Mamaev Kurgan e Volgograd. Mamayev Hill - History

Izwe lethu a unique kwi ngembali ubunzima, ethe yabonakalisa iplani iziza, izikhumbuzo, ezikhumbuzo. iindawo ezininzi ebonakalayo kubo bonke abemi ngamazwe le-Russian Federation, ezi ziquka i Mamayev Kurgan e Volgograd. ngokufanele siganeko, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni yayakhiwe Imbali ukwakhiwa zakhiwo isikhumbuzo.

Mamaev kurgan

Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi kunye nabantu abahlala Volgograd, indawo engaqhelekanga ngayo Kunzima ukucinga. Kutheni le ntaba kancinane ibango angaboyisi ezininzi kangangokuba itsale kwabo ezweni, nto leyo yanceda abavikeli bakhe, yaye kutheni enkulu kangaka inani bewile loo ndunduma? A lot of iimfihlelo neentsomi mmandla kunye lesikhumbuzo ngokwayo.

Apho wenza igama "Mamayev Kurgan"? Imbali yalo mbuzo asisiniki impendulo ecacileyo. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi, nganye eneyazo bawo. Avamise kakhulu ligama ezinxulumene Khan iGolden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, Mamai. Le mbono isekelwe kwinto yokuba phezu iinqaba endulini ibekwe nangezinto. Kudla avakalisa yi version beelwimi kweli gama, abantu balapha ngokuba ukuphakama "elisemqolo" ngolwimi yegama iVolga AmaTatar libizwa ngokuba "Mama". Enye hypothesis lichaza inguqulelo yegama elithi "umama" kunye drevnetibetskogo njenge "unina ihlabathi."

Ubude 102,0 - njengoko yayibizwa ngexesha iziganeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Enye intatheli kothiwa yintaba "udonga", yaye loo mazwi esiprofeto. Namhlanje yokuba ubunzima engcwabeni. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, Mamaev Kurgan e Volgograd - indawo hayi kuphela kwihlabathi odumileyo, kodwa ebalulekileyo izizukulwana ezininzi zabantu Russian.

Imbali esidulini

Volgograd ezikhumbuzo ziyathandwa kwimbali yeenkampu zethu wamajoni, ingakumbi nesakhiwo esikhulu sisikhumbuzo enikelwe iziganeko ezinkulu anegazi yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ngexesha Battle of Stalingrad yaba ukuphakama 102 into ngobuchule kubalulekile, kuba amaxesha amaninzi udlule esandleni enye ukuya kwenye ungquzulwano. Oku kungenxa kwindawo ngokwejografi zendunduma - oku iinqaba phezu lonke kwendawo, ikuvumela ukulawula kuphela sixeko kodwa ekudibaneni iVolga, kunye Trans-iVolga.

Idabi for Mamayev Kurgan yaba lalawo kwimbali yeemfazwe. Sagcina iintsuku 135, yaye idabi for Stalingrad - iintsuku 200 nobusuku. Kuloyiso ekugqibeleni kweli dabi afunyanwa yi imikhosi yiSoviet, wamiswa ngenxa kuthinjwe 102 kunye ukuphakama bayitwabulula iseyilana iflegi. Koloyiso Stalingrad kwabutshintsha emfazweni, ukubaluleka kwaye ibonakalisa nentlekele zakhiwo enkumbulo "looMawokhulu".

Mamaev Kurgan waba yindawo yokungcwaba abantu abangaphezu kwe-34 amawaka abasweleke ekhusela Stalingrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Emva kwemfazwe, oku zalaba kwaye owabulawa kunye iimbumbulu, amaqokobhe umhlaba ixesha elide waba lesikhumbuzo kwiziganeko yobuqhawe nabo bonke abo wafela kwilizwe. Lo mbono ukwakha lesikhumbuzo phezu kwenduli ngo-1959, njengoko oko kuqulethwe sisikhumbuzo Heroes of Battle of Stalingrad, leyo eyakhelwe kwi Mamayev Hill.

