Isoda yokubhaka: imichiza ifomula. Le khemikhali formula nesoda yokubhaka kunye nesicelo yayo

Mhlawumbi, ikhaya ngasinye isoda ikhitshi - ibhokisi eziqhelekileyo-ukujonga abanye into angumgubo. Iindwendwe culinary ukuyisebenzisa ibe additive ukwenzela amalungiselelo ukubhaka. Noko ke, ububanzi balo ibanzi kangangokuba nto ngokukhuselekileyo kuthiwe umncedisi umntu jikelele. Kodwa yintoni isoda? Yintoni uhlobo kwaye ikhona indlela isetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla?

soda amagama

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka iimpawu eekhemikhali soda, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba igama layo - "Soda", into efunyenwe igama zesityalo saltwort sodonosnaya, uthuthu, nto leyo yemveliso soda.

Xa chemistry, soda - oko generalizes isihloko sodium iityuwa ye asidi:

• Na ₂ CO ₃ (sodium carbonate) - iikhemikhali ifomula yesoda ash;
• Na ₂ CO ₃ · 10H ₂ O - yesoda yokuhlamba;
• NaHCO ₃ - ukubhaka soda. Le ifomula yemichiza ye soda;
• Na ₂ CO ₃ · H ₂ O okanye Na ₂ CO ₃ · 7H ₂ O - formula imichiza crystal soda.

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwakunye kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto zokufunda engenamsebenzi kushishino lemichiza:

• nokubhaka soda;
• nokubhaka soda;
• sodium yesoda;
• additive E500;
• sodium decahydrate.

Le ndlela yokubala enokwehla

Le khemikhali formula nesoda yokubhaka - NaHCO _3. Le asidi ityiwa asidi. Xa udibanisa ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima atomic kuzo zonke izinto zayo wabavoti woluntu, kuvela ubunzima atomic sodium ilingana no 84 a. e.

Indlela lasungulwa ilula. Le khemikhali formula nesoda yokubhaka - intsebenziswano entsonkothileyo sodium hayidroksayidi ne asidi:

NaOH + H ₂ CO ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O.

Xa chemistry, dvuuglikisly sodium imbaxa sodium hydrogen carbonate anion kwee-. Xa kuqaliswa ezi ngongoma zibe emzimbeni, ukuba ukubuyisela intsalela acid-base ngokuthi lwaze kwakuwo acid langoku kwixesha eliphakathi engamanzi.

soda ash

Le khemikhali formula yesoda ash - Na2CO3. Soda Ash - yinto, izinto emhlophe granular leyo angamelwa ngohlobo ngeengqalutye (A) okanye umgubo (B).

Olu hlobo ash inemisebenzi eziliqela ezahlula yesoda ash ukusuka ukutya.

1. pH esiphakathi. Ukutya kunye nesoda ash - awana, kodwa owokuqala - phantsi, kunye pH = 8, kwaye eyesibini - ophezulu, kunye pH = 11. Uhlobo eliphakathi kunye nefomula yemichiza ibonisa soda zobugcisa.
2. Scope. Isoda yokubhaka esetyenziswa ekuphekeni, zokuthambisa kunye namayeza. Soda isetyenziswa njenge-arhente ngempumelelo zokucoca.

Ekhaya usebenzisa yesoda ash ingaba:

• bazihlamba, besebenzisa njengoko isepha ilondolo;
• ahlambe emgangathweni, kodwa esi sixhobo ayikho ezifanelekileyo laminate kunye parquet ukutyibilika, njengoko ukuze bonakalise ukutyabeka;
• ukususa umbhobho imiqobo;
• amanqaku engenabala imveliso yephondo.

Xa usebenzisa soda ash kufuneka silumke kakhulu, ekubeni into inetyhefu kakhulu emalunga iqela lesithathu-arhente ezinobungozi.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo yesoda yokubhaka

Sodium yesoda lulwelo angumgubo emhlophe. Oku izinto ezintsonkothileyo isodiyam, hydrogen, carbon neoksijini.

Ngu powder loxinano ilingana 2.16 g / cm ^3.

Xa iqondo lobushushu parameter ^ka-50 -60 ^C. into iqala inyibilike.

Sodium yesoda, okanye nesoda yokubhaka imelwe ngokohlobo ubisi olungumgubo. Kwimeko-bume zasemanzini ngokupheleleyo emanzini. It lingatshi liphele. Ifomula imichiza yesoda yokubhaka iyafana naleyo ukutya.

isisombululo soda

Nesoda yokubhaka - into enyibilikayo ngokupheleleyo emanzini, nto leyo kumxube soda. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo ucoceko njengoko acoce.

isisombululo soda formula Chemical ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O = H _{2 CO-3} + NaOH.

