Battle of Poltava zishwankathelwe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo

Kulo lonke Northern War kwakungekho idabi ebaluleke ngaphezu Idabi Poltava. Ngokufutshane, yena ekugqibeleni itshintshe phulo. ESweden waba abaphumeleli, kwaye kwafuneka enze umnyinyiva imigudu eRashiya.

Iziganeko ngosuku olwandulela

UPetros waqalisa imfazwe nxamnye Sweden ukuze bafumane zintshula kwi kwiBaltic kunxweme. Xa amaphupha akhe, eRashiya waba ngamandla amakhulu olwandle. It Baltic iye yaba inkundla eyinhloko. Ngowe-1700, umkhosi Russian, nto leyo eye nje iqalile ukuba iinguqu, baphulukana kwemfazwe Narva. UKumkani Karl XII wasebenzisa impumelelo yakhe ukuba athathe omnye umdlali yakhe - Yibone Polish II-Agasti, owaxhasa uPetros ekuqaleni imbambano.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imikhosi eziphambili Swedish baba kude kuse entshonalanga, lo tsar Russian wajika uqoqosho ilizwe lakhe malunga kwisiseko imfazwe. Naye ixesha elifutshane likwazile ukwenza umkhosi entsha. Oku a mihla, wafunda ngendlela umkhosi yaseYurophu sele kuqhutywa imisebenzi ezininzi ngempumelelo kwi aseBalti, kuqukwa Courland kunye kweenxweme Neva. Xa emlonyeni lomlambo, uPetros waseka izibuko kunye capital zinkulu elizayo St. Petersburg.

Ngelo xesha Karl XII ekugqibeleni ndahlukana ukumkani Polish, wamsa ngaphandle emfazweni. Xa engekho, umkhosi Russian anazo iqhekeza enkulu kwintsimi Swedish, kodwa yena akazange ukuba alwe umkhosi iphambili yotshaba. Carl, efuna ukuba atsho ngesibetho esibulalayo elutshabeni, wagqiba kwelokuba aye ngqo eRashiya, apho ukuze bafumane uloyiso isigqibo ungquzulwano elide. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho kwemfazwe Poltava. Ngokufutshane, indawo idabi kusekude ngaphambili kwindawo yangaphambili. UKarl waya ngasezantsi - kwi emathafeni Ukrainian.

Ukunikelwa Mazepa kaThixo

Ngomhla olwandulela kwidabi uPetros wafunda ukuba Hetman Cossacks Ivan Mazepa eyeke ku Charles XII. Wathembisa ukunceda uKumkani Sweden-mali ka amawaka aliqela amahashe baqeqeshwe kakuhle. Ukunikelwa wakhokela ngumsindo ukumkani Russian. Namabutho umkhosi wakhe waqalisa bangqinge aze asithimbe iidolophu Cossack e Ukraine. Nakuba ukungcatshwa Mazepa, le Cossacks wahlala enyanisekile eRashiya. Ezi Cossacks bakhetha hetman elitsha Ivan Skoropadsky.

Kwakufuneka Mazepa uncedo ngokukhawuleza Charles XII. Lo mlawuli kunye nomkhosi wakhe emantla babeye kude kakhulu nommandla wabo. I-butho ukuqhubeka uhambo lwethu ukuya kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga. Cossacks Local wanceda izixhobo kuphela, kodwa inqanawa, kunye nokutya. ngesimo ingahlali yabantu balapha eyabangela uPetros ukuba bashiye ukusetyenziswa iintsalela kwintembeko Cossacks. Okwangoku wasondela Idabi Poltava. Ngokufutshane ukuhlola indawo yabo, Karl XII wagqiba ekubeni iintsuku niwungqingile umzi ebalulekileyo Ukrainian. Ke noko, wayethembe ukuba Poltava ngokukhawuleza uyawunikezela umkhosi wakhe omkhulu, kodwa ayizange yenzeke.

Nasekuxinweni of Poltava

Kuyo entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo ka-1709 aba balwa kwi Poltava, kulilize ukuzama ndiyithabathe yesaqhwithi. Ababhali-mbali zibale 20 ezinjalo amalinge, yabulala amajoni malunga 7000. Ikampu elincinane Russian Wahlala enethemba uncedo yasebukhosini. Sivete ukuthatha okuthile ngqindilili apho balwa babengayilindelanga ngenxa yokuba akukho ingcamango enye abanjalo ikrakra.

