Test igazi Haematology

Haematology - isifundo, apho amaninzi emiselwe ngugqirha zamabanga

Ukuhlolisisa isigulane. Eyona ndlela ilula kwaye lula nokwenzeka ukuba bafunde iingxaki emzimbeni kwaye ukuqonda apho ulwalathiso ukudlulela - ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze Haematology. Ungakwenza oku zonke iikliniki kamasipala, izibhedlele kunye namaziko zonyango ihlawulwe.

Loluphi ulwazi onokulufumana?

Haematology - inkcazo yeencindi ibalulekileyo, nto leyo kunika uluvo lokuba kukho iinkqubo ukudumba kunye oncological.

Uhlalutyo uhlola zonke iiseli ifakiwe igazi kumiselwa bubungakanani, ubunzima, inombolo kunye nepesenti. Ukongeza, amanqanaba umlinganiselo mpilo, hematocrit, nesantya neentlenge rate erythrocyte.

Wazithwala phandle i uvavanyo lwegazi phezu analyzer Haematology.

Wanela ugqirha wesifundo owaziyo ukuba kuhambisane kakuhle kunyango yomguli akuyomfuneko ukuba utshintsho yawo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yintoni kanye ufuna ukutshintsha.

Iiseli ezinkulu nemisebenzi yazo

Ubekwa Haematology?

Bonke sasifunda Iintlobo iseli 3 - zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. bonke babe injongo yabo kwaye enze imisebenzi ethile.

leukocytes

Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe - i abavikeli igazi ephambili nokulwa angena iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Yeyona iiseli ezimhlophe zefom ngeenxa kunye kernel eqhelekileyo. kumaziko abo nokuzalana - iindawo ezizodwa, ebizwa nkovu. Zezona izithintelo eziphambili ukukhusela ngokuchasene amasuntswana zimele yingozi.

Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile ubungakanani okanye umgangatho iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi uyawa, kwiindawo idumbe, usulelo ukuvumela ukusasaza kubo. uyancipha okukwazi kunye immune ukuba behlisa phantsi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, leukocytes kufuneka amawaka 4,5-11. / Ml. Ezi zibandakanya ukwahluka zayo.

neutrophils

Neutrophils, apho isabelo ohlala ngaphezu kwe-72% yazo zonke iintlobo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ezi seli ezincinane ibekwe ubukhulu becala ancedisana zomzimba womntu, isabelo sawo egazini lisephantsi. Eli lungiselelo kungenxa yokuba neutrophils kufuneka phambi kwabo bonke ukufumana indawo abosulelwe yi iintsholongwane ebangela isifo kwaye yokungenelela kuzo.

Ukunyuka kwenani labo ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwezifo okanye fungal, iinkqubo ukudumba, kukuvela yamathumba, legazi, izihlunu kukwenzakala, amanye amayeza. Ukuncipha uyaqapheleka yokulungiselela ntsholongwane, ukuba ithamo radiation.

eosinophils

Eosinophils zigutyula izinto eziyityhefu kunye nemveliso yazo nokuthotywa. Zimisela kuya kumpompoza njani kakuhle impiliso enxebeni ngokutsha izicwili ezonakeleyo kwakunye ukuxhathisa zamavumba nezidlo.

omdala Eqhelekileyo ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwisi-5% kwifomula leukocyte. eosinophil Ukwanda ebhalwe ngayo ezahlukeneyo kukwalisa, zintwala helminthic, ukukhula yamathumba yingozi, isibindi ukuqina kunye izilonda emathunjini.

A phawu olulodwa ezi seli kukuba bandile izifo ezosulelayo ibonisa ekuqaleni recovery nomonde. Oku kwanciphisa inani eosinophils kunye ngokuncipha lilonke umzimba, ntshikilelo rhoqo, nokungalali, ixesha postoperative.

basophils

Basophils balelona qela lincinane iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ukuba ngaphantsi kancinane kwe-1% yamanqaku ewonke, kodwa kwelikhulu. Ngenxa yezi seli emzimbeni ngeke isebenze zamavumba ezininzi amasuntswana ityhefu, umz emva impovane.

basophils High iphula inokuba kuxhokonxwa umgangatho hormone yokudumba izifo isilonda Peptic, ayoni. inqanaba labo uwela ngexesha lokukhulelwa, imihla xa kusenzeka ovulation, ubukho ziimpethu.

La manani zityhila Haematology.

monocytes

Monocytes - uhlobo leukocytes okweqanda kunye nesakhiwo eyohlobo olulodwa. Ngabo eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu omdala - 3-11%. Yinto hlobo abacoci, ebeka ngaphandle iiseli ezindala atshabalalise umzimba rivaleleke ku doti, ngokunjalo ukutshabalalisa iqela izilwa-buhlungu ezisegazini.

Ukwanda kwenani monocytes waphawula ngethuba kwezifo ezosulelayo ngendlela eqatha, unciphiso - xa anemias ze etiologies ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba monocytes phantse akukho elibhaqiweyo, omnye sigqibe ubukho ezimbi ezinzima ezifana ileukemia okanye nokudumba.

lymphocyte

Lymphocyte noxanduva lokugcina amajoni omzimba kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, ukuze kubekho iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10, bethwele memory omzimba. Kungenxa yoko le nto izifo ezininzi uthole kanye kuphela ebomini. Egazini labo iqulethe malunga 19-37%.

