Usapho Birch. Birch usapho: incazelo neefoto

ubuhle birches neyi ukuba akubonakali kuphela emahlathini, kodwa kwiipaki, izitrato nezikwere, kanye aphilisa nokuxubana yamandulo kunye Druids yaye njengengcwele. Usapho Birch iquka kwisizukulwana 6 zemithi, nto leyo yahlulwe iintlobo 234.

Eyona abathandekayo iziqu phakathi kwezizwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwaba ezinde. Yena bazinikela imibongo yabhalwa malunga legend yakhe, wasebenzisa yakhe incindi ephilisa amnika imirhumo. Yonke imithi ubandakanyeka Birch (abameli - hornbeam, alder, uHazel, ezinde kunye nabanye), amayeza, ezo isasetyenziswa nangoku amayeza.

ezinde ekhaya

Ngubani oye waba esilisikizi ezinde, uyazi ukuba umoya ithatha enyulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba le amagqabi omthi ayikhuphi eguquguqukayo - izinto antibacterial ezizodwa ukuze izenze umoya ongcolileyo. Olu phawu wayewazi amadoda bamandulo, oko isetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwezitalato sixeko iigesi zeemoto ngabayili bezakhiwo zeedolophu zale mihla. Kungenxa yoko le nto ixhaphake kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na umthi park yoluntu - ukusuka kusapho ezinde. Kwakhona iquka: hornbeam, uHazel, alder, kunye ostrya ostryopsis.

Le ezinde ezimhlophe ezaziwayo-kakuhle yahlulwe amade kunye Fastigiata. Birch usapho bobabo imithi ezivuthulukayo, umoya-ezimvumvuzelwa kwaye homed.

ezinde White

Ikhula White ezinde pendula (Betula verrucosa) eYurophu, eMntla Melika, Central Asia kunye naseMntla Afrika. Lo mthi ifikelela 30 m ubude kwaye aphile iminyaka eli-120 okanye ngaphezulu. I young sinombala intlaka, kodwa ke eyi-8, kuba emhlophe. Kungenxa umbala yayo yaba igama layo. Iguqulwe kwi drevnekeltskogo betu lithetha "emhlophe", ngoko ke idayi kwi amaxolo ekuthiwa betulin.

Igama amade ezinde awawafumana amadlala emnandi kwi amasebe awo, khangela ngathi intsumpa ezincinane. Kushiya - le nto esihlanganisa usapho ezinde. iimpawu ngokubanzi iinkxalabo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kuwo. Bathi bidentate, ezinye, lafikelela ubude ukusuka cm-4 ukuya kwesi-7 ububanzi - ukususela cm-2 ukuya ku-5 kwiintlobo ezininzi ezinde. Iya isanda, ukuba smooth okanye ifihle kancinane kunye villi, kodwa kukho kwakhona i "waziva 'pubescence.

Inkqubo Ingcambu ezinde enamandla, kodwa ibe zombini umphezulu yaye unzulu. It ithanda kumhlaba otyebileyo, izichumiso kunye nokunyityilikiswa nokuphuculwa kwezimbiwa-rich. Kweentyatyambo umthi ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi, iziqhamo (peanuts ezincinane) abaqolileyo ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba. Ezityalwe imbewu.

ezinde Fastigiata

Olu hlobo amade ezinde yohlukile ngayo isakhiwo isithsaba. It libanzi tapered, kwaye amasebe ziya kuncothulwa, ngokuchaseneyo wayo zibhetyebhetye "izalamane." Xa ukuphakama low - weemitha ezili-10 kuphela Fastigiata (Birch Family) yinkqubo iingcambu kunye buti anti-umoya a anamandla kakhulu.

Umthi likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - ku-40 cm ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye iminyaka yobomi azifane lidlula iminyaka eli-100. Kwamahlamvu iyafana naleyo i ezinde, kodwa waqhubeka ixesha elide, de kokwindla. Kweentyatyambo iintyatyambo ezincinane eluhlaza, rhoqo ukuya ku-1 cm.

Lo mthi ngokulinganayo ukunyamezeleka kakuhle nje ihlobo owomileyo yaye kubanda ebusika. izinambuzane Natural - Wanga bhungane, weevils (beetle), Bucephalus Corydalis, scolytus ezinde ndela nanundu.

alder

Nangona alder kunye ezinde zibandakanyiwe kudidi, usapho kuqhayisa lomthi ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphezu koko. It ukhetheke lonke:

• Okokuqala, oko esezansi ekuqaleni, uze ukunyibilika amagqabi.
• Okwesibini, alder "ivula" emthonjeni. Kweentyatyambo iqala xa emhlabeni nangoku egubungele likhephu, nangokuvutha aphengela kuphela emoyeni.
• Okwesithathu, amagqabi awo musa tyheli kwaye ziyawa kuvuthwa, ekwindla emva kwexesha.
• Okwesine, lo alder walamba ezaliswe initrogen ukuze fertilizes umhlaba apho umthi ukhula.

• Okwesihlanu, iimpawu ezizodwa nemithi yayo kuba nzima xa isetyenziswe ukufuma yenza kube sele ekwakhiweni amaqula kunye nokuveliswa nemigqomo.