Isisombululo soda zolwelo eyaziyo, umlinganiswa okwanamhlanje esisiseko.

Sodium dvuuglikisly dissociates kwi isisombululo zolwelo ukwenza ion zilandelayo:

Na ₂ CO ₃ ↔ 2Na ^{+ +} CO3 ^2-

soda Properties njengendlela kwealkali

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, carbonate sodium hydrogen ichiza obrak. Oku kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa nesoda yokubhaka njengendlela yokungenelela ubumuncu umzimba, ingakumbi isisu. Iziqalelo ezenza ubhobhozo, sibe sesichengeni ekhuselekileyo.

Isoda kidney operability iyaphucuka kuba derivable umchamo ine obrak medium. Ukongeza, oluyigcinayo anenani elifunekayo glutamic AK emzimbeni, nto leyo ethintela ukuvela kwingxelo lityeni nezintso.

indawo awana kunceda ekugayeni olungcono iivithamini ezithile B: B1, B4, B5, B6 kunye B12.

Xa soda esetyenziselwa ukwetyisa elungileyo adibanisa ngayo ubisi kushushu. Oku kunegalelo yokuba soda amancinci emathunjini idityaniswe acid ubisi, leyo nesiphumo acid acid sodium ityuwa ukuba zohlobo obrak. Ezi acid zingcono kakhulu soda, faka egazini, ngaloo ndlela zandise oovimba ialakalin yomzimba.

soda abuhlungu

Le khemikhali formula icaustic - NaOH. ifomula lokwakheka: Na - O - H.

Izinto Ubunzima molekyuli kwenza ubunzima atomic kwamalungu alo Na, O H. Kuyinto ilingana 40.

Abuhlungu ngokugqibeleleyo enyibilikayo emanzini.

Kushishino ngokunxulumene nalo hlobo yesoda la magama alandelayo asetyenziswa:

• soda abuhlungu;
• sodium hayidroksayidi;
• sodium hayidroksayidi.

Xa usebenza soda abuhlungu kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izinto ibakhusela isinxibo, njengoko wadibana eluswini isishiya ukutsha kakhulu.

Soda ile iviniga

iviniga ifomula Chemical kunye nesoda yokubhaka eqhelekileyo xa ufunyansiwe ucimayo avelise amanzi, icarbon dioxide kunye netyuwa acetic acid.

Le chemical "namava" oza sikhatshwe yi hi kweempawu ibonisa ekuqaleni 'umlilo' soda.

Le yokusabela oluqhutywa ishishini zokupheka, xa kujongwe ukuba axove intlama sokubhaka. Iviniga kuba oku kuthathwa enamandla ye-9%. Togu acid inokuba yejusi yelamuni, apple cider okanye iwayini iviniga.

Ngoko kutheni enze indlela kumalungiselelo uvavanyo? Eyona nto kukuba ngenxa yokubola yesoda carbon dioxide unika ubuhle uvavanyo.

into Getting

Xa kumbiwa yesoda ash izityalo halophytes sodonosnoy. Okwangoku isiseko ukulungiselela le nto natural sodium sulfate. Ukulungiselela yokusabela ngolu hlobo, apho kwicala lasekunene iyavezwa ifomula soda chemical:

Na ₂ SO ₄ + 3C + 2Thixo ₂ = 2Na ₂ CO ₃ + CO ₂ + 2Ngoko _2;
CaCO ₃ + C + Na ₂ SO ₄ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + 4CO + CAS.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe soda

Soda ethandwa kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kungekuphela nje component zokupheka. Kodwa sihlolisise iimeko isetyenziswa apho uthuthu.

