Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ye-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir: uluhlu photo

I-Red Book of ummandla Vladimir - uxwebhu, apho wabonakala ngenxa yomsebenzi yenkuthalo izazinzulu. Wona indawo osisityebi emahlathini (bakuthabatha kancinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ndawo), kunye imozulu opholisayo ngobulali, ithetha inani elikhulu enezityalo nezilwanyana. Kungenxa yoko le nto kummandla Vladimir zizilwanyana ezininzi Book oluBomvu. Phantsi evumayo kakhulu eziphilayo picture 6 pesenti yomhlaba - ummandla izinto ezikhuselweyo. Phakathi kwabo i-National Park "Meschera" kwaye echibini Isihra. Nantsi inxalenye yendawo kunye "Klyazma" onentsingiselo federal.

Yintoni Incwadi Red?

Inyathelo lokuqala kukuthatha isigqibo oko Book oluBomvu, yintoni injongo yayo iimpawu. Ngoko ke olu xwebhu uluhlu ngabameli ezinqabileyo okanye ezisengozini enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Kuyinto yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba xwebhu ikhona kuphela Russian Federation. Ngowe-1963, i-International Red Book (umsebenzi kwenzeka ngo-1948) ukhululwe.

Ngokumalunga ethile kwilizwe lethu, ekuweni i-USSR kwakukho iNcwadi Red waseUSSR, uze - ngo-2001 sele wabona ukukhanya iseti kwizityalo ezikhuselweyo kunye nezilwanyana Russia, ebizwa ngokuba Book oluBomvu. Kwaye ngoko ke, abalawulwa Federation sele beqalisile ukuvelisa Iincwadi zazo zengingqi Red Data.

Izisa ndawonye amaxwebhu ezifanayo enye - isakhiwo zabo. Zonke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zahlulwe iindidi unyamalale ngokupheleleyo (phambi kwabo luphawu 0) kwabo abantu abakulo inkqubo lokubuyisela (mark 5). Phakathi kwezi amaxabiso ukuhlangabezana isisongelo kokunyulwa yokuduka (1), inani ngokucuthwa (2), ezinqabileyo (3) kunye yawo (4).

Bebonke zonke iincwadi ebomvu kunye noyilo lwabo - ikopi nganye sikhatshwa ngumfanekiso ukubengezela ekubizweni yokuhlala.

I-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir

Yintoni njengokuhexa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezidweliswe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kummandla Vladimir, inani labo kuthetha izilwanyana 160, izityalo efanayo neenkowane-10.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-2008 (upapasho lokuqala leNcwadi Red) ngomzuzu inani lezilwanyana yehliswe kabini ngqo, isityalo iiyunithi 48, nomngundo kwi-7.

I-Red Book of noVladimir mmandla, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zeziphi umxholo weli nqaku yaqala yapapashwa ngowe-2008. Limele a ngoko uluhlu lweentlobo imele (iRhuluneli Ndiwise) kuyo. oku Zonke - isiphumo yomsebenzi onzima izazinzulu, ngoncedo apho uluhlu kuye kwenzeka.

Ngo-2010, uluhlu ehlaziyiweyo lincitshiswe. Yintoni na isizathu? Ngelishwa, ukuncitshiswa kuphela zokuhlala. Kude kube ngoku, nokwamarhamncwa Red Book of kummandla Vladimir yayisecicini lokutshabalala - eli muskrat Russian, kunye nendwe, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Nazi ezi ntlobo kakhulu ezinqabileyo enezityalo nezilwanyana nganye iiklasi.

umhlaba emifuno

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngakumbi kancinane kwisiqingatha kwintsimi ngingqi ehlanganiswa amahlathi, noAshera becala ezinde okanye amahlathi nompleyini kunye namahlathi nespruce. Kukho kwakhona kuxutywe. Kwezinye iindawo, kukho nqwelo ezinqabileyo zemithi kwekalika abaselula - ukuba bahlale bagawule ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, yaye ngoku uzama ukubuyisela. Kunjalo kunjalo kwi-oki; bona zinqabile, ubukhulu becala phezu kweenxweme Klyazma kunye Oka nemilambo.

