Unyango lomhlaza ekujoliswe kuzo. iziyobisi therapy ekujoliswe

Cancer - sisifo zingachaphazela nabani na. Kodwa! Musa ukoyika nikuyeke, kuba iyeza na ukuma. ezintsha kunye nobuxhakaxhaka izifo mayibonakale yonke imihla, kunye nonyango lwezifo oncological ibanjelwe kumgangatho ophucukileyo.

Le mbono "umhlaza"

Umhlaza - inkqubo apho iiseli zomzimba kukhula bayahlule engalawulekiyo, zihluma zibe izicwili ezisecaleni kunye amalungu ukunika Ukudlulela. Ngemvelaphi lomhlaza okwangoku akukho cacisa ngokupheleleyo. mandundu zezi: nefuthe carcinogens, ukutshaya, qhagamshelana enombhalo izinto eziyingozi, izifo ezondeleyo ezisicaphukisayo isakhiwo iiseli ezinempilo, imfuza, ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala, ukuphazamiseka ngokwemigaqo ngumzimba, ukonakala yamathumba ebubonisayo. Ubhubhisa umhlaza ichemotherapy, angiogeneznaya, unyango ekujoliswe, kunye nemitha. Oku kuphela yinxalenye ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa xa unyango izigulane iindlela.

Ifom kunye nesigaba umhlaza

Morphologically, iintlobo zomhlaza zilandelayo:

- medullary-isilonda okanye isosara-ezifana imilo;
- scirrhoma;
- papillary carcinoma;
- ifomu infiltrative-sisilonda;
- Umhlaza mushroom;
- umhlaza Easy.

Ukuhlelwa International umahluko phakathi:

- adenocarcinoma;
- carcinomas cell carcinoma;
- carcinoma undifferentiated;
- glandular cell carcinomas carcinoma;
- umhlaza ungraded.

Kukho kwakhona ukuhlelwa ngokumalunga nangezilonda ngomasipala. Ukusuka kwizigaba zixhomekeke unyango lomhlaza:

- Isigaba 1 - nethumba ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2 cm ububanzi, hayi kukhule ngaphaya umda Ukudlulela uxakaxa kwaye uthintele.
- Inqanaba 2 - Ubukhulu Ithumba iisentimitha-4 ukuya ku-6, sinako ukukhula kulo submucosa okanye umaleko dystrophy, kusenokubakho metastases eyodwa.
- Inqanaba 3 - ithumba sitsala sele layers zeethishu podserozny okanye serosal, ikhula amalungu akufutshane. Kukho metastases ezininzi kwiindawo nkovu. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo iingxaki.
- Inyathelo 4 - ithumba lifikelela ubungakanani enomtsalane kwaye uvelisa metastases, kakhulu qelele.

Lo mfanekiso zonyango kunye isikhalazo main

Ukuba sicinga umfanekiso lwezonyango, kuba zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Konke kuxhomekeke organ abachaphazelekayo, yeqonga, inqanaba, impilo jikelele yomguli, kwakunye nomgangatho lability kunyango. Ukwahlula ngamaxesha ezifana nesifo kunye neempawu ezinxulumene kubo:

1. Ixesha Early okanye sokuqala. Izigulane ezikhala yobuthathaka, ukungabi namdla, ngokukhawuleza umzimba. Xa Ithumba yenzelwe kwemiphunga: owomileyo ukukhohlela non-onemveliso, ukuphelelwa umoya, iintlungu esifubeni, landa ukubila. Ukuba ingxaki enxulumene isisu: ukugabha, regurgitation, ezinganyangekiyo isisu ukopha. Esichatshazelwa kidney unika igazi umchamo, iimpawu kwabantu amakheswa kunye ucinezelo amalungu ezikufutshane.
2. Ixesha iimpawu ezicacileyo kwezonyango sifo. Kuxhotyiwe zonke iimpawu, eziya zisiba imeko jikelele malunga nesigulane eso. Ngaba uqale inkqubo Ukudlulela.
3. period End. Kakhulu kakhulu kwaye kube nzima ukuba isigulane. Kukho isakhiwo ukubola umhlaza kwicala elinye amatsha okuhluma kwawo esebenzayo ibe amalungu abakufuphi enye. Ngamana ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ubovu kunye ukopha enkulu. Kuchaphazela imizwa, kukho ilahleko komsebenzi othile komzimba.