1. Ukuze uqalise kukuba kwakhona ukukhankanya ukuba soda - icandelo ukutya kwishishini culinary. ukusetyenziswa kwayo ayikho random: ngokufudumeza ambaxa ekwaziyo yokukhulula umphunga carbon dioxide, nto leyo inika airiness uvavanyo. Kulo mzekelo soda uba disintegrant. Kodwa ukuba uthenga kwingxowa evenkileni nomgubo khekhe ukubhaka, ngoko iphakheji kumgca uyakwazi ukubona ubukho soda, apho owalathwe additive ukutya E500.
2. Sebenzisa soda yokubhaka kwakunye nezihlwahlwazayo.
3. Amaxesha amaninzi, soda isetyenziswa iyeza ekuthiwa-"iintsomi". Kulo mmandla, oko kuphuma soda ezibotshwayo phantse zonke izifo, umzekelo, ukusebenza yayo iye babonisa heartburn, ukukhohlela, iintlungu emqaleni, esiswini, kwiziko lobushushu ephakamileyo.
4. Iqhuba kakuhle kunye nesoda yokubhaka njenge arhente wokucoca. Ingasetyenziswa nokucoca xa zishishina zisithengisela ucoceko, neepani-aluminiyam, izitya, iikhaphethi, isilivere impahla. Le nto iye ntsholongwane elungileyo nokubola.
5. abafazi abaninzi basebenzisa nesoda yokubhaka ngeenjongo izithambiso nesempilweni. Ingasetyenziswa njenge tshitshilili isikhumba. Ndisindise emihle ivela iinyawo ulusu rough xa esetyenziselwa iibhate ngonyawo. Ingasetyenziswa ukuphelisa ivumba umbilo kwindawo ikhwapha, okanye isihlangu.

Kuyanceda soda kunye mhlophe amazinyo. Le yindlela engaxabisi kakhulu kodwa esebenzayo. soda powder kugalelwe yamazinyo kunye namanzi okanye iintshukumo ethambileyo eyenziwa ukucoca izinyo.

soda abuhlungu: sebenzisa

Ukusebenzisa olu hlobo yesoda kufuneka luphelekwe ngamanyathelo ezithile nokhuseleko icaustic - a kwealkali owomeleleyo ukuba "zidla" iintlobo ezininzi kumphezulu.

Yintoni kwakhona luncedo kwiikota abuhlungu indlu?

1. Abuhlungu ukhona ubumdaka ezahlukileyo izitya. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ayeke ukusebenzisa le arhente iimveliso ezenziwe aluminiyam kwaye Teflon. Kodwa abanye neembiza, neepani, okanye iitreyi baking - nceda. Nagar, isikali, umaleko ukuvaleka ngamanqatha - konke oku lula ukusingatha caustics.
2. soda abuhlungu ngayo ukusombulula ingxaki kwemibhobho ivalekile. Kufuneka nje ukuba azalise iziyobisi granular kwi ityhubhu ze uyishiye ixeshana, ngoko pula ngamanzi abalekayo.

soda abuhlungu, okwabizwa ngokuba soda abuhlungu, usebenza ngokubanzi ngendlela engazange mveliso kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso.

1. In zokwakha. Apha, i into esetyenzisiweyo ukwenza ezinye iintlobo zezixhobo zokwakha, kwaye kananjalo usebenza njengesakhi olongezelelweyo eyomeleza isiseko esisiseko izakhiwo.
2. Xa yokudla. soda abuhlungu iyasebenza kunye nokutya iimveliso. Kakade ke, kule meko lisetyenziswa kungomlinganiselo omncinci. Kunye nenxaxheba yakhe ukuvelisa ekoko yangumgubo, itshokolethi, ice cream, caramel, xa ukubhaka isonka, oku kusetyenziswa isongezo E524.
3. noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo. Kule ndawo, soda abuhlungu iluncedo ngelaphu aphuphe kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokutsha iimveliso zerabha.
4. Imveliso Chemical: icaustic isetyenziswa neutralizers acid, ithetha nokucoca ioli kunye neemveliso ezisekelwe kuyo. Ukuveliswa oyile nezeefektri nazo akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ukongeza yesoda abuhlungu. Ukongeza, sodium hayidroksayidi - kuvala kakuhle ezinye ekudibaneni kwemichiza.
5. soda efanelekileyo abuhlungu ekwenzeni isepha kunye nokuveliswa lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo iisepha, ishampu kunye gel.

Isoda ash: sebenzisa

Isoda ash ubizwa ngokuba yelinen emhlophe. imfuno olulodwa eli ziko udliwa eSoviet Union, ke ngoko, sinokuthi: Isoda yokuhlamba ixesha kuvavanywa.

Indlela abaqeshwe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Ngexesha izinto ahlambe.
2. Xa uhlamba imiphezulu eethayile, stoneware, zodongwe.
3. Xa ususa ukuvaleka zizibi kufunyenwe kwimibhobho.
4. Ukuze ukuphelisa umhlwa kwi isigubhu umatshini wokuhlamba, kwakunye izitya.
5. Ngenxa yokuchithwa izinambuzane emiyezweni.

Ukususela ngasentla, esi sigqibo icebisa ngokwalo: Soda isixhobo ubhetyebhetye esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zombini ubomi zasekhaya kunye nezoshishino.

Izinto umgangatho kukuba ungathenga ngayo ngeepeni nje.