Ubuxoki - yintoni na le nto? Imvelaphi kunye nemizekelo yeentsomi bamandulo mihla

Ubuxoki - isiko gqwa ukuvela kwi kuluntu pre-nokubhala. Zisixelela ntoni okhokho yobomi, nezenzo heroes, nezenzo izithixo nemimoya. Kanye lengcinga ntsomi livela isiGrike sisuka kwigama elithi "Mytos", gama elo elithetha "legend."

Sisihlandlo sokuqala zeemposiso

Le yingqokelela yamabali kwizithethe lwesithethe ezifunyenwe ngomlomo ukuthetha, enye yeendlela ezithile ukuze nokuqulunqa ulwazi malunga leyinene ezingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, ibali malunga nohlobo ngemvelaphi iphela kunye nendoda ngokulalwa yiyo iqela lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo: zonqulo, kweyabo bulumko, ngokwembali, ngokwenzululwazi.

Lweempawu ezizodwa zeemposiso iquka indlela olithandayo ekuqulunqweni amabali, isimntwiso ngezimanga zendalo, zoomorphism.

Ukuvela iimbono malunga isiseko supersensible ngeenxa ngexesha ingenzeka ngcwaba yokuqala. Ngenxa amangcwaba amandulo zafumana iintlobo ezininzi eziziziqalelo art.

Imvelaphi zeemposiso

Kwi-Upper Paleolithic kukho ukusekwa ngcembe kwamanani syncretic: intsomi - umfanekiso - izithethe. Ukugcina le isakhiwo kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu ubonisa yokusebenza kwalo. Oku kubonisa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kunye nengqiqo kunye engundoqo kwinkcubeko ngqiqweni.

imifanekiso Paleolithic kwaye ziintsomi, kunye nendalo lwabo - amasiko. "Uphawu" yaye "signifier" kwi zeemposiso zomntu eyayingekaphuhli olwalukho ubunye ngokupheleleyo.

Ingcamango alinazo

Kukho utoliko ezahlukahlukeneyo 'intsomi' Umba zenzululwazi emininzi. Ngeentsingiselo zamagama kule meko uqulunqe ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela phambi kukho ezininzi iinkcazelo kwentamo kunye ziphikisana. Phakathi kwabo ukutolika ozinikiweyo kwi izichazi Encyclopedic, amagama iintsomi kwamnandi bali imvelaphi yesizwe.

Kwakhona, kukho iinguqulelo maxesha eziku, echaza ukuba intsomi - oko ukuqonda syncretic yehlabathi, wavakalisa personifications yovakalelo-ngqo kwaye vusa abantu, ababonakala kunye leyinene. iimbono zeentanda malunga nentsingiselo yalo ingqiqo Ndiyaqhubekeka ukuqonda ntsomi njengoko scheme lwengcingane yehlabathi, ebavulela echaza ulandelelwano ezithile lweentshukumo.

Ntoni le ntsomi gama? Lo mbuzo kuphendulwa synthesizing ingqiqo-amacandelo ezivela iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke unako ukuqulunqa inkcazo epheleleyo kunye ngqo kolu luvo: iintsomi zithathwa iitekisi kunye imifanekiso ukubonisa vangama syncretic leyinene kwi neminyaka ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso loluntu. inkcubeko nganye anazo ukuziqambela, leyi kandziyisaka iinkalo ezininzi kwinkampani ethile.

Le typology zeemposiso

Ikharityhulamu iquka iintsomi ngokulula ingabizwa antique namanye amabali ubudala, nengcindezelo. Zisixelela ntoni ezi ziganeko enxulumene kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi, ngokwenza izenzo (ubukhulu becala isiGrike yamandulo oothixo baseRoma namaqhawe).

Abaphandi intsomi zembali qaphela ukuba kukho imisebenzi emininzi beentlanga ezahlukeneyo, imixholo ezininzi ezingundoqo mibala ziphindwa. Yiloo nto ke imvelaphi yeentsomi zonke egqiba umxholo zabo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye kudidi kakhulu kwaye izindaba ezimnandi izilwanyana. Le yokuqala aba, kuphela obonisa ukuchaza iimpawu zezilo. Yaye iintsomi zamandulo Australian, umzekelo, ukwanda ingcamango imvelaphi izilwanyana ebantwini. Kodwa ezinye izizwe zehlabathi, nangona akunjalo ngokucacileyo, alaqhenqetha namabali wentsomi umbono wabo ukuba umntu wakha sisilwanyana. Imizekelo yeentsomi ezinjalo: ilivo yamandulo yamaGrike malunga intombazana, lo Uphunguphungu uDaphne, ka hyacinths, daffodils kunye nabanye.

Imvelaphi imizimba yasezulwini kwakhona rhoqo ngabangcwalisiweyo iintsomi. Xa ekuthiwa-solar, lunarnyh kunye namabali astral ilanga, inyanga kunye neenkwenkwezi babedla zimelwe abantu ababekade waphila emhlabeni, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ngoko wenyukela ezulwini. Enjalo intsomi - oko basungula abantu okunye nokusekwa iphela. Enye eyodwa - inkqubo yokuyila kweLanga phi kwemvelo. Kulo mzekelo, kungekhona umzimba osemazulwini spiritualized.

