I-Sea Kara: iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye nezisombululo zazo. imibono isazi

Uhlamba i lalikunxweme Russian noLwandle Kara kwi mephu ibekwe phakathi Severnaya Zemlya Nqabakazi kunye iziqithi Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Lipholile kakhulu, ngaphezu lobushushu neGauteng kwamanzi liphuma kuphela apho ingena kwemilambo enkulu yaseSiberia. Phantse unyaka wonke ngayo wambu ice zamafu. ubunzulu Sea Kara lincinane - ngokubanzi ukususela mathathu nekhulu eemitha, kukho iindawo ezininzi apho ubuninzi angamakhulu amathandathu leemitha ukuya ezantsi. indawo yayo - 880 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Resources kuLwandle Kara mikhulu.

iziqithi

avulekela kwindawo pool ye-Arctic ocean, uninzi Sea wakhe Kara elala phezu ithala, ogquba iziqithi ezininzi ngaye; ezithi zibekwe ecaleni konxweme. Oku a ulwandle eziseludinini, nezwe. Unxweme lungqamane kunye zokupaka loLwandle Kara, apho amanzi omlambo, yivusa ukuya kwiikhilomitha eziliwaka sikwere amanzi ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngaphandle cod njengesiqhelo nesafron kunye saury Pacific, omninzi intlanzi ezixabisekileyo apha: salmon emhlophe njengesiqhelo, whitefish, Cisco.

Islands loLwandle Kara, ezininzi ezincinane, yaye inani elikhulu - lase Asian. Le inkulu phakathi kwabo - Shokalski, White, Dixon, Vilkitsky, Russian. Kwaye ke eziphantse inkulu - Iingxoxo CEC, i-Arctic Institute, Sergei laseKirov. Kumantla kwiziqithi zolwandle kancinane, yaye ezincinane: Wiese, Ushakov, Schmidt. Kara Ulwandle kwimephu kulula ukufumana ngoba ibekwe phakathi ziqithi.

usebe

Kukho phantse rhoqo isiphango. Ngoko ke, elunxwemeni loLwandle Kara na jiko kangangokuba kubonakala gingxi. Ingakumbi le kunxweme ezahlukeneyo mpuma Novaya Zemlya - amawa ngokupheleleyo. Kunye nemisinga kufana elunyiwe - izigaqa enkulu kulo ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunye umlebe OB Baidaratskaya, kanjalo zakha i Yamal Peninsula. Ngaphezu koko, iindawo ezinkulu - Yenisei, Pyasinsky, Gyda. Zonke kunxweme Novaya Zemlya - kunye iinduli namawa, umlinganiswa morphological yonxweme yahluka ukusuka lingonakali kunye nokwanda womkhenkce kunye malunga mpumalanga, ayaba ephantsi-ukuxoka, namawa kunxweme kuphela kwezinye iindawo.

sezulu

Swimming pool ise kuLwandle Kara kwi-Arctic, ezinezinga ayo aphezulu, phakathi kwakhe kunye Arctic isitya ubuhlobo sisondele kakhulu, ngoko ke imozulu ongqwabalala, njengoko kufuneka ukuba polar kunye Marine. IMYANMAR, emi phakathi kolwandle boMhlaba Entsha akavumeli umoya efudumeleyo kwi Kara kunye nemisinga i-Atlantic, kangangokuba bade elele ecaleni kuLwandle Barents ufudumele. lobushushu Sea Kara usoloko kufutshane ebandayo, apho naluphi na kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni na njengekhephu ukuya.

Ekwindla nasebusika kulapha Obumbe anticyclone eSiberia ngayo, moya wasentla uyawongamela, yaye ngokufuthi lusilwa. New Umhlaba iphantse rhoqo phantsi iinkanyamba - ekuthiwa-Novaya Zemlya boron, ngayinye iiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela. Xa Kara Sea Siberian imilambo kuzisa zisisiqingatha sawo onke amanzi angena Arctic. Yenisei, OB, Pyasina, taz kunye ipuri, kunye imilambo ezininzi ezincinci, kuchaphazela etyuwa koLwandle Kara, kwaye iqondo layo kunye nezinye iimpawu nemin.

