Utyando lweeyile: inkcazo, iimpawu, iintlobo, ukulima kunye neengcebiso

Igama lesiTshayina iTaa sinensis lichongiwe ngesandla sokukhanya sososayensi waseSweden uKarl Linnaeus, kwaye ngokubulela kuye, baseYurophu bayabiza nje esi siziselo esisimangalisa. Ngo-1758, banikezwa igama lesityalo ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi wobulumko waseGrisi. Kwaye namhlanje isiphuzo esenziwe ngamaqabunga aqokelelwe kwi-bush bush eyaziwayo. Abantu abanandipha kakhulu, bafumana ukuthokoza, ukuphuphuma komoya nokucaca kwengqondo.

Itiye yaseTshayina: inkcazelo, iipropati

Ihlathi laseTshayina liyi- shrub eluhlaza rhoqo yentsapho yeeyi (e-Asia). Amagqabi alo asetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni isiphuzo sotoni, esiye saxhaphaka kakhulu kwihlabathi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

Amagqabi ehlathi le-tea ayaxhomekeke kwii-pesenti ze-caffeine, kwaye oku kubangele kabini kwiikhofi zekhofi. Ukongeza kwiqabunga (baihovogo), livelise itiye eluncibilikiweyo nelixubileyo. Abakhiqizi bayo abahamba phambili yiIndiya, iKenya, iSri Lanka kunye neChina.

I-wild tea bush ifikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kwi-9 mitha, kodwa iyalinywa ngendlela yezihlahla ezitshalayo ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-1.5 m, ukuxhamla kakhulu kunye nokuthwala amaqabunga amaninzi e-elliptical okanye i-lanceolate. Zinebukhulu obude ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-13 cm. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe zehlathi zivelisa iphunga elimnandi. Amagqabi anokuqukethe amavithamini amaninzi (amaxesha amane ngaphezu kwemon), i-cafeine, i-tannin.

Imithetho kunye neengxelo zembali

Ngokomnye weengcamango, owokuqala ukuqala itiye wayenguMlawuli waseTshayina owayexabisa iphunga elimnandi eliqingqiweyo lamaqabunga e-tea bush, wangena ngengozi ebhodweni lakhe ngamanzi abilayo kwisibonda. Emva koko, i-fragrance ephawulekayo yandile. I-bush bush yayingumnikazi wale magqabi.

Kwidala elidala laseJapane kuthiwa amaqabunga awa phantsi aphenduka amaqabunga etiyi, umnini wawo owayeyindoda. Wayengakwazi ukulala kwaye ke wagcina amehlo akhe evulekile lonke ixesha.

EYurophu, ngokokuqala ngqa, itiye laseDutch laziswa ngabantu baseDutch ngo-1610, kwaye eNgilandi itiye yawa ngo-1664. I-London sele isacatshangwa njengenhloko yetiya yehlabathi. Umyinge waseBrithani watyala ngeekomityi zesi-5 zesi siselo sotoni ngosuku. Ngokuqala eMelika, wabonakala eBoston ngo-1714.

Ukukhula itiye kwaqala eChina kumaxesha amandulo. IJapan yenza oku ku-Middle Ages, kwaye yaqala ukuhlalwa eCeylon naseIndiya (1870). Ukususela ngo-1880, itiye ikhule ngokuphumelelayo eMelika (eNorth Carolina naseTexas), kodwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi, le nkcubeko apho yayingaqhelekanga. Ukuhlakulela kakhulu itiye ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwiindawo ezininzi zaseChina, eJapan, eIndiya, eTaiwan, eCeylon naseSumatra. Emva koko iintlobo zeeyi zaqala ukuvela kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini.

Iimeko zokukhula

Itiye ekhulile emasimini kunye nakwiindawo ezinqabileyo. Izilwanyana zivame ukwenza, ukusika izihlahla, ungathinti kuphela iimboniselo zembewu. EMpuma, ihlathi leqanda likhula kakuhle kwizinga leemvula zonyaka ukusuka malunga nama-2500 ukuya kuma-5100 mm. Esi sityalo sithanda isimo sezulu eshushu kunye neqondo lokushisa lomoya elingu-10-32 ° Celsius kunye neengongoma eziphakathi kwezinga elwandle. Eyona nto ingcono kuba yinto enomsoco.

Ukongeza kwinqanaba elincinci lonyaka kunyaka kahlobo, unyaka wesithathu uvame ukuwenzela ukukhanya okulukhuni, kunye neyeshumi elinzima (phantse kumgangatho wehlabathi). Inxalenye eseleyo ehlathini inika amahlumela, eyenza isityalo esinomsila kunye nemigangatho emininzi. Ngenxa yoko, zonke iintsuku ezingama-40 isiqhamo esihle sisuswe kuso. Umdala oneminyaka eyi-25-50 ubudala uhlala e-tea bush.