Indawo esembindini wokuhlangana zeemposiso yamazwe amaninzi ekumi kuyo imveliso, ezichaza kokusekwa kwehlabathi kunye iphela, kunye nendoda. Kungenjalo, zibizwa cosmogony kunye anthropogonic ngokulandelelanayo. abantu ngamasiko umva kancinane etha kwezi zihloko. Ngokukodwa, kuphela ngokufutshane Aussies ukhankanya phambi phezu komhlaba lowo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa imibuzo malunga ngembonakalo yakhe akazange sadlala.

Polynesia, North American Indians, abantu bamandulo East kunye neenkqubo Mediterranean cosmogonical ingqalelo evela neembono ezimbini. Omnye wabo zisekelwe kwingcamango yendalo (zokoqobo), kunye nezinye - kwingcamango yophuhliso (zazivelela). Ngokutsho ingcamango chithi zehlabathi wadala uthixo umdali, usiyazi lowo okanye omnye ukuba angaphezu kwendalo. In zeemposiso yakhelwe ingcamango yendaleko, ihlabathi ngcembe kuphuhliswa aphume khona kwakudala. Kusenokuba isiphithiphithi, ubumnyama, ebumnyameni, njalo njalo

Kule iintsomi cosmogonic badla iyahlangana kunye nokubhaleka inkqubo imvelaphi oothixo nabantu. Umbono uqhelekileyo lo mbandela ngokuzalwa umntu. Emva amakhulu ambalwa yeentsomi Kwabonakala ke ukukhankanywa yokuqala bayahlelwa emva kokufa.

Njani iinkolelo

Ngoncedo lweepateni ilizwi intsomi ubonisa into engaziwayo, entsha kwaye ngethuba eli bali sibonisa indlela eli entsha wabonakala. Kunokuba intshukumo uTshawe, ukhokho, okanye izenzo zikaThixo. Kukho kwakhona uthotho yeentsomi, xa into entsha iye yaqaliswa ngo-kwenye imveliso, uze nokuphuhlisa licebo yenzeke ngenxa imicimbi, ukhankanywa kuphela ngamabali zilandelayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kuthathwa njenge wanikwa priori.

Imizekelo yeentsomi mihla

iintsomi Modern ukuba zibonakele eRashiya kwisiqingatha sesibini zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ubukhulu becala ukuma efanayo. Lo mzobo central bekusoloko yokuba oyidingayo.

Kwaye akukho ingozi, i izitena lokuqala isiseko ezinjalo iintsomi babeka ababhali yesayensi. Mhlawumbi enye yezona ncwadi okuphawulekayo baqalisa indalo Artura Konan Doyle ( "I Lost World") kunye Obrucheva ( "Pluton"). Vumela nokubhaleka zahluke kakhulu, kodwa kokubili imisebenzi fantastic zaye zabhalwa isimbo enye kwaye zisekelwe kwingcamango enye.

Kunokuba impucuko, kwikona elahlekileyo yehlabathi kukho indawo, apho yi ngengozi, zonke ubunyani olungqonge kufana elidlulileyo kude Womhlaba. Le sezulu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ukuba le vekeleke yaba isiseko soluhlu yeentsomi malunga nezityalo nezilwanyana aye alondolozwa kwihlabathi yayo yoqobo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi olu hlobo intsomi - ilivo weli rhamncwa ogama Nessie, uhlala Scottish echibini Inkanyamba.

Kwakhona kukho ezininzi amabali wentsomi ngezidalwa ulwandle (oominenga), Owubonayo Noomateloshe, kubahambi ngeenyawo kunye nabalobi.

Iintsomi Modern nesayensi

Kakuhle eli ingxaki amanga neqiniso ukuba losasazo le ntsomi lwezesayensi Yinyaniso enzima. Sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba isisahlulo neentsomi. Kulo mzekelo, libhekisela ukuya kwinqanaba lesibini wokuqonda ukuba Inwenwela, inkcazelo yenzululwazi kunye lashicilelwa kweyabo yenkcubeko. Kule meko, i intsomi - oku zamntu ngumntu ilivo, olusekelwe phezu intelekelelo legends, ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko yeengcinga yezenzululwazi.

imiyalelo emibini kwiintsomi

Inkangeleko zeemposiso ezinxulumene inkangeleko, ukubunjwa uphuhliso lwesizwe. Yiloo ndlela abantu bakhe imbali yabo ngabanye abaphuma leyo. ezaqanjwa kamva kuvela imisebenzi eyenzelwe kwiinginginya (leyo ukudala elite) kunye neentsomi ngabantu ngokwabo. Ngenxa yoko, nathi ukuthetha malunga ezimbini ngeendlela kwiintsomi: ezingqalileyo.