I-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir: izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Gcina uhlobo

Ngowe-2008, oko lwapapashwa okokuqala Red Book of kummandla Vladimir. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zibandakanyiwe kulo, kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni nje iintlobo zezidalwa zisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Eka le ncwadi ipapashwe 2010

Kujongwe hayi kuphela ziingcali kodwa ukuba uluhlu olubanzi kubafundi. Le ncwadi iqulathe uluhlu kunye nenkcazelo emfutshane zohlobo ezinqabileyo enezityalo nezilwanyana: fungi (iintlobo-10), izityalo (iintlobo 160), izilwanyana (iintlobo 160).

Enezityalo nezilwanyana yendawo

Le flora le ngingqi kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oku ikakhulu wayemele hlathi emantla, ehlathini emathafeni iintlobo Western yaseYurophu esemazantsi. Kumaxesha amandulo, xa intsimi layohlala glacier, kunye Kwathi marten, vole ebhankini, polecat, esimibalabala eluhlaza. Enziwe ukuba ezinzile-imi- 30-40 we enkunzini zasendle, nto leyo iya kubhuqwa phantse ngokupheleleyo, kodwa bakhona ubuyiselwe ngeendleko lezilwanyana amazwe. Ngoko ke, i-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezo ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, eli xesha na zazaliswa iintlobo ezintsha. Ngenxa yeendawo zokuhlala izityalo coniferous evela eSiberia ukusasazeka imivundla, iielk, icula kunye nesakhwatsha.

abemi imifuziselo sifunda oonomatse, voles nkqu iintlobo nabameli namabuzi. I inkulu kubo - beaver, kanti naye imeko efanayo naleyo yasendle. Inkoliso amadama wezandyondyo ukuba ubusika akuthethi ngumkhenkce ukuya ezantsi, ubomi muskrat.

Umngundo kunye nezityalo

Iinkalo landscape kakhulu zixhaphakileyo amahlathi mixed. Elilungileyo sezulu kumazwekazi inika iimeko ezifanele ukuphuhliswa ubomi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Hlathi malunga 56% yendawo komhlaba iyonke. Esilawulwa ikakhulu pine, nespruce kunye ezinde, oki zifumaneka apha lomfula. Kuba yobuntu ummandla Vladimir lizisa zibabalo zilungileyo; yobuninzi amakhowa, namaqunube, izityalo zamachiza. flora Total iquka iintlobo 1370, kuquka iintlobo-19 ulele kunye ubulembu iintlobo-230.

Zonke izityalo kule ncwadi yahlulwe mhlawumbi icinyiwe, esengozini, lwamanani zancitshiswa, ezinqabileyo, malunga nemeko ezisengozini kwaye yokungaqiniseki. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukunciphisa kwinani iziganeko ibhekisela uhlobo olunye kuphela - raspberry, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba berry olityelweyo. Long-term ityholwana liyalahleka kwiindawo zokuhlala zendalo kubangelwa ikakhulu kwamahlathi. Enye Red Book of kummandla Vladimir (izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kwisicatshulwa) ziquka iintlobo zezidalwa zisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Le lehle lo wezihlangu zakhe. isityalo angehli akuthethi ukukhusela nokuba lability zawo, okt isakhono ukukhula kwimihlaba amahlwempu neyomileyo. Imadlana Inani mnogoryadnik Brown, Naiad encinane kusenziwa irubhrikhi, Fritillaria Meleagris, malaxis monophyllos, cloudberries, pobegonosnoe oselula.

Ummandla kwakhona lukhula inani elikhulu fungi ezithathwa neentlobo ezinqabileyo: i truffle emhlophe, osinovik, greasers zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, Veselka abaqhelekileyo, Grifola frondosa.

bone fish Rare and ezisengozini

Imilambo ayahamba na ummandla mmandla kuba uhehema lwesitya sokuhlambela iVolga, ubude sabo setotali ngu 8560 km. Bonke babe iimpawu ezithile yeflethi: kwithambeka encinane, ngoku buthathaka, tortuosity kakhulu umjelo. Imilambo namachibi uzaliswe intlanzi, kuquka ukulobela ezixabisekileyo. I-Book Red idweliswe Intlanzi Russian, Intlanzi (ifoto), bullhead eqhelekileyo, spike, minnow ichibi. Isizathu sokuba inani elincinane - kwemikhombe kwaye ungcoliseko lwamanzi bubumdaka mveliso.