complex Memorial

Le projekthi ye lesikhumbuzo elizayo eyenzelwe elide. Bonke-Union khuphiswano, wawungapheleli nabayili bezakhiwo, amagcisa kunye iinjineli kuphela, kodwa bonke ziyaqhubeka memory yaloo mihla, yagqitywa kwiminyaka eli-10. I. V. Stalin ngokobuqu ekhethiweyo yi womzobi oyintloko eV Vucetic, phantsi endisebenze abakroli iqela iinjineli kunye nabayili. Mamaev iduli Volgograd imele kuqamba yezakhiwo kanye kwesakhiwo, nto leyo buhlanganiswe ingqiqo kunye nomthwalo ideology. Le ndawo iyonke kwisakhiwo isikhumbuzo iihektare ngaphezulu kwe-26, ubude - 1.5 km. Iqela ngalinye oqingqiweyo wahlukile kwabanye, kodwa inika ithuba ukubona yonke umfanekiso yobuqhawe kunye neziganeko ebuhlungu 1942-43. Lo msebenzi lathatha elingaphezu kweminyaka esibhozo, ukususela 1959 ukuya 1967, ngeli xesha uninzi iingcamango oqingqiweyo kunye zokwakha zatshintsha, izisombululo zobunjineli kangangoko, wadala iintlobo ekhululekile ngakumbi oqingqiweyo zifunyenweyo.

le complex

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, tyelela lesikhumbuzo nabanina. Abantu abaninzi abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe lethu elikhulu bakholisa ukubona ngamehlo yakowazo lesikhumbuzo zobungangamela kweMfazwe Enkulu - i Mamayev Hill. Tour le imbaxa simahla, iindwendwe ezininzi pre-ndaqhelana naye, kodwa wonk 'ithi ityelelwa kuphela ngeli ukuphakama, sinako ukuqonda ukuba ubuqhawe le abavikeli Stalingrad kwaye uzive amandla lenkumbulo. iqela oqingqiweyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Le ndawo yokungena kunye isiqabu "Inkumbulo izizukulwana" phezulu.
2. Alley, ihonjiswe Lombardy yemingcunube.
3. Iqela oqingqiweyo "Yima Ukufa" kwi square eponymous.
4. isiqabu High, engumqondiso amabhodlo Stalingrad emva kwemfazwe ugqityiwe.
5. Square Heroes '.
6. isiqabu omkhulu.
7. Military Hall of Lodumo.
8. indawo Usizi, iziko apho - ngoma "Ulilela umama".
9. ngcwaba Mass.
10. "LooMawokhulu Iifowuni" - ukuba sculpture usembindini isakhiwo lenkumbulo.
11. engcwabeni Low mass.
12. All Saints Church.
13. Military Memorial Amangcwaba.
14. Arboretum emazantsi zakhiwo.

"Inkumbulo kwizizukulwana"

Kwindawo yokuqala yesikhumbuzo kukho isiqabu eludongeni-high obonisa abantu bephethe iintyatyambo, seeflegi, nezidanga. Njengoko ukhawule labazobi, umfanekiso efuzisela memory izizukulwana ezizayo, ukuze feat le abavikeli Stalingrad akayi kulityalwa. Mangeni amajoni Wabunikela ubomi babo ngenxa uxolo kunye nenkululeko kwilizwe lethu, iya kunikwa bonke izizukulwana zabantu Russian. Kwakhona kwi square kukho tshe, nto leyo luzinikele uTshawe-umzi. yayigcinwa elinambini oyigcina amakhulu Nyengane ngomhlaba othatyathwe emizini kaHomer. indawo Ukuqhubeka ikhonza ubude nasezirhangeni zompopulari omhlophe kweemitha 223 kunye nobubanzi-10 m.

Ummandla "Yima Ukufa"

Ngezinyuko ezenziwe lenyengane kukuphela Ilungiselelo yemingcunube. It kukho indawo ichibi, izindlu ukuba Umfanekiso we "The War." Hero ephethe umpu esandleni yenziwa ibloko monolithic ngamatye. Le ukwakheka limele xesha nto inzima Idabi Stalingrad, xa inkuthazo yamajoni Soviet waphula inkolelo utshaba xa invincibility yakhe. Phantsi nesichotho iimbumbulu kunye amaqokobhe phezu wotshaba abantu bawudela ukufa walunguza ebusweni bakhe. IQhawe uyavuka ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Yena omkhonzayo inkxaso ethembekileyo kwiyure kakhulu eyoyikekayo edabini. Indawo of "Yima Ukufa" ophela ngezinyuko ezibandakanya amanyathelo 200 ka - inani leentsuku kunye nobusuku, idabi for Stalingrad.

amanxiwa

Ecaleni amanyathelo ezikhokelela embindini sinzima yesikhumbuzo ngokohlobo kubude ludonga 18 no-46 eemitha wenza elide BAS-isiqabu. Ezindongeni - lonke ibali longquzulwano abacimi. Bahlabeka imingxuma bullet kwi amaxwebhu zabo phezu wawutyabeka ezizizo kunye neengxelo ezivela kwindawo edabini. zomculo izandi imvelaphi - weva iingoma kweminyaka yemfazwe, ilizwi Levitan likaThixo idlulisela imeko imiphambili, oveliswe izandi yeduli. umoya ezisongela kwakhona yexesha, ukugqithisa umoya abavikeli kwicala lasekhohlo eludongeni ivezwa isifungo Stalingrad.

