Xa uPetros wazalwa 1, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane, ubukumkani

Isifundo yesihloko "Personality Peter 1" ibalulekile ekuqondeni iinguqu zabo oluqhubekayo eRashiya. Ngapha koko, xa lethu lizwe luhlobo monarchical karhulumente ntonje umlinganiswa, ubuntu kwaye ukuyilwa nokumkani wagqiba kumgca engundoqo kuphuhliso lwezentlalo nopolitiko. Oku kulawula Tsar ibandakanya kakhulu ixesha elide, ngo-1689 (xa ekugqibeleni yasuswa yemicimbi kawonke udade wabo Nozipho), naphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-1725.

iimpawu Jikelele ngexesha

Ingqalelo xa uPetros wazalwa 1 kufuneka uqale ucazululo imeko jikelele yezembali eRashiya ekupheleni XVII - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Yaba ixesha xa lizwe imiqathango liqalelayo utshintsho kakhulu kwaye kakhulu kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nenkcubeko. Kakade ebudeni bolawulo Alexei Mikhailovich wathi ngokucacileyo intsingiselo ukuya kwii-mpumelelo yaseYurophu Western kweli lizwe. Xa umlawuli enye sithathe amanyathelo ukuguqula iinkalo ezithile zobomi lwentlalo.

Ngoko ke, umntu of Peter 1 kwamiswa ngexesha xa uluntu iye ngokucacileyo ufifi imfuneko iinguqulelo ezinkulu. Kule nkalo, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba khange abonakale umsebenzi aguqulayo * uKhesare yokuqala Russian esithubeni, kwaba yoko yendalo eziyimfuneko lonke uphuhliso esandulela eli lizwe.

ebuntwaneni

Peter 1, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane, ulawulo nenguqulo efanele yolu phononongo, wazalwa ngo May 30 (9 Juni) ngo-1672. Indawo ngqo yokuzalwa umlawuli elizayo ayaziwa. A kwincopho eqhelekileyo kwimboniselo phambili, le ndawo ibisoloko yesicelo, kodwa bakhombe kwidolophana Kolomenskoye kunye Izmailovo. Nguye lo mntwana elinesine usapho Tsar Alexei, kodwa kuqala umfazi wakhe wesibini, Natali Kirillovny. Peter 1 kumgca koomama bayinzala Naryshkin. Yena ke intombi iindwalutho afike, nto leyo koko kwangaphambili umzabalazo wabo neqela elikhulu kunye nempembelelo Boyar Miloslavskys kwinkundla, ezibe izihlobo ukumkani nomfazi wakhe wokuqala.

Childhood Peter 1 wadlula phakathi abongikazi, abangazange amnike imfundo kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba isiphelo sobomi yaye bafunda ukufunda nokubhala, kwakunye neempazamo nokubhala. Noko ke, kwaba inkwenkwe benelungelo kakhulu owayenomdla yonke into, yabe bafuna ukwazi, leyo wazimisela umdla yakhe kwinzululwazi ebonakalayo. Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, akuba ezelwe, Peter 1, nalo ixesha xa wayifulela yi kwimfundo baseYurophu, kodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala umlawuli elizayo lidlule elo xesha ngezinto eziqhubekayo ezintsha kwizangqa eliphezulu kuluntu.

intsha

Life of Prince eya kwidolophana yoTshintsho, apho ke, enyanisweni, wayeme yedwa. Nzulu ukuphakamisa umfana engaganwanga kwenye, ngoko ukufunda yakhe ezikumila befunda le minyaka. Kodwa ebuntwaneni 1 Petros waye esisityebi kunene kunye neziqhamo ngokoMthetho ukuyilwa ye-Outlook yakhe kunye nomdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi kunye nezenziwayo. Yena waba nomdla kakhulu kwi lombutho womkhosi kunye, nto leyo yenza ebizwa ngokuba yi-iishelfu funny, olu sapho lwaluquka kweyadi amakhwenkwe, kwakunye koonyana iindwalutho, ogama izinto zibekwe kufutshane nam. Kunye nale neeyunithi ezincinane wathabatha zilikhusi uchaze amalungiselelo imilo kunye neentlawulo, ukuvelisa uhlaselo. Ngokunxulumene nexesha elinye sinokuthi Kwakukho umkhosi uPetros 1. Ekuqaleni nje iphenyane elincinane kancinane, kodwa kunjalo kucingwa ukuba abe nguyise wayenothotho Russian.

Amanyathelo okuqala kakhulu

Sele kuxeliwe ukuba ixesha wokuzalwa Peter 1, uthathwa ukuba kubakho utshintsho kwimbali weRashiya. Ngeli xesha eli lizwe waba kwisigxina, xa kwakukho bonke ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala eziyimfuneko ukuze bangene ebaleni wezizwe. Amanyathelo okuqala athathwa kweli cala ngexesha uhambo ngokubanzi umlawuli elizayo amazwe Western eYurophu. Wandula ke wakwazi ukunikela ubungqina iimpumelelo kula mazwe kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi.

Peter 1, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu ngokufutshane equka kweli nqanaba ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe, bawazisa impumelelo Western Yurophu, kwi-technology kunye nezikhali. Noko ke, watsalela ingqalelo inkcubeko kunye nokufundiswa kula mazwe, amaziko abo ezopolitiko. Emva kokubuyela kwakhe eRashiya, wenza iinzame nokuphuculwa izixhobo zolawulo, umkhosi, awunakuphangwa igunya ngumthetho, owabakhoyo ukulungiselela ilizwe zokungenela kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele.