Yobuninzi amahlathi, imozulu ephakathi sakhona nefudumeleyo webutho ophakathi kukho ithuba elikhulu ekukhuleni berry neenkowane. Kwakhona, le ndawo igcwele nezityalo ityhubhu, ezininzi kuzo zidweliswe zisemngciphekweni, kodwa ngokukodwa ikhuselwe ezibhalwe "ezisengozini", umzekelo, polushnik ezinoboya, Slipper nenekazi, Karelian ezinde, caltrop amanzi.

Polushnik ezinoboya - izityalo ezifumaneka apha ngaseludongeni amadama ezahlukeneyo, oko ukhetha imihlaba enesanti kunye uneentlenga okanye isanti nje. Polushnik zikhula zibe ubunzulu kangangeemitha ezi-2, ngoko ke ithanda amanzi kakhulu nyulu. Amanzi ungcoliseko lwamanzi ikhokelela yokuduka kwisityalo.

Nenekazi Slipper - intyatyambo, hayi nje ukubetha ubuhle bakhe; kodwa nonyango. It isoloko isetyenziswa sine. Le ntyatyambo umdla yaye yintoni na "umgibe" rasteniem- badle ezisasaza zabo. Bethuna kuphela kuyo eRussia kodwa kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu. Yintoni na isizathu? Nemisebenzi yabantu: ukugawula amahlathi ukulima yayintsha izityalo ndawo, yenza umonakalo onjalo ezikhethekileyo abemi babo, yintoni na Slipper elo nenekazi.

Unomdla kwimbali ukukhusela rogulnika ezidadayo. Kude kube kamva nje, wakhonza kwi-Red kwiNcwadi RSFSR, Noko ke, ngenxa ngokomlinganiso isicelo, ndagxothwa apho. Rogulnik kuphela kwizixhobo zengingqi esingqongileyo. Kuquka Red Book of kummandla Vladimir: izilwanyana kunye nezityalo adweliswe kulo, kuphantse ukuba yanyamalala kule ndawo. Kutheni rogulnik? isiqhamo sawo sifana intloko yenkomo. Ukhula kwamachibi ngamanzi amileyo okanye ngokucotha ugeleza. Ukusuka ethanda zemihlaba uneentlenga.

Trees: ezinde Karelian

ezinde Karelian - simanga izihluma ekhethekileyo ngokupheleleyo. nemithi yayo onomlinganiselo yendalo.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kuye esisetyenziselwe nokuveliswa zonke iintlobo izinto zekhaya (nezacholo, caskets). Ngelishwa, abemi Karelian ezinde omncinane yaye, ke ngoko, othi uqhutywe umsebenzi wayo nokulondolozwa: Isangena yonke imithi uyagawulwa kuphela imvume kwabasemagunyeni.

izinambuzane

Yobuninzi kwamahlathi kunye namaqumrhu ezinikiweyo zamanzi ikhaya ekhuselekileyo iintlobo ezininzi izihluma. Noko ke, izilwanyana yommandla Vladimir, ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, baninzi kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo apho izinambuzane, neentaka, kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.

Yona izinambuzane, kufuneka owokuqala wathi ngabantu bonke amabhungane emhlabeni Menetries, ecwebezelayo nemfusa - bonke bephela zisemngciphekweni lokutshabalala ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba bahlala amahlathi (ecwebezelayo, nemfusa), apho zinambuzane processing, imigodi, amadlelo iinkomo, okanye imigxobhozo (Menetries), nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke sokulungiswa izixa ezikhulu.

Unako kwakhona uqaphele zinyosi: eziqhelekileyo, yonellyus, moss, iziqhamo kunye nodongwe. Kwakhona bee-ngumchweli. Zonke ezi abameli Hymenoptera bancipha ngenxa ngokonakala zokuhlala: yengca nemihlaba yeenkuni esetyenziselwa amadlelo, iikhemikhali ukuqhubekekiswa, Amahlathi abachatshazelwa imililo ngokungena.

arthropoda

izilwanyana Rare ummandla Vladimir ukusuka kwiNcwadi oluBomvu - kubuye arthropods. Shirokopaly kunye oononkala uzkopaly, zesigcawu, iintimba, Szczytno spring ezineqokobhe - ukuba amanye amalungu lweentlobo.