Diagnosis and isifo

Uxilongo kunye nonyango somhlaza ngexesha bethu kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Unesifo somhlaza, olusekelwe phezu kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
- ukuqokelelwa imbali data;
- umfanekiso bezonyango sifo;
- Uxilongo;
- iziphumo zeemvavanyo elebhu.

badla ukuyisebenzisa X-ray indlela diagnostic. A indlela ethandwayo usebenzisa biopsy endoscopic. Kuba Iingcali isifo ezi echography kunye CT scan. Uvavanyo kwakhona isetyenziswe kunye nolawulo kwezinto radioactive. Ingakumbi amatyala ezintsonkothileyo impikiswano amnyanzela ukuba athwale ngaphandle a laparotomy diagnostic.

Iindlela zonyango kunye nokusebenza kwabo

Unyango Umhlaza zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana uhlobo ithumba, indawo yayo, imeko jikelele isigulana, ubukho okanye ukungabikho iingxaki. Eyona ndlela ziqhelekileyo kwaye olusebenzayo unyango luthathwa ngokuba yotyando. It ikuvumela ukuba ukususa yonke nabaphathi ye iiseli ithumba, ukuba indawo yayo likuvumela ukuba wenze oku. Akayisa kuphela ithumba kodwa esikule ezingqongileyo. Ngale ndlela unyango esidityaniswe enye ingqiqo - care lokudambisa. Xa enyanisweni isigulane ayikwazi ancedwe ukululama ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubungakanani thumba nokunciphisa amanqaku iintlungu.

Indawo yesibini kwi ezithandwayo kunye nokusebenza - radiotherapy. Olu nyango, elonakalisileyo sisenzo imitha isakhiwo ngumhlaza. Ukongeza, kukho inani yamathumba, ibe ikwayise iso ngokukodwa kule hlobo lonyango. Umzekelo, liposarcoma kunye metastases yayo. therapy Imitha isetyenziswa ne ichemotherapy kunye notyando. Lidla ngokusetyenziswa emva kotyando kuphela ukususa metastases kunokwenzeka.

chemotherapy

unyango Umhlaza ngamayeza - zombini yodwa xa idityaniswe nezinye iindlela - Kukwaqhelekile kakhulu. Chemotherapy kunye ityhefu ethile kungaba yingozi iiseli umhlaza, lukhuthaza intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo. Ukwahlula cytotoxic (iseli lokubulala) kunye cytotoxic (ukuyeka ukukhula kwayo) ichemotherapy. Common ukusebenzisa ngaphezu kwesinye uhlobo iziyobisi oncological, lidibanise nabo i "iziselo zempilo" ezithile. Oku kwandisa amathuba okuba i-arhente lomhlaza ukusibulala ngempumelelo. Amachiza ufakwe yegazi, kuyanqaba ukuba usebenzise ifomu tablet. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, iimveliso zilawulwa intrathecal ichemotherapy indlela (ukuya kulwelo spinal) okanye ngqo phantsi kwesikhumba. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimeko ngamnye zesi sifo.

amacala ezilungileyo nezingalunganga nechemotherapy

Izigulane ezininzi boyika iinkqubo ngokuba "chemotherapy". Ukuphonononga zibonisa ukuba oku ngenxa yenani elikhulu iingxaki kunye nezigulo ezivele ngexesha lonyango.

Ngenxa yokuba iiseli ezinempilo ubunzima phantse kuwo wonke umzimba, izigulane bajongene nemingeni:

- ukuwa kweenwele;
- ukutshintsha isimo igazi;
- iingxaki isisu;
- inwebu;
- isicaphucaphu;
- Ukuphalaza;
- ukuhlupheka umsebenzi kwesibindi, kunyanzeleke ukuqhuba zonke ubuthi komphutha weekhemikhali;
- iphethini efanayo lwenzeka kunye nezintso;
- kakhulu kunciphise okukwazi njalo njalo.

