Ingongoma yomntla Eurasia - Cape Chelyuskin

Igalelo lwabahambi Russian kwimbali kumhlaba ezifunyaniswe enkulu ukuba uhlobo kwanyanzeleka ukuba, ngenxa yokuba ilizwe enkulu Urals lobulungu bukhosi kuyinyaniso "terra incognita". Kwizikhewu enkulu kumntla yemozulu ngqwabalala Arctic wayengenakuba zokuhlala abasisigxina, yaye iphumelele umbulelo kuphela ukuba nesibindi okukhulu, engaziva enyanzelekile bamazwe Russian kwindawo yomntla Eurasia.

Ukusuka Indian ukuya Arctic

Eurasia - nemisinga, emi ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu kwindawo mhlaba iyonke kunye ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Wayephila uninzi lwabantu. Ke ukuba emazantsi kwiindawo lizwekazi ime lexinene, ummandla circumpolar Arctic - esikhulu ephanzileyo entlango aqumbe.

Xa ubushushu wasemzantsi siqhuba zonke izinto eziphilayo ngamaza efudumeleyo Indian Ocean, nje ibhere elimhlophe aziva ekhululekile xa njengamaza olwandle lomnye - i-Arctic, nto leyo ikhutshwa kwindawo yomntla Eurasia - Cape Chelyuskin.

Hambo Great Northern

Ekupheleni kuka-1732 kweli phulo le-wamazwe Russian omkhulu Vitus wethu ukulungiselela hambo yasungulwa, kamva wafumana igama North Great. ngamaqela amahlanu lwabahambi baba ukuhlola unxweme Russian ukusuka emlonyeni Pechora River ukuya elunxwemeni Japan. Yaqhubeka zika olungaziwayo lwe kwindawo yomntla Eurasia. Kucacile emdeni Arctic Ocean ezibe amakhadi ngexesha uqikelelo - zommandla enkulu Arctic wahlala kwindawo mnyama kwendawo Russian kunye nehlabathi.

Ukusuka Lena ukuya Taimyr

Enye yezona ndawo zinzima - ephuma emlonyeni Lena ukuya Taimyr - ndafumana njengebutho phantsi umyalelo Vasiliya Pronchischeva. Uye wenza kwiindawo phantse ibhungane, apho kwakukho abaninzi abantu bomthonyama. The main uhambo nqanawa - ngesikhephe ekuqhubeni-isikhephe dubel (okt njengabo leyo baxhotyiswe iinqanawa, ubude kabini - .. 20 m) "Yakutsk" - watyunyuzwa ngenxa ngumkhenkce, kamva wafa Pronchishchev sombutho kunye nomfazi wakhe. Hambo yaqhubeka kwiinkampani ezintathu, ukuba aye kumhlaba owomileyo. ngezigaba ezimbini ukuhlangabezana ngempumelelo mngeni isifundo kunye nemephu kwimimandla esemantla unxweme.

Elinye iqembu umthetho Chariton Laptev, abanye baye kwindawo yomntla Eurasia - Umlawuli dubel-iphenyane "Yakutsk" amadlozi Ivanovich Chelyuskin. Ifani umphathi wokuqala kunye nomzala wakhe wahlala egameni circumpolar loLwandle Laptev, igama Chelyuskin ngokwenene ilivo.

East North Cape

Kunye kweyeshumi elinesibhozo kwi kude elwandle enkulu Tula igosa elizayo aselwandle azalwe, ogama lakhe lelona xesha kakhulu kumantla Eurasia, vula iminyaka engamashumi amane kamva. Ezi zifundo, kunye esikolweni eMoscow yemathematika kunye nokuhamba, vula ngokuyalelwa ngunozala zonke izithuthi Russian - Peter mna, kunye nenkonzo kuLwandle aseBalti elibamba umncedisi esasihamba.