I-Red Book of kummandla Vladimir: intaka

Uhlelo entsha kuquka iintlobo zeentaka ezingamashumi amathathu anambini, nabameli amaqembu elinambini. Ezi ziquka Diver omnyama-umqala, Grebe, lokhwalimanzi, nedada sisidenge, nedada zaselwandle, merlin, njengeyona nesangxa, kestrel eqhelekileyo, isikhova, nefubesi encinane, iinkuni kwaMagwangqa. Esesichengeni walibona nengwamza emnyama. Le iintlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu yeentaka ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Russia. Yena shy, uhlala kwindawo ehlathini kwaye uzama ukuthintela abantu. Yokuphila kunye nendlela abaziphethe iimpawu ukuba zingaqondwa kakuhle ngenxa ukubonakala lahlukile. Isiseko ukutya yeentlanzi.

Izilwanyana ezidweliswe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kummandla Vladimir: ezizingelayo

nezilwanyana ezitya zezona phezulu ikhonkco lokutya, kwaye iintshaba kancinane okanye akukho yendalo ngaphandle mntu. Bephantsi nokhuseleko kuzo zonke zontathu iintlobo. Kubo eziphilayo, okanye ngamanye amazwi, zanyamalala kule ndawo, i ibhere brown - enye ezizingelayo sikhulu ehlabathini. Yena kanye belimiwe lonke elaseYurophu, kunye nakummandla kumzantsi ezihlala yayo iye yafika emazweni Afrika, eMpuma - China. Ngoku extinct kwimimandla emininzi eRashiya.

Endangered iintlobo ezimbini - lynx yaziwa kunye otter. Isilwanyana lokuqala - ummeli lentsapho cat. Iintlobo yomntla, indawo yokuhlala okutshabalalayo yaseScandinavia. Kuye yohlobo ngasese kwaye ithanda ihlathi buthuntu, ebumnyameni. Izizathu inani elincinane enxulumene ukutshatyalaliswa zokuhlala zabo.

Akukho umdla bade izilwanyana lommandla wethu njengoko iilynx komlambo. ubungakanani obuncinane ezanyisayo kuyimpilo nezo zihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini. Yeyona ilungu ixhaphakileyo lentsapho kwaye uhlala kuyo yonke eRashiya, kodwa kule ndawo ngenxa yesizathu esithile, amanani zabo kwiminyaka yakutshanje eliphantsi kakhulu.

ezincancisayo uphuphu-neempuphu kwaye ezidla

Squad ezimbini Le ncwadi ibonisa iintlobo ezintathu. Kwingingqi Vladimir kumiwa ngabantu neentlobo ezinqabileyo relict zomyalelo izinambuzane - it muskrat (ifoto emileyo). Isilwanyana encinane ibe ngathi kakhulu ezingekho semgangathweni: nkawu impumlo, intshebe, iflethi njenge nomsila beaver esikhatshwa, intloko encinane kunye uboya omhle kakhulu zamafu. Eyona nto iphambili igalelo ekunciphiseni inani nezilwanyana kwamahlathi njengeempuphuma, ungcoliseko lwamanzi, ekufunxeni of nemigxobhozo.

Owesibini Iqela elimele - le noctule giant. Le yenye bat inkulu eYurophu. Rate kakhulu inani labo nzima ngenxa yendlela imfihlo yobomi, kodwa hlobo kwinqanaba likazwelonke uthathwa ukuba babe sengozini.

Ukususela umyalelo izilwanyana uphuphu-ayabulala kummandla nganeno ngaseludinini lokutshabalala inyathi yaseYurophu. Waba ummeli yokugqibela iqela zeenkomo zasendle kwi kummandla eYurophu yanamhlanje.

Ukuba injalo kwisikali Red Book of kummandla Vladimir. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, oko kwabhalwa, ezisengozini yokutshabalala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, loo mntu unetyala. Xa osisityebi ukwahluka kweentlobo minyaka yehliswe hayi ngokomgangatho kuphela kodwa nangokobungakanani.