Heroes Square kunye isiqabu omkhulu

Ukuze bangene kwiHolo Military Glory, zonke iindwendwe Mamayev Hill ke iindlela ecaleni yokudada enkulu, nto leyo ehlotyeni izele ngamanzi. Heroes Square, wabahlula iinxalenye ezimbini. Kwicala lasekunene kukho amaqela oqingqiweyo. A inani leendawo ezintandathu apha, ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi, iimitha ezintandathu ukuphakama. Zibonisa ukuba ngokwenene iziganeko imiboniso zedabi mzi. ibhena imitha-100 zenzeka kwicala lasekhohlo ezibhaliweyo imigca ezibonisa umoya kunye nesixeko Stalingrad abavikeli. isiqabu omkhulu - ludonga apho amagcisa babonakalisa imeko ekhubekisayo yiSoviet, uloyiso kubo, avalele amajoni yotshaba.

Hall of Military Glory

Ukubeka imilo zezindlu, nto leyo ibekwe phakathi ingalo imitha ezintlanu-ngokuziphakamisa , siselangatyeni obungunaphakade, libhekisela imifanekiso obala kunazo okuluphawu Volgograd ezinika. Photo kunye nomfanekiso yento bokwakha inokufumaneka imithombo emininzi. Hall lunikezelwa memory obungunaphakade abo zawa isilwela Stalingrad kunye Mamayev Kurgan. Phezu kophahla lwesakhiwo ubonisa mabhaso karhulumente ezindongeni - 34 amalaphu anomyalezo ezibomvu, nganye iqulathe amagama amajoni kwabafileyo. Flame Obungunaphakade njalo babeke iintyatyambo kunye nezidanga, amaqhawe na ulibele, eseleyo ngonaphakade ndunduma.

Usizi Area uyamvulela abo bephuma Hall of Lodumo. Iziko yile iqela oqingqiweyo "Ulilela umama". Andinawo amazwi okuchaza ngomvandedwa amawaka noonina, abafazi kunye nabantwana abo amajoni akazange abuye emfazweni. Ichibi iinyembezi ezingqonge lesikhumbuzo, ezinyuka ziye ndisentlungwini eqaqanjelwa phezu kwamanzi. Mamaev Kurgan e Volgograd - ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya Ukoyisa Enkulu kunye ingxakeko enkulu yabantu eSoviet Union.

"LooMawokhulu Iifowuni"

Ikratshi iquka bonke abambonayo entsonkothileyo yonke yesikhumbuzo kwaye central lesikhumbuzo yayo. Sculpture "looMawokhulu" - uphawu welizwe lethu, kuquka izixeko ezifana Volgograd. Mamayev Kurgan (iifoto kweminyaka yemfazwe, ixesha kolwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo, namhlanje xa befunwa, inzala ukuya lenkumbulo abaphumelela ixesha) zama ukutyelela zonke iindwendwe aloo mzi ukubona amehlo obuqaqawuli bakhe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ukukrola "looMawokhulu" iqukiwe kuluhlu i-10 liphezulu ehlabathini. Okwangoku, uye buphuma ukwakhiwa ubude kwaye kwangenwa kwi-Guinness Book of Records. Ikrele lesikhumbuzo (33 m - ubude ngekrele) - 85 eemitha, oko lomntu lulilize ngaphakathi babonelelwa inkqubo sisinyithi ngentambo ekunqandeni intshabalalo. Woman penny ubiza abazalwana bakhe noonyana ndingene ekulweni zonke ukuba sigcina kweli hlabathi - oku kubonakala ngathi looMawokhulu. Lo mfanekiso imi phezu * zendunduma, isiseko efihliweyo phantsi komhlaba, koseko ephantsi unika imvakalelo ndandifeketha na isakhiwo multi-ton. Ebusuku, lo "looMawokhulu" esikhanyayo yi spotlight ezinamandla. Oku kunokubonwa ukusuka naphi phakathi komzi, kwaye enekrele imi phezu iVolga. Xa unyawo lesikhumbuzo kubekwe komngcwabo lamajoni namagosa, phantse amawaka 35 abantu sangcwatywa kumathambeka zendunduma. De namhlanje, akukho nto imiyo, ukuba bonke abalwa ndiyifumene, nokuqhubeka zamaqula bafumana iintsalela kudluliselwa Military Memorial Amangcwaba, leyo wadalwa kutshanje kunye nale le njongo.