Ngokomyalelo abagulayo V. V. Pronchischeva, waba umyalelo we "Yakutsk" kwaye susa lee ice phambili kwi emlonyeni kwemilambo zaseSiberia. Kweso sifundo, nentshona yonxweme Taimyr, leyo lwenziwa looding elikhokelwa Chelyuskin yaba ngendlela engazange ibonwe kude kube kuboniswa elunxwemeni, nangoMeyi 7, 1742 bafika promontory ilitye ephantsi, nto leyo kusungulwa iinqanawa weza kunye naye iinkuni namatye eziqokelelweyo.

Beyond kule ndawo akukho namnye weza. yobubanzi ubalwe nobude -77 ° 43'00 "kunye. w. 104 ° 18'00 "a. d. Cheliuskin kamnandi wamngenisa kwidayari yakhe, ezichaza Northern Cape Eastern. Ezi uququzelelo ze kwindawo yomntla Eurasia. Kodwa ke kwaye kwacaca kakhulu kamva, xa iziphumo hambo ezaphunyezwayo kule Society Geographical Russian.

Man and umkhumbi

hambo elandelayo safika incam esemantla Taimyr emva kweminyaka engamakhulu kuphela. Wokuwonga elaa feat lwekhulu leminyaka emva hambo Enkulu yeSiberia eMpuma-North Cape - kwindawo yomntla Eurasia - ukuba uqambe Cape Chelyuskin.

Igama Umatiloshe edume zafunyanwa 1932 umkhumbi combi, ngokukodwa ndiyakhele yeNavigeyishini kuyo womkhenkce shipyards ka Denmark. "Chelyuskin" yayiza Wothabatha umlomo Lena River Vladivostok, t. To. Ubunkokheli eSoviet wamnika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuphuhliso i Far North kunye East Far.

Chelyuskinskaya Saga

Bequbha, kwaba ukuqalisa navigation Arctic, oko waqala ngoAgasti 2, 1933, kunye kaSeptemba 1 umkhumbi Chelyuskin zafikelela Cape - kwindawo yomntla Eurasia. Xa ixesha yasekwa isikhululo polar kunye Observatory, eyayikhokelwa edume ID Papanin.

iziganeko Ezinye ezinkulu baye benza igama enqanaweni, kwaye nalo ke igama polar co-umqhubi, ihlabathi odumileyo. KuLwandle Chukchi, inqanawa yavalwa ice waza waqalisa ukukhukulisekela kwi wethu Strait. 13 Februwari 1934 ngonyaka, "Chelyuskin" waziphosa enzonzobileni enomkhenkce, abakwazi ukumelana yengcinezelo yenkitha omkhenkce. Amadoda kunye nezixhobo wapha engaphambili kwi ice floe, laqalisa utyando ukuze ndibahlangule.

Koloni ngomhla ekupheleni polar le Taimyr. Yeyona kwindawo yomntla Eurasia, ibekwe kwi ummandla Russia, ngoko isikhululo polar, sise Cape Chelyuskin, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela nokusebenza. Kuba kweenyanga ezimbini, bonke abantu - abantu 104 - ezibe-moya lisuswe ice ipaka. Uzuko ukuba abahloli yobuqhawe ezibandayo kunye nabaqhubi ke kwamnandi, abaqhubi bayo baba ngamagorha yokuqala eSoviet Union, igama Chelyuskinites wayesazi lonke eli lizwe - ukuqala kuncinci ukuya ku- nkulu.

Arctic namhlanje

Russia Namhlanje uye wavakalisa ukubaluleka izilangazelelo kwindawo Arctic. Umthetho izinto lomhlaba Arctic, ukutyala imali kuphando kunye nophando zejoloji. Ingongoma yomntla Eurasia nayo ifumana indawo yayo kwezi nkqubo. Station uphando Cape Chelyuskin xa kuthelekiswa nexesha eSoviet yaba ngaphantsi kodwa uyaqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ngoovulindlela lemibingelelo Arctic nto yaba lilize.