amangile bush kunye namasebe zobungangamela ngqo ndiyingwevu, zikhula ukuya ku-10 eemitha ubude. Amagqabi elintlangothi ajikelezayo ojikojiko. Lombard Anut - isiko thermophilic, hardiness ebusika low yakhe. Kulinywa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo njengoko ityholo nuciferous, Filbert eqhelekileyo KwiiBalkans kunye Asia Minor.

Ityholo ivelisa amahlumelo zonyaka pubescent ashinyeneyo. Amagqabi le nkcubeko ngokubanzi, phantse ngeenxa ukuya ku 10-12 cm ububanzi, amilise okwentliziyo esisekweni, ukuphelisa enkcochoyini elifutshane elibukhali. umhombiso Zobungangamela ke amacici amadoda amakhulu ngayo, ukufikelela cm ezilishumi. Fruits ifomu socket bamaQela apho kukho nga ukuya ku-8 ezikhuselweyo anoboya tubular isongelwe.

Lombard Anut kuba ngukhokho izinto ezityaliweyo of hazelnuts, ezinexabiso mveliso. Yena etshatsheleyo ekuphuhliseni aqhamileyo, imihlaba air-akubonakali otyebileyo kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa yolwabiwo njengento ityholwana zokuhomba.

uhlobo Krasnolistnyh of amangile

Iifom Ezo Hazel entle kakhulu ngenxa yamahlamvu umbala engaqhelekanga kwaye multicore, phezulu (iimitha ukuya ku-4) ityholwana ngezimfusa amnyama kushiya enkulu, yisongele isiqalo ebomvu foetal kunye nut imibala anemibala pink. Krasnolistnyh Hazel - isihlahla zokuhombisa kakhulu. Kodwa yena a southerner oyinyaniso, yaye kakhulu ebusika ezinezinga ziingcathu Russian yatshabalalisa ezi ntlobo hazelnut. Noko ke, okuye ubusika inika iziphumo ezilungileyo: isityalo ayitshanga, kodwa okwentyatyambo baze bangavelisi siqhamo. Kwasala umsebenzi zokuhombisa, kuko okwadala ukuba kuyilwe Ambiance ekhethekileyo kule ndawo.

Hazel sesiManchu

amangile sesiManchu Cold-ukumelana kwaye kakhulu umthunzi enyamezelayo eqhelekileyo kwiMpuma Ekude, Primorye, Korea, kumantla China. Ngaba ityholwana ukuya kutsho kwiimitha 4-5 ukuphakama kunye amahlumelo kakhulu multiple eyayizalwa. Idume ukuba iimpawu aphilisayo iziqhamo kunye neempawu bokuhombisa: ixolo iithowuni mdaka, Namagatya abaselula exineneyo pubescent, amagqabi elaneleyo soft - mnyama oluhlaza ehlotyeni, ekwindla bafumane-orenji obutofotofo oqaqambileyo okanye neethowuni igolide. Isiqhamo nezom - mazwi nut etsolo ukuba ezixatyisiweyo iyeza zaseTshayina ngenxa iimpawu ezinkulu anti-ukudumba.

Hazel Asia

Ityholwana efikelela eziimitha ezintathu ukuphakama, kunye kwintsunguzi, onabileyo isithsaba. Asian Hazel got igama layo ukusuka amagqabi ejika abangasekhoyo umbala kwixesha lonyaka lokukhula eyodwa. Amagqabi ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, obovate ebanzi kunye prongs ezintathu phezulu kwi tathu ezi ubumba umthunzi ehlotyeni - amagqabi mnyama amanzi futhi mbala segolide--orenji ziqina Hazel ekwindla. Asian Hazel transfers kakhulu, nkqu imbalela, iqabaka ukumelana, iyahluka fruiting kwangoko kakhulu. Uhlobo uthando yokukhanya, kodwa ezinye pritenenie ubunzima cwaka. Yande kwimpuma eSiberia, e-Asia, kwimimandla Far Eastern of Russia. Eyafunyanwa undergrowth kwamahlathi ephikisanayo kunye pine, kwakunye emiphethweni, clearings, phezu kwamaxandeka iinduli, ukwakha ematyholweni nezangaphakathi.

Corylus cornuta

Uhlaza multicore ityholwana, lingabi kufutshane ngeemitha ngaphezu ezintathu ukuphakama, wafumana igama lawo uhlobo ambala outer iziqhamo tubular, azithe kwaye yibhola kwityhubhu ongathi uphondo encinane. On imilenze pubescent zicwangciswe yedwa okanye nesithandwa sakhe. Amandongomane enkulu (1.5 cm), ezityiwayo, kodwa kunzima ukusahlula ilingana. Jonga Hardy ukungafuni.

Kulinywa ukususela 1745. Kwindalo, isityalo kuxhaphakile kwimpuma yale States Intshona Melika.

isicelo

Hazel kukhulu isityalo zokuhomba. Lusetyenziswa izityalo avenue kunye ezintangweni. Kodwa almondi, kumazantsi ikhule njengesityalo ukutya. Hazelnuts - imveliso enexabiso eliphezulu lesondlo. Yagxila izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze umzimba: iiproteni, amafutha, iikhabhohayidrethi, phantse zonke iivithamini B, kwakunye uluhlu olubanzi siphande izinto kunye nemixube ezizodwa. Kushishino yokutya sele ngokwemveli Anut idumile ngenxa ixabiso layo eliphezulu lesondlo kunye incasa elihle. Kuyinto buyafuneka ekuvelisweni kweti i-confectionery kunye sweets ezahlukeneyo, isetyenziswa lokufaka ekwenziweni yetshokolethi, cream, caramel, no qweqwe. Piece hazelnuts egcadiweyo - uju ozithandayo abaninzi.

Iintlobo zezityalo amangile (zasendle azakhela) ilifa iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zokuhombisa kwaye ukupha iziqhamo enencasa yaye isempilweni.