Imihlaza kunye uzkopaly shirokopaly, umdla kuba akukho phambana kuyehla, yaye, ngokuthe ngcembe ihambisa owesibini. umahluko omkhulu endaweni hayi; ukuba kukhetha ngembambo ngamanzi ioksijini, acocekileyo. Unobangela yobukhulu bawo ezincinane, ngenxa yoko, ukhuselo ungcoliseko kunye ukomisa olawulo lwamanzi, kwakunye isifo esithile - isibetho ngumhlaza.

Spider-jewel yenza kwezenkolo inkxalabo ngaphantsi kancinane intlanzi uchazwe apha ngasentla. Yeyona iintlobo kuphela ezinamaqokobhe naphaya ebomini emanzini. It ukhetha amanzi kakubi elibaleka okanye emi amanzi. Ukuncipha kwenani labo, kwakunye okuye kwakhokelela ekubeni amanzi ufumana izigcawu ezincinane.

entwasahlobo Szczytno ezineqokobhe akukho kwahluka phakathi kwabo. Ezi izilwanyana Olubomvu Book of kummandla Vladimir yasasazwa ngomhla emazantsi amachibi, kwaye ubunzulu nga eziqalela iisentimitha ezimbalwa (izadunge, izisele). Isizathu sokuba zokunciphisa - ndiyitshise lweendawo zokuhlala, ukwanda lobushushu amanzi.

fish

Izilwanyana kwakunye nezityalo Red Book of kummandla Vladimir, ehlala emachibini, ukuba ayiphelelanga izinambuzane kunye arthropods - phakathi kwabo kukho iintlanzi. Phakathi kwabo kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye starlet kunye bullhead. Lokuqala - ethe kakhulu nokucoceka kwamanzi, loo nto kwaye esibhalwe phantsi kwiNcwadi oluBomvu yodidi olusengozini, ngokuba kuphela ezigcina amanzi acocekileyo abe ngaphantsi. Ukongeza, indima iyingozi eyadlalwa indalo ngokusekelwe amadama lwemilambo, apho amanzi hayi icocwe kakuhle, okubi kuwanelisa mpilo, njengokuba kwezi amadama kunzima ngaphandle iintlanzi ukuze ujungujungu.

Bullhead nayo ifumaneka kuphela crystal nasemanzini. Ngokungafaniyo sterlets ayenzi ukuthutha kwaye lihlala ndawo yayo. Le ntlanzi ukuya kwi-12 cm inkangeleko eloyikekayo kakhulu: nentloko enkulu, enkulu ngokwaneleyo kunye amehlo ebomvu. Isikali sculpin, kodwa kukho kuphela enameva, leyo ukunqanda zamarhamncwa. Umbala picture kufana emazantsi: intlanzi brown-yellow, ithinti maxa wambi zana.

iintaka

I-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir, izilwanyana apho ifoto - ngumxholo kweli nqaku, kwaye iqulathe nentaka. Abameli kwalo myalelo kwi uluhlu lwe eninzi, unike ezo kuphela awanalo iwonga "ezisengozini".

oqhuba Little. Le ntaka luhlala phezu kweendonga zemilambo, amachibi kunye namachibi, Ukunyamalala yayo kungenxa yokuba inani elincinane ziindawo yokwakha kunokwenzeka, ukongeza, kukho iimeko xa yokuhlala iisooty ngamanzi ngexesha izikhukula.

emhlophe namnyama. Ezi iintlobo ezimbini zeentaka ayachaphazeleka, ngokuyintloko ngenxa ngaphandle kwemvume kunye nokonakaliswa iindlwane. ezinjengengwamza kunokuba enkulu entle - zifuduka, kwiinyanga ezipholileyo zimke aze abuyele iindlwane zazo entwasahlobo. Emva koko ke babeke amaqanda abo izale. amanyathelo Ukhuseleko zenzelwe ukunceda nabo yokwakha, nayo zicinezelwa lo kwemvume.