Umkhosi engundoqo Russian phantsi umyalelo uPetros emzini ngoJuni 4. Ekuqaleni ukumkani akazange afune "General Battle" nomkhosi uCharles kaThixo. Nangona kunjalo, eli phulo ukuqinisa kunye nyanga nganye kwakunzima kakhulu. Kuphela uloyiso isigqibo akwazi ukunceda Russia ukubethelela zonke ekuthengeni zakho ezibalulekileyo kummandla lweBaltic. Ekugqibeleni, emva eziliqela amabhunga zomkhosi okuyo uPetros zabo bagqiba ngomhla edabini eyaba Idabi Poltava. Elifutshane ngokukhawuleza ukulungiselela oko imprudent kakhulu. Ngoko ke, umkhosi Russian iintsuku eziliqela kwahlanganisana ukusekelwa. Ekugqibeleni wangena Cossacks Skoropadsky. King wayethembe Bibles squad, kodwa yena akazange abe ixesha uye Poltava.

Phakathi Russian kunye nomkhosi Swedish yaba umlambo Vorskla. Ngenxa imozulu ezingazinzanga, uPetros wayalela ukuba bawele umzila kumzantsi Poltava. Esi kushenxa waba isisombululo yimpumelelo - i balwa abazange elungiselelwe ekutshintsheni iziganeko, ukulinda Russian kwindawo eyahlukileyo kakhulu imisebenzi.

UKarl ayesenako babuye umva kwaye sinike kwidabi, nto leyo Idabi Poltava. Inkcazelo emfutshane yomkhosi Russian, abasamkelayo evela defector, wanika Swedish iinjengele nethemba. Ukongeza, ukumkani akazange alinde uncedo umbusi Turkish, lowo wathethayo, ukuba uya kumnika ube squad umncedi. Kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke ezo meko abachaphazelekayo umlinganiswa eliqaqambileyo XII. Bold yaye umlawuli oselula wagqiba ukulwa.

amabutho isimo

June 27, 1709 (Julayi 8 , New Style) wathabatha indawo Idabi Poltava. Ngokufutshane eyona nto ibalulekileyo oyintloko sicwangciso kunye nobukhulu imikhosi yazo. Carl abangama-26 amawaka amadoda, xa uPetros waba noludumileyo lwamanani (37 amawaka). Ukumkani wayenza ngokusebenzisa nokusebenzisa yonke imikhosi karhulumente. uqoqosho eRashiya nje kwiminyaka embalwa lifikile indlela ende ukusuka uqoqosho kwezolimo ukuya kwimveliso mveliso yale mihla (ngexesha). sekhe Lahlani zonke, imipu angaphandle ethengiweyo, amajoni baqalisa ukufumana uqeqesho emkhosini imodeli yaseYurophu.

Okumangalisayo kukuba ngookumkani ngokwabo ngqo ezimbini edabini umthetho ngokwemikhosi yabo. Xa xesha banamhlanje, lo msebenzi yadluliselwa iinjengele, kodwa uPetros noCarl ngaphandle.

Ikhosi ye edabini

Le mpi yaqala nesibakala sokuba Vanguard Swedish balungiselele ngayo uhlaselo yokuqala redoubts Russian. Esi kushenxa kwaba impazamo qhinga. Ezishelfini, wakhangela phezulu evela ezikhaphayo wakhe, boyiswa owamahashe, owawukhokelwa Alexander Menshikov.

Emva kwale fiasco edabini ukuthatha umkhosi omkhulu. a iiyure longquzulwano efanayo elihamba ezimbalwa ayikwazanga angamisela ophumeleleyo. Uhlaselo izigqibo yaba amahashe siqinisekile Russian kwi nelisemihlubulweni. Wayigqobhoza utshaba nomkhosi waza wanceda ukubeka ukulicudisa phezu regiments Swedish embindini.

iziphumo

ukubaluleka esikhulu Poltava Battle (ngokufutshane ukuchaza ukuba kakhulu kunzima) walala yokuba emva kwakhe ekugqibeleni Sweden baphulukana inyathelo qhinga eMntla War. Zonke iphulo olunye (ungquzulwano lweminyaka 12) yabalasela noludumileyo Russian emkhosini.

Kubalulekile yaba isiphumo yokuziphatha Idabi Poltava, ngokufutshane ichaza singobani itrayi. Iindaba ngokoyiswa umkhosi eliGorha kude Swedish kwakhokelela yothuse, eSweden nje kuphela, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, apho Russia ekugqibeleni sungule ku kambisisa njenge umkhosi omkhulu wamajoni.