Qaphela icala ezintle nkqubo ezifana ichemotherapy. Iimpendulo zabo izigulane abaye baphathwa nale ndlela, yenza kucace ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba banyamezele ezingalunganga ukulungiselela kwakhona. Gqibezela unyango okanye ukuncitshiswa ebalulekileyo ithumba - ezi iziphumo ezinokuba kwaneliswa.

unyango lomhlaza ekujoliswe: njengenyathelo zempilo

Kutshanje, indlela entsha unyango yamathumba ngumhlaza. Le therapy ekujoliswe. Le uphuhliso yakutshanje ekhethekileyo, eyenzelwe ukuba alwe umhlaza. Umahluko uphawu phakathi amayeza ekujoliswe phezu kwezinye iintlobo eziphambili unyango ilele ngonqabiseko yayo epheleleyo ngokunxulumene kwiiseli sempilweni komzimba. Ukongeza, le unyango ubonelela ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu weeseli eziyingozi. Ngenxa isifundo elide kunye nokuqonda iinkqubo ze ukusekwa kunye nokusebenza yamathumba umhlaza ukuphuhlisa iziyobisi ezichaphazela ngokukodwa amaziko ukukhula cell. Kwakhona, uthomalaliso ekujoliswe - yinto uhlobo ezimeleyo unyango, yaye amanye amanyathelo zempilo.

Ngelishwa, indlela ezintsha ezifana ukulwa nomhlaza athile okwakwenzekile izigulane. Nangona ayisebenzi kumgaqo nechemotherapy yamandulo, ezi izinto nazo kuthwalwa umthombo wegazi ngomzimba. Kwelinye icala, oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ngempumelelo zokujongana metastases ezikude. Kwelinye - ukufumaneka awusafuni kwindawo efanelekileyo. Amaninzi olu hlobo amachiza tableted ukuvumela isigulane ukuba ahlale ekhaya aze aqhubeke kunyango ngempumelelo. Cinga ifuthe yonyango ekujoliswe kwimeko ezithile iintlobo zomhlaza.

Oko, esebenzisa izinto ahlulwa umhlaza

Xa siqwalasela undoqo umhlaza, apha unobangela ke olusetyenziswayo VHL sofuzo. izinto ngokuguqula imizila ukwanda secretion ye kwiproteni, ekhuthaza ukukhula iiseli ngumhlaza. Amalungiselelo kufuneka ukuvala ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi nethumba. Ithandwa kakhulu kwaye esetyenziswa imixube langoku, "Votrient", "Nexavar" ( "Sorafenib"), "Sutent", "Bevacizumab" ( "Avastin") "Everolimus" ( "Afinitor"), "Aksinitib" ( "Inlita "). Bona usetyenziswa zigaba yokugqibela unyango. Ngelishwa, ukuze zilungele ukubonakala ezifana nesenzeko ephambene lwegazi, isifo sorhudo okanye ukwandisa uvakalelo kweqondo. Makhe sihlolisise iziyobisi iinkcukacha ngakumbi unyango ekujoliswe kuzo.

• Drug "Sorafenib" ( "Nexavar") - ngempumelelo ukucola ukukhula conglomerates zomhlaza. Iibhloko angiogenesis kunye nemisebenzi zokurisayikilishwa iimolekyuli ukukhula. Oveliswa ngokohlobo amacwecwe. Mhlawumbi nazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: irhashalala, urhudo, lwegazi, nokudumba nokudinwa.
• Lithetha "Bevacizumab" ( "Avastin") - kukho zifakwa yegazi. kunamandla ekwaziyo ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi oda entsha. edibene amaninzi ne interferon-alpha. Oku kwandisa komgangatho wenkathalelo. Kuyinto zivunwe kakuhle zizigulane, hypertension okuncinci kunye egazi.
• Drug "Everolimus" ( "Afinitor") - iyaphumelela evalela i mTOR protein. is he taken kanye ngemini azipilisi. Isetyenziswa ukulwa umhlaza kwi zigaba ezininzi kakhulu unyango. Ngelishwa, oluninzi yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Drug "Temsirolimus" ( "Torisel") - isigulana ifumana nge inaliti efakwa. Kuyinto efanayo ukusebenza kwayo kunye neengxaki kunye neendlela zangaphambili.
• Drug "Sunitinib" ( "Sutent") - ngempumelelo iibhloko umsebenzi kinases ezithile tyrosine. Ngaphantsi iphawulwe ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kodwa impatho entle ungaphantsi kancinane xa usebenzisa nezinye iziyobisi.

