Vlas Doroshevich, intatheli Russian, umbhali: engobomi, ubuchule

Vlas Doroshevich - umbhali odumileyo Russian nentatheli, omnye feuilletonists athandwa kakhulu emva kwexesha XIX - kwiinkulungwane okuqala XX. Kwakhona yaziwa njenge yeqonga umgxeki enzulu oludlamkileyo.

Biography Mva

Vlas Doroshevich wazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1865. Uyise waba intatheli Sergei Sokolov, kodwa wafa ezisakhulayo sigula kakhulu. Unina naye ezinxulumene uncwadi, wafumana imfundo classical kwi Smolny Institute, inxaxheba epapashwe kule ncwadi eyinkunzi.

Igama lakhe Vlas Mihaylovich Doroshevich unyanzelekile uyise owamkhulisayo, abakhetha naye inyanga ezintandathu ubudala. Umama eshiya indodana yakhe ehotele, ukuba akukho ukulungele ukuzisa wedwa, kungekho umyeni wakhe.

Thought umama ongcono Doroshevicha kuphela emva kweminyaka eli-10. Noko ke, nangona isenzo yayo ngokungakhathali, inkundla ivumelene naloo mfazi, wamsa kuyo umntwana ishiywe. Esi siganeko ushiye uphawu yayo yonke nxi Doroshevicha. Umxholo yomthetho, kodwa abantwana unelishwa aye ukususela wajika rhoqo.

Xa kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala Vlas Doroshevich wangena inombolo yesikolo eMoscow 4. Kule minyaka imbalwa izayo batshintsha izikolo eziliqela. Isizathu oluqhelekilyo kokugxothwa uba ukuziphatha yakhe embi kunye nantlonelo namadoda amakhulu kunye nabaqeshi babo. Ekugqibeleni ke waphumelela umfundi eliphezulu esikolweni.

A wesikolo Vlas Doroshevich baqalisa ukusebenzisana kunye namaphephandaba ombaxa. Iimpapasho sokuqala kwi "iGazethi eMoscow" yaye "iphephandaba St. Petersburg".

Ngu Doroshevichi eza uzuko

Le ukuthandwa Doroshevicha imisebenzi ezifunyenwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, xa waqala ukuzivakalisa Odessa oolindixesha, ubukhulu becala ngemisebenzi ezihlekisayo.

Ukususela 1902 de Oktobha Revolution, yena usebenza ngumhleli iphephandaba "igama Russian", ephethwe yi umvakalisi ezaziwayo-kakuhle Sytin. Kwithuba elifutshane Doroshevich wenza Kolushicilelo athandwa kakhulu kweli lizwe, lokuhamba 'igama Russian "kuno zonke ezinye amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini.

Ngowe-1918 wafudukela Sebastopol Vlas Doroshevich, biography of ubomi bakhe kwiminyaka yakutshanje iye ezinxulumene ngqo eCrimea. Akazange ukuxhasa intshukumo omusha egqibela ngexesha ubomi zoluntu nobuntatheli. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Civil, xa ugula kakhulu, uthe ukuqondwa kwamandla eSoviet. Wabuyela Petrograd ngo-1921, apho kungekudala wabulawa sephepha kodwa-ziqala kwi eCrimea.

imisebenzi ezihlekisayo

Le ndima yasekhaya Doroshevich wangena, uqala ukuchwetheza amabali ezihlekisayo. Le misebenzi ukususela 1881, wapapasha ngo "iGazethi eMoscow". Ekuqaleni ongaziwa.

Ibali lokuqala eyaziwa Doroshevicha ebizwa ngokuba "Impindezelo yeyam". Wakhululwa lowu capital i "I Wave". Umbhali kwayo ikuluhlu uMalume Vlas. Kulo ngamaxesha efanayo, eqalisa ikholam yombhali "Diary of engumshumayeli." Enyanisweni, wenza intlekisa "Notes nje" umgxeki boncwadi Nikolaya Mihaylovskogo. Noko ke, kwesihloko nangoko ivalwe phantsi le ncwadi yokuqala Doroshevich wagxeka ubuntatheli Russian ngenxa elikomkhulu, umtyholwa ngqo ekudaleni izinto siko.

Ngoko Doroshevich lowu umnqweno wakhe ukuzimela kunye ukungamkeleki of lobuntatheli abonakele. Kule mpapasho sele kuvela amanqaku elibukhali kakhulu, ilizwi ophilayo nokubhuqa eyayifuna eziyelelene nto amabali ngakumbi ahlekisayo kunye nezinye iincwadi.

satires Doroshevicha

A indima enkulu kuphuhliso lobuntatheli Russian iye wadlala Vlas Doroshevich. Satires ezibhalwe nguye, Kusekho ingqalelo ngumzekelo omhle kule uhlobo. Kuba lo nguye kwakuhlwa igama "ukumkani amabali ahlekisayo."