Ngoncedo lymphocyte ziyatshatyalaliswa iiseli mutated ukufukama ulwazi inokutyhefeka. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda elibukhali kwi ngangenani lazo kusenokuba kubonisa ithumba ukuvela kwi umongo wethambo. A ukunyuka okungephi uyaqapheleka nezifo ezosulela wentsholongwane egazini. lymphocyte okubangelwa ebangela usuleleko yintsholongwane okanye lymphoma.

Nantsi into kuzisa uvavanyo lwegazi Haematology. Kodwa loo nto bonke.

erythrocytes

Iiseli ezibomvu - iiseli ukuba ukugcina ioksijini igazi eqhelekileyo deducing carbon dioxide eveliswa ngexesha nokuphefumla kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Ngoncedo lwabo, likwabonelele nokwandiswa zonke izicwili loonto. Ukunika exchange ioksijini yenziwa nge ngehemoglobin, eziquka iiseli ezibomvu. Ukuba ayanelanga, zize hypoxia.

iiseli ezibomvu kwegazi zixinaniswe ngokulula kakhulu kwaye oku kungatshintshwa ukuya kayi-3. Ummiselo egazini amadoda nabasetyhini 4-5 mln. / Cu. mm kunye 3.7-4.7 mln. / cu. MM ngokulandelelanayo. Ukuba utyebile, uthetha malunga iingxaki kunye nezintso, emzimbeni, phambi ithumba, eritremii. Ukwamkela amalungiselelo corticosteroid kwakhona kuphucula umgangatho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Kulula ukugqiba uvavanyo lwegazi Haematology.

inqanaba labo kuyancipha ngenxa anemias ezahlukeneyo, kwisithuba abantwana fluid elidlulileyo emzimbeni.

zegazi

Zegazi zibonelela iindonga semithambo kunye nezihlunu ukukwazi ephilayo ukuze uhlale uphelele, ukwandisa umthamo wabo okungenisa. Ukongeza, ngenxa impahla yabo occlude imithambo yegazi, ukopha izingxi, igazi iyajiya.

Kwiiplatelets unamathele kunye kungekuphela phakathi kwawo kodwa ezinye iiseli, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu zokuzikhusela iintsholongwane ongena egazini. Emva kuncanyatheliswe iiseli zegazi yayintsholongwane eyosulela ibhuqiwe, kubulala sisinika ingozi. Olu phawu usebenzisa umzimba efanayo ndawonye imithambo kunye iiseli nemithambo.

Nazi ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ulwazi hematological. KwiSithethe - iiyunithi 180-320 amawaka / ml ... Ukuba uyandiswa, ngoko kukho amathuba sephepha, wegazi, iinkqubo umhlaza esibindini kunye nezintso, samathambo, enteritis, exacerbation izifo ezosulelayo, ntshikilelo elirhabaxa, ukunxila, igazi.

Ukuba ngaphantsi kwe izifo eziqhelekileyo zegazi kunokwenzeka ezifana hepatitis, nomonakalo wesibindi kunye lomongo wethambo, kwemfuneko ukuswela hormone, utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa elide amayeza athile.

Inkcazelo kwezinye izalathi kuzo phaya kuhlalutyo

Yintoni enye ukugqiba uvavanyo lwegazi Haematology? Kokuhlaziya ilula.

Emva kokufunda ulwazi iiseli ilandelayo igazi kumqolo kumele hematocrit. Le yipesenti yabo bonke iiseli zegazi plasma. Ngokwesiqhelo, le nombolo ngaphakathi kwimida 39-49%, ukuba ibhaliswe utshintsho olwenzekileyo luncinane kakhulu, le nto kungekho sizathu ekuthabatheni inxaxheba enkulu, njengoko esi salathisi iyafuneka kuphela ulwazi ngokubanzi.

linyuke okanye ukwehla athi ukuba kukho ingxaki iiseli ezithile egazini. hematocrit High amaninzi kubonwa ngexesha yokungabikho elide oksijini okanye amanzi kwizihlunu zomzimba, igazi zizifo ngezifo zezintso. hematocrit Low kungaba ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ianemia, sindisa fluid.

iimvavanyo zegazi kakhulu ulwazi hematological. Abawacazululayo abadala kunye nabantwana efanayo, kodwa kukho ezinye umahluko.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuhlola erythrocyte rate neentlenge - ESR. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kufuneka 1-12 mm / h ngokuxhomekeke isini kunye nobudala. ESR Uphawu eliphezulu kakhulu Oncology kunye ukudumba imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, isifo sezintso okanye kungalingani hormone ezibangelwa, kuquka yokumitha zisanyisa, ukopha sexesheni. Isantya MA uwisa rhoqo xa coagulation disorder kwanokuxinana igazi, esinokubangela ukopha ziqhu - kubazali bakhe.

Chonga zonke ezi zinto ezibalulekileyo Haematology uvavanyo lwegazi. Ubuyiselo kubhalo oluqhelekileyo kufuneka wenziwe specialist.

isiphelo

Self zokucazulula uhlalutyo igazi hematological ingasetyenziswa ulwazi novavanyo kuphela. Zonke izimvo kunye nendawo kufuneka kwenziwa kuphela ngugqirha ukuba ukucacisa uxilongo kungafuna ezinye iimvavanyo neemviwo.

Ukwenzela ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwezifo ezininzi okanye ukubona kubo kusekwangoko, azihlole Kucetyiswa ukuba akukho ngaphantsi konyaka kudidi omdala sabantu, qho emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Ziqonde uhlalutyo hematological kuya kunceda ekuthinteleni iintlobo obuphambili ezimbi.