I-tea ingaba neendidi eziliqela. Kwimvelo, ingaba ngumthi ophantsi. Ezinye iifesi zeeyi zingaphila kwiminyaka eyi-100. Ephakathi kwehlobo (ngoJulayi) amaqabunga avela kufuphi ne-tea bush, kwaye iintyatyambo ziyaqhakaza ngoSeptemba. Imifuno iyaqhubeka ixesha elide, phantse kulo lonke ikwindla, emva koko iibhokisi zenziwe, apho imbewu ekhulileyo inemibala ebomvu.

Ukususela ehlathini amaqabunga amancinci kunye namancinci aqokelelwa ukwenza itiye. Lawa maqabunga amathathu okuqala kunye neentso eziphezulu, ezibizwa ngeemfusa. Ezi zilandelayo zicutshungulwa, emva koko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeti zifunyenwe , kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusebenza kwazo.

I-bush bush ekhaya

Ekhaya, esi sityalo asiqhelwanga kakhulu, nangona sineenzuzo ezininzi: ixesha elide liqhakaza ngeentyantyambo ezimhlophe ezinqabileyo (ezinyangeni eziliqela), ukungathobeki, ubomi obude.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu - i-bush bush ayiyona into enhle neyayimvelaphi, isenza kwaye izuze amaqabunga ayo. Isiphuzo sokuphuza isiphumo siphucula umoya kwaye sinika amandla namandla. I-bush bush ikhula ekhaya kulula kakhulu. Khawucinge nje ngeemeko zokukhula kwawo kwendalo kwaye uhambelane nazo.

Izindlela ezikhethekileyo zokutya itiye

Ekuqaleni, amaqabunga eti ayetyenziswe njengemifuno yokuhlwayela, kwaye eBurma kusehlanjululwa. I-tea egxininiswe ngesitena okanye itayiloni eMongolia, emva kokuqhuma emanzini, idliwa ngebhotela ecocekileyo okanye ngebhanki eneglasi kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa ("ikhasi").

Abanye abantu basela itiye ngetyuwa. EJapan naseChina kukho imikhosi yenkolo yeti: iiTaoist ziyisebenzisela njengesiqhelo sokungafi, kwaye amaBuddha ayayisela ngexesha lokucamngca. AmaJapan akongeza iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ze-jasmine ngelixa ephuza itiye, uThais uhlafuna iqabunga, kwaye emazweni ase-Arabhu atywala itiye, ephulwa nge-mint.

Ukugqithiswa kokuveliswa kweeyile akupheli, i-cafeine isuswa kubo, esetyenziswe kwiyeza njengento ekhuthazayo kwaye yongezwa kwiziyobisi ezingekho iziyobisi. Esinye seziphuzo ezithandwa kakhulu yi teyi ngeqhwa. Isiselo esinxilisayo sisoloko sidakwa eMelika.

Iintlobo zeengqayi zeeyi: ukuxhomekeka ekuvuneni nasekusebenziseni

Imveliso yokuqala yokuthengisa ("iindwangu") iqokelelwa ngomnyaka wesihlanu. Ngamanye amaxesha amaqabunga amathathu no-4 aqokelelwa ukusuka phezulu, ukuba ayenziwayo kwaye athambile.

Ukuvelisa umkhiqizo omnyama (owenziwe kakuhle), okokuqala amaqabunga e-tea bush emashelufini aphihliwe, ngaloo ndlela aqinisekisa ukuxhamla kwabo okubuthakathaka, emva koko aphihliwe, abhubhise iindonga zeseli (i-oxidation iyaqhubeka). Kula ndelayo, amaqabunga atshiswa kwiibhasiki ezikhethekileyo phezu komlilo oshisayo okanye kumashishini athile. Ukuba ukuvunywa kungagcwaliswa ngokupheleleyo, ngoko kuxhomekeke kububanzi balo, kuqala ufumane itiye eluhlaza okanye ebomvu. Xa amaqabunga ahamba phambili ekuthintela ukuvuthwa, i-tea eluhlaza iyafumaneka.

Ibanga eliphezulu leti elimnyama libizwa ngokuba yi-pekoe, eliguqulela kwisiTshayina ngokuthi "inwele ezimhlophe". Ngale ndlela, incinci incinci (ihlanganiswe ne-downy) iifom ze-bush bush zikhethwe.

Isiphelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngowe-1817 eRashiya yahlwayelwa i-tea yokuqala yasebusini (igadi yase-Nikitsky yaseBrimea ). Ngelo xesha, isiselo saseRussia sasithandwa kakhulu. Kwaye kwaqala ukukhula eGeorgia, kwaye kwimimandla yeSochi yabonakala ukususela ngo-1900.

I-Azerbaijan yavela kwakhona ekuqaleni kwe-XX leminyaka. Ngexesha leSoviet, malunga nehektha ezili-100 000 kwintsimi yayihlala kwiindawo zeeyi, kwaye iimveliso ezicutshungulwayo zenziwa kwiiyure ezingama-60 000 ngonyaka.