Isakhiwo amanzi aselwandle

Amanzi olwandle yahlulwe tye ngokwendidi ezintathu. Amanzi oneziqhamo - komhlaba Arctic ukuba nekuhlala kwindawo enkulu, kuxhomekeke koko ngeli xesha ubunzulu kuLwandle Kara kangakanani fresh amanzi emlanjeni. Apho nzulu - up ezingamakhulu amabini eemitha, phantse amanzi ezingenatyuwa ezinokuzalisa phantse ukuya emazantsi olwandle. Konga low ngenxa yokuba amanzi anetyuwa oLwandle Kara uwa ngenxa ekungeneni enkulu amanzi kunye iyahluka ukusuka malunga amahlanu ekhulwini Gulf of OB ukuya kumashumi amathathu anesihlanu ekhulwini kwimimandla esemantla. ityuwa Less - qhwa ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona - amanzi ityuwa.

Uhlobo lwesibini Kara amanzi - icandelo umlomo, nto leyo ixutywe zifakwa kunye nemisinga abandayo arctic iilwandle kumphezulu. Wafumana amanzi lobushushu eliphezulu nokuxinana phantsi ngenxa yokunqongophala ityuwa, owenza umaleko lasentla, ndifuze kunakuqala. Ingaba ke flow nkqo maleko nzulu ngcembe engumxube, kodwa eliphezulu usekho ezifudumeleyo yaye ngaphantsi enetyuwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpawu loLwandle Kara, kule nkalo, lo nyaka-on-nyaka utshintsho. Iqondo lobushushu amanzi ngoJulayi kufuphi nonxweme olusemazantsi nga degrees ezintathu nomntla ngaphantsi umkhenkce kufuphi yingqele nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka - thabatha nesiqingatha isidanga.

Kumazantsi oLwandle Kara

mphandle esezantsi kakhulu nokuba wobulali kuphela kwimimandla engundoqo, ikakhulu Kara ubunzulu ulwandle iyahluka ngokubanzi. Ezantsi kwaye kwinxalenye esempuma, kufutshane nama-mpumalanga, - imingxunya eziliqela ze aphakamise emazantsi kwi obude ahlukeneyo. North lwase ukuzolula kwamathambeka yenduli engundoqo Kara, owabelana imikhombe emibini: Western - St. Anne kunye empumalanga - kumkhombe Voronin. Apha, kakhulu kakhulu. Masakhane ukudakumba (amakhulu amahlanu eemitha) ifumaneka kufuphi Umhlaba New - Novozemelnaya.

imisinga

Ekubeni lexinene amanzi yahluke kakhulu yaye ubunzulu ikhula ephala, phakathi maleko kukho imisinga ukuba ukuzama ukufezekisa efanayo. izaqhwithi okuqhubekekayo zisiza kule nkqubo: embindini kolwandle ukuya ngasentshona oomaleko zixubene ukuya tyaba ngeemitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu, kodwa emanzini, phakathi ekudibaneni kwe-OB kunye Yenisei, ngokuba kwetyuwa iimaleko okwanamhlanje elungelelaniswe - iziimitha ezintlanu kuphela. I-Sea Kara osisityebi ngexesha apho ukuya kude kuyo, kodwa umdla kakhulu zezo atshixiwe kwisangqa kuphela kule ndawo yolwandle.

Ngaphakathi yangoku ngokungenamkhethe oluzinzileyo, ukuba baxhomekeke ubukhulu becala lokuhamba kweelwandle ezikufutshane kunye Arctic isitya. Kwaye, kakade, nokuhamba imilambo emikhulu ukuxhasa le ukuxhathisa. Sea Kara sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo kwi ngomsesane. Entshonalanga, amanzi oLwandle Barents ukuya Yamal nge okubandezeleka esemazantsi Novaya Zemlya, oko wathabatha enemisinga uhuhamba OB-Yenisei siyashukuma entla, ngoko eli ubunzima amasebe yamanzi, abanye wabuyela ngasemzantsi, emva Earth New, ucanda Kara Gate, zidibana kunye wokuqala phezu kolwandle Barents, yaye - kumjikelo olandelayo.

cover ice

Ekwindla nasebusika kuLwandle Kara sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ngumkhenkce, ehlotyeni uyakhululwa kuphela inxalenye encinane. NgoSeptemba, ice luqale ngasentla, yaye ngo-Oktobha sele kunye nomzantsi ligutyungelwe ngumkhenkce. Ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi, phantse zonke ulwandle - omnye ice ubukumkani. Ice ezahlukeneyo nengqondo, yaye ngenxa yobudala. Xa kweenxweme umkhenkce esisinyanzelo ukuzila. In the kumntla-mpuma - isijungqu esiqhubekayo umkhenkce ukudla, kwi siqithi White ukuya Nordenskiöld Archipelago kunye Severnaya Zemlya.

Emzantsi-ntshona kweendawo ezinkulu ice fast akathathi. south Further kusekho ummandla ice olunyulu okanye ice abaselula. Eli ziko loshishino Yamal kunye Amderminsk polynya, nolwandle kunye nakumbindi - i-OB kunye Yenisei a polynya. Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho umkhenkce apha. Yena zicima. Ebubanzini ubuninzi malunga ezimbini neemitha - enomzimba, abaselula kakhulu. Novaya Zemlya massif ice linyibilike ehlotyeni kule ndawo. Kwaye kwiindawo ezisemantla ngumkhenkce ulwandle siqinile. Uhlala apho.

shelf Arctic

Ke zonke ezi kwiilwandle ezimelene ukuya Arctic Ocean, kukho utshintsho eyomeleleyo igubungele ice le. Akukho ngaphandle kunye noLwandle Kara. Russia ezingaphezu kwama asixhenxe ekhulwini le Arctic kwithala, ekufuneka ziphandwe. Ngaba Indawo yande kakhulu ngohlangothi ngumkhenkce ukusuka elunxwemeni ehlotyeni. Isibhakabhaka omkhulu wamanzi, nto leyo babesaphila uxolelwa. Utshintsho lwemozulu, ukufudumala uyeza, kwaye ukutshintsha nayo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu kwi Arctic. Sea Kara kwakhona iimpawu akwenzeki njalo, ngelishwa.

uphando

Okokuqala, apha iidiphozithi ezizizembiwa giant - iLeningrad kunye Rusanovskoe - phezu lokugcinwa kwezinto kwiindawo esembindini ntshona yolwandle. Ngoko, kungekudala kuza kubakho imibhobho, rigs zidlula. ecosystem Arctic - akunakuba ezinezinga embindini, apho iziphumo naziphi na iingozi zisuswe, nangona kunzima. Apha kuba nzima.

Ekuqaleni izicwangciso zophuhliso entsimini kwiminyaka elishumi, kodwa ixesha angakwazi kakhulu ngakumbi. Rosneft sele wenza ingxelo ukuba umsebenzi wokulungiselela kwi emaquleni liya kuqhubeka ngaphandle inxaxheba kwinkampani US ExxonMobil, nto leyo esenza izivumelwano zokuthenga uphuhliso odibeneyo iidipozithi kwenziwa phambi ukwayo. Ngaba zihlolwe kuquka uLwandle Kara.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

Ukuthatha indawo amanzi abalekayo ezinkulu, ulwandle lihlanjelwe zonke ezikhandelwa kwintsimi enkulu eSiberia mveliso. Ngoko ke, zonke iingxaki zemozulu, zonke iingozi mveliso kunye nezibangelwa, acandacanda zamanzi, ezifakwe kwi-Arctic. Yaye ngaphezu kwako konke, iwela kuLwandle Kara. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kuqala nje. Ungcoliseko ne enzima ukusuka amanzi OB kunye Yenisei ukhule kunyaka ngamnye.

iimveliso zepetroliyam

I-Northern Sea Route kunye nezithuthi zawo rhoqo enzima iinqanawa ingakumbi nempembelelo embi kokusingqongileyo. Petroleum zalungcolisa ndawo yonke inkitha intshukumo yabo. Kodwa izilwanyana nezityalo, nto leyo eye kuLwandle Kara, iingxaki lokusingqongileyo ukumbulala. Nangona kwimimandla yonxweme ingqalelo abangaxhalabisiyo lingahlanjelwa (walinganisa kwiilali rhoqo kubanjwa kufuphi Amderma kunye Dixon), kodwa indawo enkulu sanikelwa ishishini emanzini, sele ingcolisekile izinzile. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba nempembelelo embi ngakumbi kuLwandle Kara. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo isonjululwe kodwa kakuhle.