Wenza kwacaca ukuba liqulunqe iintlobo ngeentlobo - pamphlet kwezopolitiko, bamaxwebhu inoveli, omnye satirical kunye nabanye abaninzi. Wabumba style "mfutshane umgca" yakhe, Bulelani apho imveliso wafumana ngqo, ngqo kunye ezingenamandla. Wayishiya ithandwa ngexesha ombaxa, ephembelela kuphela iintatheli yexesha, kodwa phezu ababhali.

Kumaxesha iprozi lephephandaba Doroshevicha uba par ziincwadi enkulu Russian, ngenxa umsebenzi ngenyameko siyambonga kunye ilizwi. ndawo Doroshevicha amanqaku satirical eyayinikelwe yemidlalo yeqonga. Kubo, wayezithethelela imigaqo ngokoqobo kwimizobo, kabukhali bagxeke kuziphatha, ngelo xesha angena onke amanqanaba oluntu.

Odessa period

Ngowe-1893 Doroshevich wafudukela Odessa. Apha uba umbhali "Odessa igqabi" Iphephandaba enkulu yephondo. Kuba unobangela kuthathwe kopapasho lokuqala, ugxeke intloko yesixeko. Livakale waba namandla kangangokuba Doroshevichi kwafuneka kangangexesha elithile ukuze ukushiya Odessa aze abuyele eSt Petersburg.

Emva kweenyanga ezi-6, wabuya obuqhubeka ipapasha satires zakhe Odessa de 1899. Imixholo ephambili, Lowo wayefudula ingqalelo, nguye nabasemagunyeni kwamagunya emhlabeni, umFilisti isithethe umnqweno ubulumko oosomashishini kunye nabarhwebi ukwenza imali yonke into. Ngelo xesha nye izenzo yokunikeza nezisweli iinkokeli amahlwempu, eziphambili kunye progressive.

Kulapha kwatsala ingqalelo nezazi lwedemokhrasi Vlas Doroshevich. Odessa ulwimi ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa ngabo skits, yena edunyiswa yi Gorky. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, ababhali ababephila ngexesha ezininzi begxeka Doroshevicha style odelelayo.

Ukususela ngowe-1895 Doroshevich iqala "Odessa igqabi" ukupapasha iingxelo lokuphambukela kwabo angaphandle, eyenza i ingxaki zithandwa ngakumbi. Waya eMelika, apho uthumela satires ezininzi kunye nezincoko malunga lenkolo yoohlohlesakhe yasekuhlaleni.

"Ixesha ezisabumbali"

Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi nangobungcibi wemihlathi owaye- dumile Vlas Doroshevich - "ixesha ezisabumbali." Le iqhekeza satirical, ebhalwe ngo-1905.

Kulo umbhali azama undigxeka wabonakala iminqweno konke konke yaye yonke into ukuqhula. On zonke iintlobo izifundo, yaye zonke iintlobo amacandelo oluntu. Bhalo eRussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, njengako Doroshevicha ithatha vysokosvetskuyu incoko okrelekrele, bexoxa imeko yangoku kweli lizwe. Endaweni yoko, wonke umntu uzama ukwenza intlekisa.

Xa soirees zoncwadi kunye namatheko asingabo iimbongi eziphambili kunye nemisebenzi yabo entsha okanye edlalwayo umculo weklasiki, yaye inkosi ukubalisa amabali okutsha. "Bonke ubomi ibuye ibe bhalo solid" - kalusizi izaziso yombhali.

"Ityala lika mu"

Enye lampoon umxhelo, owabhala Vlas Doroshevich - "Ityala mu." Intshukumo ithatha indawo kwidolophu Zavihryayske. bonke Iqala yokuduka ipolisa umlindi Siluyanova. ixesha kwakhe elide awukwazi ukufumana, yaye kungekudala kucaca ukuba mthengisi Semipudovy ucacisa indlela yokutya ipayi engekhoyo. Noko ke, kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo akabi sayikhumbula kuba enxila kunene. Kwangoko uvalelwe esolwa mu.

Kulo mzekelo, Kucacile ukuba umfundi ukuba amaqhawe ikeyiki wadla ndawonye, yaye ulungiselela yomrhwebi mincemeat ka Siluyanova. Noko ke, akukho namnye abalinganiswa kweli bali ningaqondi.

