Ubume e-nervous system - isifundo komzimba womuntu

Isicwangciso esibanzi lobume luvo luchazwa ezimbini yeencindi: engundoqo kunye neuropathy. Ingqondo kunye umnqonqo zezona nkqubo luvo kunye luvo cranial, yawo spinal ukuba isiseko neuropathy.

Man, njengazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo, nako ukuphendula utshintsho yemichiza emzimbeni kokusingqongileyo.

Kukho iimeko zokusingqongileyo (ngaphandle kwebala, isandi, ukukhanya, kunye nevumba), nto leyo ngoncedo iiseli ezikhethekileyo sensory zitshintshele ube amaza luvo. Abo ke, nayo, wabala utshintsho zombane kunye imichiza ngqo ifayibha luvo. La mandla okwenza ukuba sisasazwa kwimicu afferent ebuchotsheni kunye umnqonqo, apho wavelisa imiyalelo eziyimfuneko ukuze usasazeko (motor) Imicu efferent kwizihlunu uxanduva umsebenzi wolawulo.

Ubume kunye umsebenzi e-nervous system ajoliswe kuhlanganiso kunye nempembelelo ubuchule yangaphandle ephilayo ukuqhelana kuyo.

Ubume e-nervous system ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle iimpawu yeyunithi yayo noshowo - le neuron iseli luvo entlantlu umzimba ngumongo, dendritic (iinkqubo branched) kunye Umzobo wesi (ingalo elide enye). Umgaqo nokusebenza neuron - i-luvo ze inkqubela-luvo ukuzigqithisa kwi umzimba yeseli, ngoko ngokusebenzisa Umzobo wesi ithunyelwe effectors okanye ezinye iiseli.

Phakathi kwabo ngeenkqubo ze luvo ezidibene nge synapse, ogama indima sikuko yokuhluza azilawule luvo. Oku uyakwazi Kwathi la mandla omnye kunye nomnye ulibaziseko.

Luvo liphethwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ukumisela umsebenzi wabo ethile. Ngaloo ndlela, elinye iqela luvo asebenza umsebenzi zohlalutyo kwaye banoxanduva sisenokukhathazwa ngokwentshukumisa-luvo. Iqela lesibini unoxanduva kuyondelelaniswe kunye nokuchongwa neemvakalelo abavela kwezinye izivamvo. Kukho iqela lesithathu, eligcina iziphumo ezivela iimpembelelo ezidlulileyo kwaye athelekise iimpembelelo ezivela imizila ekhoyo.

ulawulo womnatha luvo iziko esimbaxa zasasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba womntu umnqonqo, leyo ifomu i 'iintambo' ende emhlophe, okusuka yeminwe, a ubude 45 cm nezinobunzima 30 grams, kwaye ibekwe emjelweni spinal. It iqulathe macandelo mabini - umcimbi esingwevu (cluster of iiseli zemithambo-luvo) kunye umcimbi emhlophe (nemithambo ifayibha).

Ekhohlo ne ekunene kwesebe umnqonqo kwi "ngohlobo ngamasetyana ukusuka ngesihlahla" luvo lialio. Baya kuthunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umzimba womntu, kwaye unike ubudlelwane kunye nenkqubo luvo. Ulawulo phezu 'isahlulo' athile omzimba oluqhutywa kwenzwa ezithile ezifana.

luvo spinal ibandakanya adjustable okanye sensor, kunye ngaphambili, okanye imoto, izithungu. Uhlobo lokuqala kwimicu evela receptors ulusu, imisipha, izihlunu, amalungu, amalungu zangaphakathi kunye qwa. Kungenxa kule receptors kuvela iimpawu luvo, eziqulathe ulwazi malunga neziganeko ezenzeka emzimbeni nangaphandle. Imiqondiso data diff-ifayibha zithunyelwa umnqonqo, uze - ebuchotsheni, apho ezibekwe, ukuqhubekekiswa, zivavanywe neerhali ngaphambili zithunyelwa ukuphendula kwezinye iimpawu ukuba izihlunu, amalungu zangaphakathi kunye imithambo yegazi.

Isakhiwo zingaquka luvo kunye nenkqubo yawo luvo, elinoxanduva ukutya kunye nezibilini. A phawu yale nkqubo ukusebenza ezimeleyo ndlela ngaphantsi kwenkqubo luvo.

Ngokutsho impembelelo yayo enyama yangaphakathi kwenkqubo yawo nervous ibandakanya iinkqubo parasympathetic novelwano. nobuhlobo yawo kunokuba nzima, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi kuba nomphumela kwenye kunye zikwamzimba mnye nathi, iphunyelelwe kwaye ngokusebenzisa imali ethile emzimbeni.

Ubume e-nervous system kuquka neuron, nto leyo iba Ebubanzini malunga ne-3 mm kwaye ummandla lilonke malunga sq.m. ikota Le yinxalenye umzimba maleko ezintandathu, nto leyo ezinento iiseli omnye komnye. Inani elipheleleyo ezi seli imalunga 15 Bln. Pieces.

Ubume e-nervous system Kuya kuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle iziganeko ezifana reflex, nto leyo impendulo umzimba ngayo kwimpembelelo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa inkqubo luvo. Yahlulwe ikhaliphe olunemiqathango (ukukwazi komzimba ukumelana neemeko zokusingqongileyo ukutshintsha) kwemibandela (impendulo ongaphakathi ezenzeka ngaphandle). ikhaliphe Unconditioned musa ukuba iimeko ezithile ukuze imveliso yawo, yaye semeko - kuvela ngenxa iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zibalulekile ukuze abantu.