Ukususela iintaka inyama ezikhuselweyo ngenyameko kakhulu yi-Red Book nenkqo, inyoka eagle, eagle yegolide, ukhozi ezimhlophe-ezinomsila kunye njengeyona nesangxa. Inani iintlobo zeentaka inyama lincitshiswe ngenxa izinto ezininzi, ikakhulu idlala indima iintsilelo sites kufuywe nokutshatyalaliswa iindlwane ezidla (ezifana iimpungutye). Ngelishwa, akukho kunye ngumba ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ngokuba ukhozi nesihuluhulu batya iintaka ezincinane kunye nezilwanyana nga bahlala kwiindawo zingcoliswe ngamachiza.

Owl - enye intaka edla inyama, ephantsi ukhuselo. A ithuba ukuyifumana nokuba kwinkulungwane XX iye lemithombo zero: yesikhova sekusondele ukuba ziphele nya. Oku ikakhulu ngenxa ezenziwa ngabantu: iintaka shot, iingqameko iindawo zokuhlala kwabo (kwamahlathi) waza wenza kube nzima ukubamba ukutya. owl Eagle yesikhova inkulu ehlabathini. Ukudla yakhe zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kunokuba njengezinye iintaka ezidla kunye ezincancisayo, kunye emanzini. feature uphawu wangaphandle - i uhlobo 'iindlebe "ye uboya entloko.

ezanyisayo

ezincancisayo ezinegazi elishushu ye-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir, kunye iifoto kunye nenkcazelo apho uqhelene kweli nqaku bambalwa. Ingakumbi ekhathazayo kwezenkolo inyathi, lynx eYurophu, otter kunye muskrat Russian. Makhe sihlole isilwanyana ngasinye ngakumbi.

Nyathi libhekisela parnopalym izilwanyana. Nganeno ngaseludinini wokutshabalala, loo nto ithathwa inkulu kuzo zonke ezincancisayo eYurophu. Ezi zilwanyana ezinkulu bahlala ngokwamaqela amancinane, nto leyo musa ukuvumela abanye ungulates. Okwangoku, amanyathelo ziyaphunyezwa ukwandisa nyathi.

Lynx vulgaris - ummeli usapho ikati kunye ubukhulu esingadlulanga inja enkulu. Le irhamncwa has a imbonakalo endingasokuze kakhulu, uphawu olwahlula lynx - "ibrashi" kwi ezindlebeni. uboya isilwanyana entle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba yintoni injongo ngaphandle kwemvume.

River otter Selety phezu kweendonga omlambo olephuzayo. Oku kufuneka ukuba ibe sisilwanyana encinane usapho weasel, kuba la manzi musa ngumkhenkce ebusika, kwaye otter ubomi uyawondla kuzo. Yena bezandla omangalisayo, inceda emzimbeni evuthelweyo, ezihamba ngamathupha azo okwedada kwaye ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze namanqatha nto ngumkhenkce ngamanzi abandayo. Izilwanyana kwakunye nezityalo Red Book of kummandla Vladimir Kukho becala ngenxa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo yabantu. Inya - akukho ngaphandle. Inyaniso ukuba baphile kuphela ngamanzi acocekileyo, yaye ezi amadama buya ezincinane.

Desman Russian - ummeli omnye ngaphezulu ezincancisayo, zikhuselwe. Esi silwanyana unohlobo ehlekisayo: a impumlo elide, umzimba ezinoboya kwaye ikwabandakanya isikali enamandla umsila-wheel, elikuvumela ukuba ngamaqhinga ngokukhawuleza imingxuma ukuba uphanda kunxweme imilambo kuzolile kunye namachibi. Kakhulu ukuzingela izilwanyana ezincinane kusongela: kwinkulungwane XIX ukuba ndingabatshabalalisi yale mithi. Wongezelela igalelo layo ekuphungulweni labemi kunye nomsebenzi kwezoqoqosho lomntu: amanzi yokukhupha amanzi okanye ukwakhiwa ngokungekho mthethweni mida yabo.