Kulo msebenzi Doroshevich kabukhali ugxeka umsebenzi ukuthotyelwa komthetho, kwakunye iinkundla kunye nabatshutshisi. Oku kubonisa yezehlakalo epheleleyo kunye nokungahoyi. Bright kuboniswa kunye nesimilo nedolophu. Missing Siluyanov ukuphela kubonakala avume ukuba lonke eli xesha yoyi enxilile. Kwaye eyona nto ichaza indlela waba nomsindo xa wabona incwadi na commoner. Kweli phawu nqaku libonisa iinkalo ezininzi oluntu ngelo xesha. In a imisebenzi ezincinane satirical babugubungela imiba nenkcubeko, imfundo kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho, beme ingxaki nganye buhlungu nganye kwezi nkalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso engundoqo kula manqaku satirical abhaliweyo abafundi kunye naliphi na inqanaba lemfundo ukuqonda uburharha kunye injongo yombhali ilula kwaye umbhali, kunye handymen. Le abantu unique kusebenza Doroshevicha.

"Lomnini"

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kumsebenzi wakhe Doroshevich wahlawula lokuya Sakhalin. Apho, wangena 1897, esebenza kwi "Odessa igqabi". Kunye naye baya thina kunye nabasebenzi ngecala. Isiphumo solu hambo yaba isincoko, umbhali kwawo Doroshevich Vlas - "lomnini". Kwaba ngokwenene ichaza lonke ubomi nzima. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ingozi kunye lithemba olwaluwalindile Sakhalin. Asiyiyo yodwa ke ababanjwa, kodwa ngaphandle balapho.

Doroshevich uxelela kakhulu amabali malunga zolwaphulo apho ngokweenkcukacha ukubonisa ubomi babantu apha igweba.

Ngowe-1903, yena uqokelela encwadini enye zezincoko "Sakhalin", nto leyo wadlala indima ekubunjweni abavakalelwa ngayo inguqu kwi olwandulela 1905. Incwadi wavalwa yaye athimba, kodwa tide sele isebenza.

Doroshevich and "igama Russian"

Le Doroshevich kakhulu ethandwa kuphunyezwa ngokusebenza kwi "igama Russian". Ngowe-1902, waba umhleli wayo, ukuguqula uhlobo Western eYurophu. Eli phephandaba yaba kakhulu oolindixesha ubunzima-ejikelezayo eRashiya.

Imfihlelo yempumelelo leyo ngendleko ephantsi, kahle eliphezulu namanqwanqwa. Ukongeza Doroshevicha ngo "igama Russian" wabhala Giljarovsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko neendawo zemidlalo yeqonga.

Ukuba umhleli Doroshevich oqeshwe kwisebe ngalinye yabasebenzi ngamnye, njengoko kwenziwe kumaphephandaba of England France. Xa ke intloko yesebe ngalinye liye kubeka umhleli owahlukileyo. imini yonke ukusebenza luqala nge Iintlanganiso zokwenza izicwangciso kusasa ukuxoxa izicwangciso zomsebenzi kunye livakale wadala yi lowo wokugqibela.

Inani wadlula ukushicilela malunga-22 iiyure, kodwa iindaba zakutshanje negalelo ngqo inkqubo yokukhupha ukuya ngentsimbi yesi-4 kusasa. Ku ukuze bakwazi ukufikelela nanto ngexesha ukuphendula.

Le kuhlelwa ukuseka amaziko kumnxulumanisi Doroshevicha kwizixeko ezinkulu eRashiya.

Bayahlelwa revolution Doroshevicha

Ngowe-1917 Doroshevich wahlala Petrograd. Ngelo xesha wayesele ugula kakhulu kwaye manqaphanqapha emandiyenze intatheli amazwe angaphambili. Bayahlelwa French Revolution, wabona eqalile kunye nomzekelo lwayo uzama ukulumkisa bexesha lakhe, ukuba yintoni enokuzisa iziganeko revolution Oktobha.

Ekuqaleni, yena ngokuchasene revolution, ethetha koonondaba ugxeka iingcamango uLenin kwiBolsheviks. Kamva, Noko ke, walibona amandla eSoviet kunye eSoviet Union ngexesha esebenzayo kwayo eprintiweyo. Kodwa emva kokuwa kweManyano imisebenzi yakhe ekugqibeleni yanyamalala ezishelifini.

impembelelo Doroshevicha

Abaphandi bafumanise nefuthe elikhulu, nto leyo yaba Doroshevich iincwadi Russian nobuntatheli. Ihlala kuphuhliso neentlobo ezininzi journalistic, indlela entsha kubo. Oku kusebenza ingakumbi inqaku.

indlela yakhe "line mfutshane" waba ngumzekelo omhle kakhulu koogxa bakhe kunye nabalandeli.