Lokuqala iBhodi: ekuqaleni kuphuculo

Ixesha wokuzalwa Peter 1, yayilixesha ukulungiselela utshintsho kakhulu kwilizwe lethu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuguquka soMhlekazi kuqala wavela ukuya kwindawo nabanamava kangangeenkulungwane umdali wayo. Ekuqaleni kobukumkani bakhe, umlawuli omtsha ububhangisile Boyar Duma, nto leyo zakonosoveschatelnogo igunya phantsi ookumkani zangaphambili. Kunoko, wadala yeeNgwevu yemodeli West yaseYurophu. Kwakufuneka ukuba kuhlangana yeeNgwevu ngomhla ukuzoba up imithetho. Kubonisa into yokuba ekuqaleni yaba ngumlinganiselo wexeshana, nto leyo ke, yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, eli ziko waqhubeka kwaze Februwari Revolution ka-1917.

olunye utshintshwano

Oku sele bathi kuPetros 1 kwicala koomama uvela entsapho amanene kakhulu amanene. Noko ke, unina yakhe phezulu ngomoya yaseYurophu, leyo, Kakade ke, waba nefuthe ungubani lo mfana, nangona ukumkanikazi kwimfundo unyana wakhe ngqo iimbono zesiNtu kunye nezenzo. Noko ke ukumkani uthambekele ukuguqula phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu Russian, nto leyo ngokoqobo yimfuneko ngenxa kuloyiso ngomnyango IsiRashiya ukuya kuLwandle eBaltic kunye nokukhululwa lizwe kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele.

Kwaye ngoko ke uKhesare ayikazi izixhobo zezolawulo: ibhodi wadala endaweni-odolo, i-Sinodi ngenxa kulawulo lwemicimbi zecawa. Ukongeza, wabumba umkhosi rhoqo kunye nesinqanawa Peter 1 iye yaba ngomnye kakhulu phakathi kwamanye amagunya aselwandle.

Iimpawu zemisebenzi yotshintsho

Eyona njongo iphambili yale loMlawuli wayeza wokuhlaziya ezo ndawo ukuba ukuze kulungiswe le misebenzi ibalulekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi yokulwa izimpi eziliqela. ke kuyacaca wacinga ukuba ezi nguqu ziya kuba okwexeshana. Uninzi mbali mihla bayavuma ukuba umlawuli wayengekho inkqubo lokuhlela lwemisebenzi ukuguqula lizwe. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba wayesenza ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile.

Meaning iinguqulelo uMlawuli ukuba ezihlangwini zakhe

Nangona kunjalo, lo mkhuba yokuvuselelwa yakhe ilele kubantu yokuba la manyathelo ebonakala okwethutyana asinda elide umdali wayo ekho phantse ingaguqukanga kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini. Ngaphezu koko, ezihlangwini zawo, umzekelo, uCatherine II, ligxile ekuphumezeni oko. Kuthiwa ukuba umlawuli yokuvuselelwa waya kuloo ndawo kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Life Peter 1, eneneni, luzinikele ukutshintsha nokuphucula kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo oluntu. Yena wayenomdla yonke into entsha, Noko ke, ngokuboleka impumelelo ye-West, okokuqala zonke ucinga ngento iingenelo kuya eRussia. Kungenxa yoko le nto umsebenzi wakhe aguqulayo ixesha elide wakhonza umzekelo utshintsho ebukumkanini kwezinye amakhosi nje.

Ubudlelwane kwabanye

Xa echaza uhlobo ukumkani silibale ukuba uhlanga obuphezu boyar uPetros 1. Kwicala koomama yena bavela ngabafo hayi kakhulu kakuhle ozelwe Kungenzeka ukuba uzimisele umdla yakhe ukuba asebukhosini, kwaye yemfaneleko ndoda ezweni kunye nobuchule ukukhonza. I koMlawuli akazange aqonde elikwisikhundla isihloko, kunye baphantsi kwabo iitalente ezithile. Oku kubonisa indlela wedemokrasi uPetros I ebantwini, nangona bakhe kuye kwagxininiswa imbala.

iminyaka ephakathi

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nobomi umlawuli wafuna ukubethelela iimpumelelo ezifunyenweyo. Kodwa apha ke ukuba iingxaki ezinkulu yindlalifa. nengxaki Dynastic emva impembelelo embi kakhulu kulawulo kwezopolitiko kwaye kwakhokelela nobunzima kakhulu kweli lizwe. Inyaniso yokuba, unyana ka-uPetros, Tsarevich Alexei waya noyise, angafuni ukuqhubeka iinguqulelo bakhe. Ukongeza, ukumkani iingxaki ezinkulu entsatsheni. Noko ke, wenza qiniseka ukuba kuphumelela wamkela isihloko umbusi, naseRashiya waba umbuso. Uhambise yaphakamisa iwonga ngamazwe lizwe lethu. Ukongeza, uPetros A. iRashiya bawongwa le yokuphuma ukuya kuLwandle eBaltic, nto leyo ibaluleke esingundoqo uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye weenqanawa. Kamva, abalandeli bakhe baqhubeka umgaqo-nkqubo kweli cala. Phantsi uCatherine II, umzekelo, iRashiya zifumana ukuya kuLwandle Black. Umlawuli wabulawa ezivela umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe engazange wenza umyolelo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela yama- ezininzi eziya etroneni, yaye waphinda ubhedu ebhotwe.