Imali wokuphindaphinda

Kummandla ngetyala, inxalenye kuzo iibhanki, kusetyenziswa amagama afana ngetyala, idiphozithi kunye lingabali imali. Kuba abantu kude kuqoqosho, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumana intsingiselo yamagama athile. Ngako oko kufaneleka ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ukuqonda ukusebenza kwenkqubo yogcino-mali kunye nentsingiselo echanekileyo la magama.

Ukuba sijonga ukuba ingcaciso isigama kwezoqoqosho, yaye apho unako ukufumana ingcaciso lingabali ingqiqo ngetyala; kuba umlinganiselo ekunyukeni kwamanani imali, nto leyo ephethwe yi-Bank, ngenxa yesenzo kwesivumelwano sentengo yemboleko. Ekuqaleni umsebenzi wayo ibhange isixa esithile semali leyo ityalwe imali yayo njengediphozithi. supply Imali (oko kukuthi, capital) kunye nokukhula nokwanda kwalo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno wolondolozo, njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo yokonga. Ngenxa yoko, ibhanki ngamnye ufumana idipozithi, ongeze koovimba babo ipesenti imali efunyenwe nguye. Ngelo xesha, abanye ibuye ibe reserve surplus ikhutshelwa-mboleko. ukwandiswa ubuninzi capital kweebhanki bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo norm ezikhoyo ezigcinelwe esisinyanzelo.

Ngenxa yoko, utoliko ingcamango "deposit wokuphindaphinda" Iingxelo Dictionary of Terms Business. Xa ukuchazwa wakhe kubo ngumba esihle utshintsho imali efakwa ebhankini, nto leyo ke ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuphindwayo unikezelo imali efanayo kwimarike, ityala kunye zebhanki.

Ke yena omnye uhlobo kuthiwa multipliers emali, ekubeni omabini asebenza kwi icandelo yemali mali. Bank (imali) lingabali - kukwandisa isixa kwesixa-mali, nto leyo ke ngenxa yemisebenzi eqhubekayo mboleko ebhankini kunye idiphozithi. Central Bank ilawula ukusebenza kwezinye kwiibhanki zorhwebo, nto ezo iimfuno yolondolozo ekhethekileyo.

Kuphela kwinkqubo yogcino basenokubandakanyeka oopopayi lemali. ilungu ngamnye akukho gunya. Kuyenzeka ukuqwalasela umzekelo ethile. imibutho Credit ziye ukugembula reserve mandatory kwisixa iipesenti ezintlanu. Ukuba umthengi ubeka ebhankini kwi-akhawunti yesibambiso zaliwaka engange, ngamashumi omahlanu engange kubo kuwa phezu akhawunti kumnxulumanisi kwi Central Bank, kunye asithoba anamanci mahlanu zezona kulahlwe ebhankini kunye ekhutshwa ngazo ngetyala. Kule mali, ezinye iziko lamatyala ithatha ngamnye ezintlanu ekhulwini solondolozo, isixa-mali esisashiyekileyo-mboleko eseleyo. Ngenxa yoko, inani elandayo mali non-cash kwinkqubo leebhanki.

Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngetyala. Kwakhona ibizwa ngegama kulwandiso ngetyala. Ukuya umba imali mboleko kwindlela leebhanki. Le yagcwala lwenziwa xa umxhasi itsala imali-mboleko. Unikezelo imali akatshintshi. Ngenxa yoko kukho ukwanda okanye unciphise. Ukubala lo mlinganiselo, nto leyo yakha ebhankini, imali, kubalulekile ukubala umlinganiselo phakathi kwesixa-mali kunye nesiseko. Ukuba ukwanda ipesenti komsebenzi enyanzelekileyo, amathuba kuncitshiswa kwindlela zogcino ukudala umba ngetyala, kunye vice versa.

Rates abawayo, ukuba ufuna ukuvuselela uqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko kukho ukwanda kubonelelo imali, kwaye kunciphise ipesenti yohlahlo-mboleko. amanyathelo Azifihlwanga kuthathwa xa kukho isoyikiso emali.

Kwi-Russian Federation, eyasekwa yi umthetho, ukuba kuphela Central Bank unelungelo ukulawula ukukhutshwa imali non-cash, yaye ngoko ke unako ukuvala okanye ukwandisa iibhanki zorhwebo amathuba abo engqesho. Uphinda-phindo imali zibalwe isantya sokukhula imali ebhankini kwiibhanki zorhwebo ngexesha ubunzima zemali yokuhamba ukusuka yebhanki enye ukuya kwenye. Le rate abakwazi ukufikelela ixabiso eliphezulu, ngokuba yinxalenye yale mali ezigcinwe koovimba simahla, nto nokunokujoliswa kwabo imisebenzi yokubolekisa.

Woopopayi, njengoko intshukumo ye unikezelo imali - yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Bala lomlingani kwalo nje ixesha elithile.