Yasemanzini - iindawo ezimbini ezinkulu: amanzi kwaselwandle

indoda Modern kusetyenziswa ukulawula indalo. iiprojekthi yakhe ngento ixesha elide akukho njengephupha kodwa yinyani. Ukuba ufuna - baphinde bakuthembe lomlambo, ukuba ndibachithachithe amafu, ukuba bakhule epheleleyo umhlambi weegusha Dolly. Kwaye uhlobo fish ... Aquaculture - umgca imisebenzi apho abantu ilifa ubuncinane iminyaka engamawaka amane eyadlulayo. Eli lokuqala (core-anesibini) ngakulo amanzi. Kodwa yesibini - mariculture (marine) - ubuchule ngaphezu kwekhulu.

Uvele full of mullet ...

Xa iintlanzi "izityalo" wayo indoda recreates iimeko evumela ukuba lokwanda nokukhula eziphilayo zasemanzini. Le nkqubo iquka umjikelo opheleleyo okanye inxalenye kuphela kuyo (kuxhomekeka imisebenzi). Kukholelwa ukuba yasemanzini - leyo eyaba China, nto leyo namachibi amatsha sele ezazenziwe kwiminyaka 3750 eyadlulayo kunye nokuzalana iintlanzi kuzo.

A isuntswana "yesilivere ophilileyo". Yeyona urhwebo mihlangano. Qhotsa Noncommodity ngokuqhelekileyo anikwe iinkomo, iinkukhu. Indoda isebenzisa kwigumbi lokutyela (yorhwebo). Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Chinese bakhulile iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenyama yesibini ezikumgangatho ophezulu '' emva ngo-1120 BC. ulwazi ifudusiwe malunga tutorial yokuqala Fikizolo abalimi ekuyo zasemanzini. "Incwadi" wabhala Fang Li (saseTshayina) ngo-599 BC. e.

Eziluncedo zaselwandle ulwelwe obomvu (purple), ezityiwayo molluscs namaqokobhe elwandle (iimbatyisi), iimbaza perile (squid, ngaphakathi apho ilitye olukhulayo), ray-finned Yummy (mullet) kwi kwiphandle inombolo umbhali 1 ikhule isiqingatha kwimileniyam eyadlulayo.

Kuloo matheku, nemifula, amachweba

Kamva yasemanzini ukwenza eMesopotamiya, entilini phakathi imilambo ezikhulu zazibini - i vekele kunye umEfrate. Yasemanzini - ityala, yaye siyayazi ukuba amaYiputa amandulo, amaRoma namaGrike, kwakunye nezinye umhlaba. Kunxweme lweMeditera ngexesha xa babephuma uBukhosi baseRoma, mullet "ngemveliso yazo 'ichatshazelweyo Amachweba ezaliswe ngamanzi amtyuba.

Kwizizwana kwiziqithi ezininzi wePasifiki, njengoko ichibi eli- zayo iintlanzi kusetyenziswa zokupaka, coves. Amadama kunye iintlanzi owayenefama zaselwandle eHawaii eyayikho ngenkulungwane XV. amachibi Artificial wahlukana ulwandle kwenqaba kunye namadama.

Kuthiwa ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu asithoba izakhiwo ezinjalo "yasinda" de 1900. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngwenya "amashishini ezolimo" Japanese ukuvelisa iimbatyisi, Ingca yolwandle, scallops ukususela ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe.

ZeCARP isigodlo hayi kuphela

yasemanzini Russian uya emva kwinkulungwane elinesixhenxe-elinesibhozo. ingqalelo ingakumbi ekuqaleni umdla zeCARP nabalulamileyo singapheli. Kwiifama zeCARP yokuqala Kwavela yoonongendi, yaye kamva wadibana amachibi kwi kwilizwe abaqeshisi kunye ke sikarhulumente.

Umthamo yehlabathi imveliso yentlanzi ukutyiwa ngabantu ezinkulu. Isiqingatha kuyo - yasemanzini sayo lwahluma khathalela ezandleni zabantu. Uphuhliso kushishino Splash iwela ngeminyaka yee- zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngokutsho Food and Agriculture Organisation leZizwe eziManyeneyo (FAO), iyalinywa ngeenxa zonke iintlobo amakhulu amane anamanci mahlanu kunye zenyathi intlanzi, kuquka intlanzi, molluscs, ulele kunye nezinye izinto zasemanzini ezinexabiso eliphezulu lesondlo.

