Dust. Distribution kwindalo, ngeendlela zokufumana, sebenzisa

Silicon dayoksayidi (chemical ifomula: SiO2, dust) - yinto crystalline enemibala emihle, yiglasi okanye izinto amorphous. Le ezimbiwa kuba ngokohlobo kwentlabathi zwi sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokwakha, xa kusenziwa imveliso yemichiza kunye nonomathotholo, ekwakhiweni eyama kunye namanye amashishini amaninzi.

Ukusasazwa Silica endalweni

Silica iqulethwe kolu qweqwe lomhlaba njenge umxube kunye nezinye izimbiwa (obizwa ngokuba lenyengane), kunye silicate, inxalenye yengxondorha. Eyona eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka ngokwendalo izimbiwa - zwi, cristobalite na anqabe kakhulu, yikalikedo, tridymite, lube yihakinto, lechatelierite (iglasi zwi). Le ziikristale emihle zwi oyinxalenye ebizwa ngokuba "engundoqo" zwi. Ngokubhujiswa yokupasa ilitye elenziwa zwi isanti,, leyo, ubunjwe kukhokelela inkangeleko quartzite kunye yelitye.

Rhinestone - lo zwi kakhulu ecocekileyo, enemibala. ziikristale yayo ukuze bahlole amashumi eetoni, yaye ukufikelela ubude beemitha eziliqela. Kwakhona, zwi ukuze isale ezahlukeneyo ubumdaka violet (neametiste), esimthubi (citrine), abamnyama (morion), nomsi (rauchtopaz). Kwindalo, kukho kwakhona uhlobo cryptocrystalline lwe zwi: i lwesardiyo ebomvu-pink, eluhlaza-apile chrysoprase, nesafire oluhlaza, neyaspisi Babaqhathanisele-bala, nebherilo neerubhi isanti, hornfels kunye lesilicon.

Unique yihakinto 'nengqondo ", equka amasuntswana colloidal of ubudeki efanayo malunga 0.2 microns. Ezi amasuntswana afakwa ezingxobeni ngokuqinileyo zibe agglomerates wayalela amanzi ziqulathe ekhulwini ngaphantsi kwe omnye (in opals ezininzi - malunga asixhenxe ekhulwini). iidipozithi Natural silicon dioxide kwakhona indlela diatomite, Tripoli. Of wokumbiwa wakha amaqokobhe ze diatoms, amathambo abantu iziponji ezithile. Nguye yinxalenye zezityalo - ezifana ingcongolo, horsetail, uqalo.

Indlela ukufumana dust?

SiO2 Synthetic zingafumaneka:

- yintshukumo zehydrochloric (HCl) okanye sulphuric (H2SO4) asidi for the silicate isodiyam ubuncinane - ngamanye silicates ezinyibilikayo (le yeyona ndlela iphambili kumazwe aphuhlileyo);

- usebenzisa colloidal lesilicon dayokhsayidi (ebandayo layo okanye coagulation phantsi inyathelo F- ion, Na +);

- by haydrolisis le fluoride lesilicon SiF4, lesilicon tetrachloride SiCl4, tetraethoxysilane (C2H5O) 4Si, desublimata eqinileyo (NH4) 2SiF6 ngohlobo sukube ngokunjalo ammonia zolwelo kunye izisombululo zolwelo (ngamanye amaxesha kongezwe iziseko organic, okanye ethanol).

lesilicon amorphous dioxide Zilungiselele:

- diatomite kunye Tripoli;

- calcination irayisi ese exolweni;

- nokutshixiza zwi tho.

amakha dust Anhydrous ziveliswa:

- ukusebenzisa imichiza umphunga isimemezelo;

- by haydrolisis kunye namachibi umphunga esters dust pyrogenic kunye lesilicon fluoride;

- ngu ukutshiswa lesilicon tetrachloride SiCl4 umphunga xa kumxube H2 kunye O2.

Njengoko dust kusetyenziswa?

- dust Natural asetyenziswe ukuvelisa imveliso yephondo, ikhonkrithi, abrasives, izitena intlabathi lime, iiseramikhi, zodongwe, DINACYT, iiglasi silicate;

- dust Synthetic ( "carbon black white") lalisetyenziswa njengoko lokufaka ekwenziweni iirubber;

- zwi ziikristale abangatshatanga baye bafumana ukusetyenziswa elektroniki (okucoca, ekwenzeni rhoqo piezoelectric, resonators) e acoustoelectronics kunye acousto, xa izacholo, kwisixhobo optical;

- rhinestone kunye zokwenziwa lesilicon dioxide zisetyenziswa izinto ekrwada ekuveliseni iglasi zwi, zwi, iifayibha zwi crystal elinye kunye yodongwe. Kwelinye icala, iseramikhi kunye neglasi zwi lisetyenziswa kushishino eyama optic,-elektroniki kunye nezinye amashishini. Zwi isetyenziswa njenge izinto ngelaphu, ukugcinwa ubushushu, neerhali zwi - ukwenza iinkqubo fibre-optic of transfer ulwazi kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano.