Ganglia - yintoni na yaye oko kubandakanya?

Ganglia (ngenye indlela - ganglia) - iseti iiseli ezikhethekileyo. Siqulathe umzimba, luvo kunye axons. Nabo ke, zinxulumene iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Kwakhona ganglia ziquka axhasayo iiseli glial. umsebenzi wabo kukudala inkxaso iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ganglia luvo ziyabandakanywa kwizicwili. La maqela zifumaneka nje kuphela lomqolo, kodwa kwezinye ezingenamqolo. ganglia ezihlangene ukuvelisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo zesakhiwo. Umzekelo inokuba isakhiwo chain okanye ukunitha. Ngaphezu koko, eli nqaku liza kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha oko ganglia njengoko intsebenziswano yenzeka phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezulu, uhlobo kunye nenkcazelo iintlobo eziphambili iya kuncitshiswa.

ekuyo

zikhona Ganglia kula bantu baye ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ngoko ke musa kuwa phakathi kwinkqubo luvo. Abanye kubabiza ngokuba ganglia Uhlobo Lokuqala. Noko ke, igama elithi ichanileyo kuthathwa ukuba i "core". amacandelo luvo kwaye ukuba yinxalenye, zezona kokuxhuma phakathi amacandelo e-nervous system. zidlulela Ezi pulses kunye nolawulo nokusebenza kwamalungu athile zangaphakathi.

ngezigaba

Zonke ganglia zahlulwe iintlobo eziliqela. Cinga engundoqo. Igama elithi "ganglion spinal" indibanisa oluvo (afferent) izinto ezifunekayo. Uhlobo lwesibini - izinto liqulathwe-ngokwalo. Bona zicwangciswe ezichaphazelekayo (yawo) luvo. The main view - Basal. amacandelo zabo iindawo uvaleke ukuba lo mbandela emhlophe. Ikhoyo nokubakho ebuchotsheni. Umsebenzi luvo kukulawula umzimba ethile, kwakunye noncedo ekuphumezeni iinkqubo luvo. Kukho kwakhona uhlobo kwezityalo. It umele amaphaphu enye node. Le element ibhekisa kwindlela yawo luvo. Ezi iindawo ukubaleka ecaleni kwalapho. ganglia yawo mancinci kakhulu. isayizi yazo ibe ngaphantsi kwe ndlela, kwaye ifanelene omkhulu kunye nee-ertyisi. Unqontsonqa ganglia yawo na ulawulo nokusebenza izibilini nokwabiwa ukubetha.

Thelekisa ne elithi "plexus"

Iincwadi wayesoloko ibinzana elithi "plexus". Oko kuthathwa njenge ntonye ilizwi "ganglion". Kodwa plexus ebizwa ganglia ethile. Zikhona kwindawo isixa esithile kwi ariya elivaliweyo. A ganglion - ummandla kunye nabo zobuchopho.

luvo

Ngokwembono ukwakheka ezibini lohlobo yayo. Eyokuqala ibizwa central system luvo. Ezi ziquka ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Uhlobo lwesibili isethi iindawo, kwalapho nemithambo ngokwabo. Esi sakhiwo kuthiwa sisinqandi peripheral luvo.

luvo NdinguMenzi uvaleke ityhubhu kunye ganglion nembasa. Yi inxalenye yokuqala yokakayi ziquka ingqondo emazikweni sensory ukuya kummandla buti - umnqonqo. Ganglion ipleyiti yenza spinal, amacandelo yawo kunye inyama chromaffin. inyama luvo ikhona njenge elide inkqubo lolawulo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Overview

Ganglia - kunxulumano iiseli zemithambo, ngaphaya kwemida kwenkqubo luvo. Kukho kwezityalo neentlobo ezibuthathaka. Le yokugqibela ibekwe ecaleni esineengcambu umnqonqo kunye luvo cranial. Imilo ye-unit spinal ifuze yokuluka. Engqongwe kwiqokobhe yethishyu nokuqina. Kwakhona ungena esiludumbo ngokwayo, ngexesha ubambe i isitya igazi. Iiseli zemithambo ebandleni spinal, ubungakanani eqaqambileyo enkulu, eziba zibe lula distinguishable. Luvo ifomu amaqela. Iinxalenye esiludumbo iziko spinal iinkqubo ze iiseli zemithambo kunye endoneurium interlayer. Iinkqubo luvo ukuqala-onovakalelo zone kwi kwimithambo- spinal, ukumisa esiqwengeni peripheral, apho receptor. Kudla ngokwenzeka kukuba inguqu-luvo eguquguqukayo in psevdounipolyarnye. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha ekukhuleni kwabo. Ukusuka inkqubo psevdounipolyarnogo neuron ngaphandle, entwine iseli. Yena akhawulwe yi afferent, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "dendritic" kunye efferent, okanye - axonal, inxenye.