Catch up zikufumane

Iminyaka emininzi inkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni umgca imveliso yasemanzini i yintlanzi zamaqumrhu amanzi. Oku kulandela izilwanyana, intlanzi, nokuthetha (diadromous) intlanzi, ekugqibeleni, i "dade" lwaselwandle ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini.

Yasemanzini - kukwayinto entle kwinqanaba iintlobo sisityebi. Ukuba wuhlahlele, kuvela ukuba inkoliso ikhule zeCARP. indawo yesibini kwi zeCARP ingca, owesithathu ubamba zeCARP. Phakathi ezingenamqolo kwi mariculture ebezisaziwa abathengi bivalves, ingakumbi iimbatyisi. Ngokubhekiselele yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe, ngoko kukho zingenakuphikwa ukongama emhlophe Lembaza, elandelwa ingwe kunye Chinese mitten unonkala.

amandla nganye yokuloba ngokwayo uchaza ukuba ngokwayo ipesenti kulinywe yorhwebo kwemithombo zasemanzini zebhayoloji, kodwa bonke bephela - phakathi kweenkokeli kushishino, phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphandle - ePeru naseRashiya. yasemanzini Russian lukwisigaba lokuqala lophuhliso. Kangangexesha elide yena akazange anikele ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo.

Ngaphandle indawo okungayi

ETshayina, apho thina okhankanywe ekuqaleni, ikhula 70 ekhulwini kwaselwandle kunye neentlanzi amanzi. Loo inqanaba eliphezulu uphuhliso koshishino kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Ngokukodwa, kwi-1980 kwabakho "ubutsha" iindawo sezaselwandle phesheya kolwandle sobummandla kunye ezikufutshane kuyo (ukuya miles 200) kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Le ndawo iye yaba ngummandla kolawulo kwezomthetho (kwizoni yezoqoqosho). Kuye kwacaca ukuba "isilivere ophilileyo" olukhulayo kumgangatho lomlambo kunye nendawo ulwandle, ukuba exhaustible. Okunye zoshishino - yasemanzini, apho izixhobo zinokuba rhoqo yaye ngokukhawuleza kuphila.

Nokuqhubekayo sele yenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kule ndawo kulinywe zoshishino kweentlobo ezixabisekileyo technology intlanzi, ulele, izilwanyana (izinto zorhwebo). Yinyaniso ukuba ukubala ngokukhawuleza kwakhokelela kwimpumelelo: njengoko naziyo, iindleko ithani imveliso yentlanzi zamntu zaveliswa ngezantsi ebiziwe lwenyama, le kumasimi amanzi ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwe amasimi (ukulima).

uphuhliso uyaqhubeka

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantu koMhlaba kwanda, ngoko ke, le ngxaki ukutya mandundu kuphela. wabonakalisa uqoqosho Water ngokwabo njengokuba nekamva eliqaqambileyo, ngokubonelela amawaka abantu abaphangelayo anqabileyo. Kuba amazwe afana ne-China, India, Vietnam, eJapan, Thailand, njl .., Apho Ubuninzi babantu ophezulu kunye nengqesho iphantsi, loo nto lusindiso lokwenene. Ukuba ziye iinkokeli kuphuhliso aquaculture.

Sele yee- zokugqibela kwekhulu eJapani, ezingamakhulu amathathu abantu abasebenza kwi eselwandle kurhwebo kwiifama, yemveliso nesigidi okulahlwayo zeentlanzi ngamnye ngonyaka. E China, bengamakhulu amabini amawaka abantu ngamanzi-endle okhulele iitoni ezisibhozo iimveliso ezixabisekileyo abaye baqeshwa.

Ngokutsho kwinqanaba lolawulo izixhobo ukuzalisa yorhwebo lwe eziphilayo naphaya ebomini emanzini (zasemanzini), zahlukile. ENorway, i-UK, Finland kunye namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo aseYurophu, inqanaba eliphezulu komsebenzi esizisebenzelayo. E Asia, longanyelwe umsebenzi wezandla.

Enoba lwalunjani, izibonelelo zasemanzini kunye aquaculture kuvumela ukuba ahlale lezimali ezisibhozo ekhulwini abantu abasehlabathini - abasebenzi kunye nabaxhomekeke eshishini - amalungu eentsapho zabo. Thathela ingqalelo ukubaluleka ngakwicala lophuhliso, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba kule minyaka izayo uya kuqhubeka ukuphuhliswa yasemanzini.