izimvo ezakhayo

therapy ekujoliswe ukusetyenziswa kwala machiza sele wazuza abantu abaninzi ngumhlaza. I-ncomo kakhulu ezintle. Izigulane bathi ukucuthwa iimpawu kwaqondakala ngoko nangoko. Uzive ngcono, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ukuba ngenkankulu ukhathazwa lonke ixesha imithi. Abaninzi kugxininisa indlela yonyango ukude esibhedlele - kube lula yaye lula emzimbeni nasengqondweni ukuba isigulane ukuba anyamezele ebunzimeni isifo ekhaya kunokuba kwiwadi esibhedlele. Ekubeni inkoliso iziyobisi ziyafumaneka azipilisi, Kuyaqapheleka zizigulane nje lula. Abantu abaninzi bayakuvuyela ukuphepha ithuba intlungu kuhlolwe.

unyango ekujoliswe nomhlaza kwezintso

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, iprofayili isifo somhlaza ezichaphazela inkqubo genitourinary, inokufumaneka zonke wesine. Cancer - isifo kakhulu kunene, silwe, balwa umzimba womntu. Iphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye nefuthe umzimba uya kuvakalelwa ukusuka kwiinyanga zokuqala zesi sifo. unyango lomhlaza kwezi zigulane lwenziwa phantsi kweliso somdlavuza, womchamo. Kukho umfanekiso wendlela esi sifo: igazi umchamo, iziko kwekhono, ubuhlungu kunye neentlungu nezintso. Izigulane ezininzi namhlanje ziye zanceda eziyobisi unyango ekujoliswe. Ukuze siqonde iziphumo zonyango zingaba nempumelelo, kufuneka uqonde indlela ezi mali.

Umgaqo: ukukhula ithumba kuxhomekeke kwimali sondlo kunye nokufumaneka oksijini. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa ukuba umhlaza kidney achaphazelekayo. Iziyobisi amayeza ekujoliswe bafune kuphela iiseli umhlaza baze baluphumeze iindlela ngemolekyula yi apho izabelo "okubi" iiseli, ziyibuyisela ukukhula ithumba asitshabalalise. therapy ekujoliswe kuyo umhlaza sezintso na iingenelo zilandelayo:

- akukho mfuneko hospitalize isigulana;
- amalungiselelo zingasetyenziswa yonyango abadala;
- iyeza eyeka division iseli kunye nokukhula nethumba;
- ngokubonakala iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nje ngokwaneleyo ukuze kucutheke isixa iziyobisi ziphele.

Therapy for Cancer Lung

Omnye umba obalulekileyo kwihlabathi Oncology zasekhaya likhuthaza umhlaza wemiphunga. iikhemikhali eziyingozi kumashishini, ukutshaya, carcinogens kwaye igalelo ukusasazeka ebanzi iiseli zomhlaza ukuba izifo ezingapheliyo kubume lung kwithishyu.

unyango ekujoliswe umhlaza wemiphunga na unyango esisiseko kwaye ethandwa. Iziyobisi ukuba nefuthe ngempumelelo kwi umhlaza wemiphunga, - inhibitors ze kinases EGFR tyrosine, oko kukuthi, lithetha "Erlotinib" yaye "Gefitinib." Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya ezi mbewu yesifo monoclonal nxamnye EGFR - «Tseruksimab 'iziyobisi' Panitumumab". Ubuncinane diskomfotra kunye nefuthe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - oko kukuthi ngumongo iphambili ukubuyekeza unyango.

umhlaza isisu

umhlaza esiswini libhekisa kwezifo kunye izifundo ntle kakhulu nesiphumo. Esi sifo sidla sanda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Intlungu amava nomonde elininzi ngokuphazamiseka.

Iya isanda, iingcali zethu bendawo baqala ukuguqula le ndlela unyango nomhlaza isisu therapy ekujoliswe. Siyobisi ophumelelayo kuchazwe lithetha "Imatinib" ( "Glivec") isetyenziselwa conglomerates ithumba iphecana zesisu. Kwakhona iquka ukulungiswa "Rituximab", nesebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye umhlaza esiswini, yaye kwimeko apho lymphoma non-Hodgkin kaThixo. Kwakhona iziyobisi "Herceptin", leyo enefuthe umhlaza webele.

unyango lomhlaza ekujoliswe - a ezintsha ekhethekileyo. Oku elinye ithuba lokuba uluntu ukuwina kubonakala ngalo mzuzu isigwebo sokufa - umhlaza.