Luvo kanye axons

Ezi zithinteli isale myelin esingxotyeni, amacandelo ezo neyrolemmotsity. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo iiseli ibandla oligodendroglial spinal ndingqongwe ukuba amagama afana iiseli ze-glia yokwaleka, iiseli sodium glia kunye neeseli satellite. Ezi zinto ke nuclei ezincinane kakhulu ngeenxa zonke. Ukongeza, iqokobhe ojikeleze ezi seli ukusuka inwebu capsule nokuqina. kwanangamacandelo alo ziyahluka kwezinye nuclei elimbhoxo. arhente eziphilayo esebenzayo aqulethwe kwiiseli zemithambo-site spinal, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, P. iziyobisi

Kwezityalo okanye isakhiwo yakuma wedwa

ganglia azimeleyo ibekwe kwiindawo eziliqela. Okokuqala, kufuphi umnqonqo (kukho izakhiwo paravertebral). Okwesibini, phambi kokuba umnqonqo (prevertebral). Ukongeza, stand-alone iiyunithi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afumaneka ezindongeni amalungu. Umzekelo, intliziyo, bronchi kunye isinye. Ezi ganglia kuthiwa intramural. Olunye uhlobo yi kufutshane kumphezulu amalungu. Namaqumrhu azimeleyo ezinxulumene preganglionic luvo. Baye ezihlobene-luvo luvo central. amaqela kwezityalo zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: i novelwano kunye parasympathetic. Phantse onke amalungu afumana ngefayibha postganglionic eyenziwe iiseli ezinokuba khona kuzo zombini iintlobo zezakhiwo kwezityalo. Kodwa ke ifuthe luvo kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ngokwamaqela. Ngoko ke, lo intshukumo onovelwano onokomelela intliziyo, lo gama i-parasympathetic kusihla kuyo.

isakhiwo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo lwesakhiwo node elizenzekelayo liphantse lifane. isakhiwo ngasinye ubandakanya ijwabu esingxotyeni nokuqina. Kwiindawo kwezityalo, kukho iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhethekileyo ebizwa "multipolar". Bona azakubalulwa i imilo ongaqhelekanga, kunye nendawo ngumongo. Kukho luvo kunye umphakathi ezininzi iiseli kunye inani elandileyo zofuzo. Iiseli zobuchopho kunye neenkqubo zabo anyityiliselwe, amacandelo ezo iiseli glial satellite. Bebizwa ingubo glial. Phezu umaleko ephezulu inwebu iqokobhe singqongwe kwizicwili.

isakhiwo intramural

Ezi luvo kunye ne umendo conductive kunokuba metasympathetic inxalenye yenkqubo yawo luvo. Ngokutsho histologist Dogel phakathi iintlobo intramural kwezakhiwo ahluka iintlobo ezintathu iiseli. I yangaphambili ziquka dlinnoaksonnye izinto efferent I uchwetheza. Ezi iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezinkulu ogama luvo elide kunye yemithambo-mfutshane. Kuba icandelo ravnootroschatyh luvo afferent uphawuleka elide kunye luvo kunye Umzobo wesi. A luvo associative oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwiiseli ze iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala.

Le nkqubo neuropathy

Umsebenzi we-luvo kwezonxibelelwano ukulungiselela amaziko luvo spinal zobuchopho nemithambo izakhiwo. Elements kwenkqubo banxibelelane ngendlela kwizicwili. Amaziko-luvo - ummandla onoxanduva nokuhlawulwa ulwazi. Phantse zonke izakhiwo ingqalelo kubandakanya zombini imicu afferent, kwaye le efferent. Beka imicu, leyo, eneneni, luvo, anokuqulatha kuphela nezakhiwo ukuba akhuselwe i zombane zokwambathisa myelin esingxotyeni. Zikhona kunye nezo "inshorensi" ezinjalo ayinayo. Ngaphezu koko, umaleko luvo ifayibha ezahlulwa kwizicwili. Oku yohlulwe looseness ezinezikhondo. Igama le endoneurium maleko. Iqulathe imali encinci iiseli, inxalenye enkulu Imisonto reticular ziquka collagen. Kule inyama kukho ezineengqayi ezincinci zegazi. Ezinye Imiqadi luvo ezingqonge enye inwebu kwizicwili - perineurium. iindawo kuyo ngokulandelelana amalungiselelo iiseli neefayibha collagen. Isingxobo, esigubungela luvo buti lonke (ebizwa ngokuba epineurium) wabumba ukusuka kwizicwili. Yena, ke, ahlanganiswe iiseli fibroblasts, macrophage kunye namacandelo namanqatha. Iqulethe imithambo yegazi evela kwalapho.