Bivalves

Bivalves (class elasmobranch) - idla kade-elihambayo okanye izilwanyana umile. Aphila kwi emazantsi okugcina amanzi. iintlobo ezaziwayo mbambela zimelwe namhlanje imali engaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu lamawaka. Abaninzi kubo ahlale elwandle, ngaphantsi - amanzi acocekileyo.

Bivalves babe dvustoronnesimmetrichnoe umzimba. Luquka ezi imilenze umntla, intloko lifinyele (lifinyele). Njengoko umthetho, unyawo nesinqumka-ezimile. Xa uhambisa saselwandle esineqokobhe iyakwazi ukwayama ngaphandle yeqokobhe, wenkukhu emhlabeni ezantsi kwe ichibi, bawurhuqa zonke isilwanyana ngasemva. Lwemizekelo eziqhotyoshelwe emazantsi okanye ulele kulo, unyawo idla kuncitshiswa kangangoko encinane okanye enkulu.

bivalves ukhuselo zizityebi namadlala ezahlukeneyo. Bona cell yencindi yomlomo kunye nezinye izinto. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, yokugubungela imilenze kamnetochtsev ezi amadlala ukuba cell acid ekwaziyo bonakalisa yikalika. Oku kuvumela i silwanyana ndzulu ngokukhululekileyo kungena yeengxondorha elineeminerali. Iimbaza kunye Jwarha iimbaza babe amadlala ukuba cell nelinen ecikizekileyo. Le nto ke eqina emanzini ngohlobo imisonto kakuhle ngendlela apho bivalves ligxile zeendawana.

kwisisu ingubo ongqongwe kweentlanti ukuba akuxhome emacaleni. Ngaphakathi, kukho iigilizi. Faka i ingubo kwakhona ivula isikali, iphecana angasese kunye imigudu zezintso. Amanzi lingena ngokusebenzisa siphon kumculo liyasuswa ngokusebenzisa cloacal siphon oluthi luqokelelane ngohlangothi ngasemva ingubo.

izilwanyana Sink ukhandwa beziya ezimbini abaqhagamshelwe kwi band elastic phezulu okanye lock - amazinyo leyo zilahlwa ecaleni kungqameko engentla enezinto. Uninzi ngabamelii iiklasi amagqabi ezinomlinganiselo olinganayo. Noko ke, kwezinye iintlobo, elele ezantsi, kwaye ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu kunye nemilo.

Ukudizwa beziya ikhutshwa phandle yintshukumo anxibelelanisa lungu, nto leyo sinikezwe iipropati elastic. Rapprochement kudale ukuncipha zapirateley. Ezi izihlunu ezinamandla edibanisa enezinto ezimbini. Simba Ukwanda kubangelwe netuwa unamadlala ibekwe ingubo ngxabano. bivalves Winter nesele musa ukukhula. Ngenxa yoko, le amaphiko akhiwa band yonyaka. Inani yabo ukufumanisa ubudala isilwanyana.

Inkqubo luvo ukusekwa izibini ezithathu of ganglia. Omnye ise Ezomva ilungu lomzimba, wesibini - emlenzeni, nowesithathu - phezu pharynx. Commissure - izigaba-luvo - ukuqhagamshela zonke iindawo.

Inkqubo yegazi ibandakanya iimpahla isilwanyana intliziyo. Entliziyweni kukho ventricle omnye kuphela, bambalwa atrial. Inani labo liyangqinelana nenani iigilizi ngenxa yokuba ngamnye kubo bubonakaliswe ukwandiswa imithambo yegazi, leyo kumka isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Intliziyo ibekwe kwicala amanakani okuba i lomzimba.

Xa bivalves kakhulu kakuhle kuphuhliswa izitho. iiseli Ukudideka bagcwele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Iigilizi imizimba qwa kwemichiza - Osphradium. Xa unyawo ibekwe statocysts. Oku lizama zomzimba. Ezinye abameli izilwanyana azakubalulwa ubukho mingxuma emininzi kungqameko ingubo.

Umlomo ibekwe ngaphezu isiseko unyawo phambi umntla. On omabini kukho iibleyidi ezimbini. kele zabo ciliated epithelium - ngeenkophe zakhe ngokusesikweni amasuntswana ukutya emlonyeni. Umphimbo mfutshane. Elidityaniswe kuyo isisu encinane luvula imibhobho hepatic. Isuka esiswini isilonda. Yenza amasango eziliqela, ukhwela ebhedini kwicala amaphiko, ucanda kulo ventricle kunye pericardium eyadlulayo yaye iphela siphon cloacal.

Yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumsebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu. Ezininzi, ezifana scallops, iimbatyisi, iimbaza ezityiwa.