Yenisei-uyise

Ukufumaneka zesinyithi onzima imilomo OB kunye Yenissei kwandisa nangokobungakanani kwaye ngokomgangatho. Copper, zinc, manganese, nelothe, nenkcenkce, nesinyithi - oku hayi kuluhlu lonke izinto uvunayo kuLwandle Kara. iingxaki Environmental uze ungenise imveliso ophuma Norilsk, apha abetheka i izibonelelo zamanzi zetoti owosulelekileyo.

Around kulo mzi, yonke imilambo namachibi bedyobhekile kakuhle, kude ngaphaya kokuqonda, kodwa aqukuqela ukusuka apha ukuya Yenisei Gulf, umlambo omkhulu nokuphepha azihlambululeyo kakhulu ngandlela ngokungummangaliso.

inkunkuma eqhumayo

Oku kungasentla intlekele enkulu, nto leyo ubunzima uLwandle Kara. ngokwenene iingxaki Environmental yaqala imisebe. Ekubeni gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ziye zenziwa ezininzi kufuphi komphandle, umoya, udubulo zenyukliya zasemanzini komhlaba kwi Novaya Zemlya. Ngenxa yoko kuphela umoya embi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi curies atom-137. Njani Kuyichaphazela njani izibonelelo oLwandle Kara - ungabona.

Ngelo malunga neli xesha linye kuzo zonke zolwandle emantla kukho lokulahla zonke iintlobo inkunkuma eqhumayo. kwithala East Emhlabeni New - indawo ephambili yale njongo: ukuya asixhenxe ekhulwini yonke inkunkuma eqhumayo waphuphuma apha ukususela elinambini ukuya engamakhulu amane iimitha ubunzulu. ingozi eyodwa - kakhulu eKhubheki ze lweenqanawa ezintywilayo wenyukliya amafutha enyukliya wachitha.

Apha kulapho kufumaneka khona icebreaker "uLenin" elinanye lamawaka kwizikhongozeli izinto ezinobungozi. Nangona imilinganiselo yolawulo rhoqo yaye musani ukubonisa ezingaphezu inqanaba radioactivity kuzo zonke matheku loLwandle Kara, kodwa ngokumandla bathabathe bazise ukufa zonke izinto eziphilayo kwi amade ukusuka kwindawo yokungcwaba.

ice ulima

kwamashumi amaninzi kuLwandle Kara waziqongqotha mibutho mibini ezinamandla USSR: kwizithuthi yenyukliya umphakathi kunye aselwandle. Kukho kuphela izikhongozeli kungcwatywa, kodwa izakhiwo-ntathu ukuba engenakuphinde isetyenziswe. Konke oku amanga elunxwemeni ukubandezeleka woMhlaba Entsha. Yonke into wabeka ngokuthembekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Akukho ezinxaxhileyo kwimitha ngemvelaphi siqithi kwafunyanwa ngeenxa zonke. Noko ke, umntu zange akwazi ukubetha iziqalelo.

Imingcwabo abaninzi benziwe emanzini, yaye ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kwenzeka ice exaration - vypahivanie, okt ukutshatyalaliswa zeengxondorha umkhenkce ebhedini le glacier. Ngenxa glacier gouging ufumana inkululeko aze aqalise ukuhamba. Kunye imveliso wentshabalalo. kusebenza ngayo: ezikhandelwa umkhenkce hayi obukhulu kakhulu ukusuka breaks sisaqhwithi, umi nkqo hummocks emikhulu - amasimi ezingapheliyo ezifana amazinyo enkulu.

Ke isaqhwithi luthoba phantsi ngokufutshane no kutwalilila hummocks lome kunye ngenani elikhulu ngumkhenkce, ezifana yobungakanani okukhulu ikhuba. Kwaye noqhwithela kwakhona. Nezenkqubela kwakhona. Amanqatha bemi ke iseyile ukulima ezantsi emanzini ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha elinesihlanu. Kwaye ngenxa imibhobho ukuba nzulu kweshumi elinambini eemitha hayi antywiliselwa, oko kuyingozi. Kodwa ukuba kukho ngoko kwizikhongozeli inkunkuma eqhumayo kulinywa - eyona nto ezoyikisayo ngakumbi.