Nangona kukho abamalunga nama-50 iintlobo kulo mthi, i ixhaphakileyo ezimbini - alder emnyama hina. Name black (ngcina - igama yesibini), lafumana enkosi yomboko wayo, nto leyo mnyama njengoko bekhula. Ngcina libizwa ngenxa amagqabi. Amaninzi likhula wedwa okanye iqela elincinane elifanayo imithi. Nentyatyambo alder abamnyama iqala ngo-Apreli, kwaye isiqhamo ivuthwe ngokupheleleyo kuphela emva konyaka. Umthanda ukukhanya nokufuma.

Alder akapheleli nje nesiqu umbala, kodwa ishiya. Enzima, iqabaka ukumelana yaye ikhula umhlaba mibi. Ekubeni alder uyakwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ematyholweni kuyo, ke amaninzi utyelwe ukubethelela iibhanki kunye kwamaxandeka kwizihlambo bevala.

hornbeam

Usapho lukwabandakanya ezinde hornbeam. Ilizwe yakhe ingqalelo i-China kunye Asia. Yena uba mkhulu emthunzini kwaye elangeni, kodwa ithanda umhlaba ufumile, ngoko ehlobo kufuneka yamanzi olongezelelweyo.

Iminyaka Life hornbeam a abanakwanela usapho Birch, abameli uphawu apho ngokubanzi ngexesha elinye, lo gama i-nani umlinganiselo iminyaka 100-120. lula Umthi efanayo ubomi iminyaka 300, zikhula ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha 30 yaye ububanzi - 8 m.

Hornbeam kom oyindoda amancinane yokudubula basetyhini ngohlobo namajikazi, kodwa iqala kuphela ukuthwala isiqhamo emva kweminyaka 15-20. Inkuni kulo mthi isetyenziswa ukwenza ifanitshala kunye nempahla, kodwa ke kuphela emva kokuba unyango ekhethekileyo anokungenwa, njengoko ibizela ukufuma ngokukhawuleza kuguga.

filbert

Lonke usapho ezinde, ogama amalungu ukuvelisa amandongomane iziqhamo, akakwazi ndoqhayisa ngeziqhamo ezimnandi ezinjengezo hazelnut. Hazel njengoko edume kusithiwa, na ukumila kwamagqabi, sifunda bream, kuba ngawo igama amangile. Ukusuka ngaphezu yokuba eluhlaza emnyama, umzantsi - ukukhanya.

nezom-Common kunqabile kuyenyuka ngaphezu kwe-7 m, uneendidi ezimbini yeentyatyambo - amadoda ngohlobo namacici kunye amathupha ababhinqileyo-like. Iziqhamo kulo mthi ukukhanya limnyama umbala, ezidliwayo kwaye zombini incasa ezibalaseleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa hazelnut almondi, ngokufanayo, kodwa hayi kakhulu yinyaniso. Hazelnut na iintlobo zalo ezifuywayo, kunye neziqhamo zayo ezinkulu kwaye okunesondlo kakhulu.

Xa iyonke 20 iintlobo almondi, uhlobo, enye apho, kukho - etyholweni, ngoxa abanye - imithi emide, lwathi 30 eemitha ukuphakama, ezifana njengebhere nut, zikhula ukuya kwiminyaka-200. Ke Asian Hazel - ezinde ityholwana yentsapho - ayidluli i ukuphakama kuyimitha-3 kwaye ibonelela esimnandi efanayo, kodwa kungekhona okunesondlo iziqhamo, njengoko iintlobo yakhe eqhelekileyo.

ostrya

Le umthi ayiqondakali eyaziwa eYurophu njengoko neentlobo zayo eziyinzalelwane North America, eJapan, eAsia Minor neCaucasus.

Ostrya ikhula 25 m ngobude, iye shatrovidnuyu nokubumba isithsaba brown ixolo namagqabi enye ezicukucezwe zancinane sengathi. Kwindalo, kukho 4 kuphela iintlobo zemithi:

• Ostrya Virginia (US), efumaneka kwi ezitalatweni kunye neepaki of Kiev, eMoscow eSt Petersburg, kodwa ukusasazeka lube luloluncinane kuzo zonke lentsapho ezinde.

• ostrya Ordinary uthanda zifudumeleyo, ngoko ikhula eCaucasus, kuthi xhaxhe Asia Minor.
• Japanese - ifumaneka kuphela China kunye Japan.
• Ostrya Noltona ikhula kuphela e North America, eYurophu jikelele ingazeki.

Iinzame ukuhlakulela ezi iintlobo zemithi kwiindawo ebusika ibe yimpumelelo.

ostryopsis

It is a sodidi lwe imithana kweentyatyambo, eziyinzalelwane China kunye Mongolia. Bekhula ukusuka 3 m ukuya m-5 ubude kwaye secreted ngeentlobo 2:

• Ostryopsis uDavide - a m bush 3 ukuphakama kunye ebanzi amagqabi ovate, Namagatya kunye neentyatyambo ezintofontofo staminate kwi namacici imilo zezindlu.

• Ostryopsis amanene - inkunzi kunye neentyatyambo ababhinqileyo kunye iziqhamo ngohlobo weminoti ezincinane abayiqokeleleyo esiqwini.

Esi sityalo ayaziwa kakuhle eYurophu, ngoko kunokuthi kubonwe kuphela kwilizwe kwikhaya lakhe.