Unusual kwizimanga zendalo - permafrost

amanzi basekhaya zezona Ukhuliso hayi kuphela engamanzi kodwa ukufuma esiqinileyo. amanzi anomkhenkce anyibilike yakha intaba, cover kunye ezihambayo komhlaba. Ummandla ice olwenzeka phantsi komhlaba ogama permafrost 1955 Shvetsov - permafrost eSoviet. Le ndawo unalo igama eliqhelekileyo - le permafrost.

Permafrost yi umaleko eliphezulu uthinte. Ezingxondorheni kweli nqanaba zahlukile amaqondo aphantsi. Lo maleko yayiquka permafrost, amatye, kunye iqabaka-imimango kakhulu komhlaba.

Xa kukugubungela ubusika elide kakhulu kwi incinane umthamo kukho ilahleko enkulu nobushushu eliweni. Kulo mba, kukho neGauteng ubunzulu eninzi. Isiphumo ubunzima esiluqilima amanzi. Ehlotyeni, permafrost akanayo ixesha Sukugcina ngokupheleleyo. Umhlaba ugcina lobushushu kakubi, ngaloo ndlela kubunzulu obukhulu, yaye ngamakhulu amawaka eminyaka. permafrost Russian wabumba phantsi kwempembelelo olongezelelweyo zigcine ngengqele. Bandisa kwiindawo ezisezantsi avareji lobushushu.

Kangangexesha elide kwiqondo lobushushu sityhafile rocks ngandlel 'ithile "yomelezwe" ngamanzi. Permafrost iquka awo ice komhlaba ukufuma bokwakha noxolelwano, lenses, wachuba iindawo, bands omkhenkce. Permafrost inokuba liqulathe izixa ezahlukeneyo ngumkhenkce. Isalathisi "iciness" ekungabonini ukusuka 1-3 ukuya kwi-90%. Ngenxa umthetho, kukho womkhenkce kwiindawo entabeni. Ngelo xesha linye permafrost emathafeni uye umxholo high ngumkhenkce.

Permafrost kuba isenzeko ekhethekileyo. Permafrost abahloli abanomdla ngenkulungwane ye-17. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 ngalo isenzeko ekhankanywe imisebenzi yakhe Tatishchev, kwaye isifundo sokuqala olwenziwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 Middendorf. lobushushu ukhuko yokugqibela baqonda kulinganiswa kwiziza eziliqela, wazibeka kwiindawo ezisemantla yamandla ayo, yaye ucingela malunga imvelaphi kunye imiba zone permafrost ngokwaneleyo ngokubanzi. Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 yama-20 waqalisa kwenziwa uphando olunzulu ngokudibene imisebenzi wokuhlola lweenjineli imigodi kunye komhlaba.

ERashiya, permafrost kwandiswa ukuya kummandla malunga elinanye yezigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Oku malunga amathandathu anesihlanu ekhulwini yonke indawo karhulumente.

Permafrost ukhawulelwe ukusuka ezantsi ukuya Kola Peninsula. Ukususela umbindi isebenza khona nge i-East European Plain kufuphi ezibandayo. Ngoko, kwi Urals na unxaxho ukuya ngasemzantsi izidanga phantse ukuya amathandathu yobubanzi ngasentla. Kunye OB permafrost kudlulela emlonyeni North Sosva ngoko udlula emile zaseSiberia (amathambeka ekumazantsi) ukuba Yenissey e Stony Tunguska. Kweli nqanaba umda ujika ncam kabukhali ukuya emzantsi, ihlala ecaleni Yenisei River, ilandelwe yi kwamaxandeka zeAltai, yaseTuva, i-Western Sayan ukuya kumda Kazakhstan.