Uphi iAthos (ntaba)? Mountain oyiNgcwele: inkcazelo, ukuphakama. Indlela ukuya apho? godlo of iNtaba iAthos

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha enye yeendawo ezininzi amazing kwaye zintle kwi jikelele. Ngaba uyazi ukuba leliphi ilizwe iNtaba iAthos? Yintoni eyenza idume? abemi balo? On ezi kunye nezinye imibuzo sizama ukuphendula ngoku.

indawo

Ngoku masibone, uphi na iNtaba iAthos kwimaphu. Kunxweme loLwandle iAegean, eGrisi, usingasiqithi i imilo engaqhelekanga ngokungathi isandla ngeminwe ezintathu. Lo Halkidiki. mpuma Its kakhulu "umnwe", nto leyo ibanga ngaphezu amathandathu kweekhilomitha - it iAthos. Ukusuka empumalanga kokuhlanjwa yi chibi Gulf Ierisu. Entshonalanga, iye amanzi ayo emnyama aluhlaza Gulf of Singitikos. Ngasemntla na Isthmus ka-Ahaswerosi, kodwa zibe zisondelelene - idolophu adumileyo Ouranoupolis. Kulo kudlule ama abanomdla iNtaba iAthos (Greece). ukuphakama kwawo - 2033 m.

Indlela ukuya apho?

Sikhoyo ukuze ukwazi ukufikelela kuphela elwandle, ngokuthenga itikiti enqanaweni, ecaleni ethekwini uDaphne, apho izibuko. Ukusuka apha emendweni mazifike Carey (iziko yolawulo kwiriphabliki emishini). Ekubeni izaqhwithi eze apha kaninzi, i ngezonqulo, abakwaziyo apho iAthos (intaba), ngakumbi ukuba ukukhetha indlela elifutshane apha - in Ouranoupoli. Ke ngoku ukuba inxalenye fun - imbali kule ndawo.

History of iNtaba iAthos

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, usingasiqithi iAthos kwakuhlala izizwe zamaGrike. Ngenxa wegqitha zonke iindlela ulwandle engundoqo, edityaniswe Greece kunye East.

Ukugcinwa ubungqina obungamaxwebhu obunyaniso bolu kwi kwiidolophu kusingasiqithi (yavela emva kweminyaka 1000 phambi kokuzalwa uKristu). Xa imisebenzi yamandulo mbali ezinkulu (Thucydides kunye nguHerodotus) ukhankanye amagama abanye babo, ezifana Olofiksos, Fissos, Kleone, Dion, Apollo, Akroafos. Indawo ngqo kwezi zokuhlala okwangoku usethe.

Xa iAthos i azo bafika, lo mzi, ingakumbi kwi ukuphakama (abemi-10 000), baba eyintlango.

Mount iAthos - Intaba Holy

C uqeqeshwa monasticism rhoqo abazalwana kuhlala ezintabeni, enkosi umsebenzi nokuzincama ebizwa ezi ndawo ingcwele. Baba eYiputa, ePalestina, eAsia Minor, eSiriya. Uninzi kubo nokuba zokuhlala ezimbalwa, ikhaya iimonki ezimbalwa, okanye amabhodlo izakhiwo ezingqina ukuba ubukhulu owayesakuba kwezi ndawo.

Monasticism entabeni iAthos

Isithethe samandulo Church uthi kwiNtaba iAthos ubuKristu ngokwayo waqalisa ukushumayela kuMama kaThixo, lowo wamthabatha kule ndawo phantsi begxeka yakhe.

Ngoku kunzima ukutsho xa lendela zokuqala kwiNtaba iAthos. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba emahlathini losingasiqithi phezu iintshutshiso ngamaKristu okuqala ababezimela. Le Ukuhlasela iqaba yeentshaba, intshutshiso rhoqo kutshatyalaliswa phantse yonke amaxwebhu enokuba kucacise ukukhanya kwisigaba sokuqala ubomi kwiriphabliki emishini. Okunye ndiyizalise le zidle amavo ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abanako ukukhonza ubungqina namandla eenzululwazi. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lendela lokuqala kwaloo ntaba ingcwele (iNtaba iAthos nje indawo enjalo) ekwafika kuye ilizwi likaYehova ngemihla St Constantine.

Ukuba uyakholwa ilivo, uKonstantin Veliky wagqiba ukwakha ikomkhulu elitsha uBukhosi baseRoma kwi iAthos lizwe. Sele kubantu abasebenza kuyo ekwenzeni izicwangciso zasezidolophini, xa uKhesare kwafika uphawu - Bishop le ndawo. Waxelela uConstantine ukuba le ndawo ukhethe Virgin ngokwakhe. umlawuli uhlonipha wala isicelo sakhe, ukongeza, wakha phezu iNtaba iAthos emithathu itempile imbeko Virgin kufuphi zokuhlala, kuloo ndawo apho namhlanje zifumaneka Vatopedi kunye Iviron eMonastri, Carey. kamva aqotywa Julian njengoMwexuki.

UConstantine wathumela abahlali iNtaba iAthos kwi iPeloponnese lizwe. Kukho enye inguqulo ukuba kwenye kwafuneka kamva noMlawuli Pogonate.

"Abasetyhini akukho entry!"

Nguwo lo umlomo ephambili, ukwenza kwiRiphabliki emishini kwiminyaka 422. Yaba ngeli xesha intombi uMlawuli uTheodosius wayefuna ukuba bangene isigodlo Vatopedi, kodwa wamiswa ngelizwi eyaphuma nguMama kaThixo. Apha, akukho mfazi wayengekho entabeni.

Ngenkulungwane VII, emva kokoyiswa basePalestina, Syria neYiputa, Arab amaSilamsi, lendela kwafuneka ashiye ilizwe. Abaninzi kubo safudukela iNtaba iAthos. Apho ke wafumana indawo yokufihla neemonki abo batshutshiswa iconoclasts ababusi.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane IX, le ndawo iye kwelinye lamaziko emishini ezinkulu waseMpuma. Le neemonki iNtaba iAthos yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo XVII zeformula Council. Ngeli xesha iAthos indela waba iintlobo ezintathu yobukho - Skete, kinoviynuyu (coenobitic), yedwa.

Ekuqaleni ithe owayehlala ecaleni kwamanye amakholwa, kodwa kwinkulungwane IX, usingasiqithi yokuyekelelwa amafama yokugqibela nabalusi. Ngowe-883, uMlawuli Basil I uwise umthetho wokuba ze iphumeze yokuhlala Peninsula esakhiweni kuphela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iAthos (Mountain oyiNgcwele) ubomi nemithetho soze yatshintsha, ngexesha lethu.

Athanasia

Le ndoda wazibeka iziseko monasticism kwi iAthos. St. Athanasius wamahlula ukuhlonela uThixo kuphela, kwaye iimpawu ezininzi, kodwa i izakhono nomququzeleli obalaseleyo. Lavra Great phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe kuye eMonastri imodeli, ngokufana emva abaninzi yoonongendi ahlelwa.

Abafana evela kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukwazi apho iAthos (intaba), waya eSt Athanasius, efuna ukufumana isikhokelo ngokomoya. Sahamba apha kwaye evulekileyo, kunye nabameli iintsapho amanene. Emngcwabeni ka Saint Athanasius iNtaba iAthos ithe yeza ngo-2500.

The Golden Age of iAthos

Eli xesha iphathelele ngenkulungwane XIV. Mountain oyiNgcwele baqala ukuthwala isiqhamo ngokomoya, udumo lwakhe twa ubuKristu kulo lonke ihlabathi.

IAthos waba imvuselelo hesychast iziko. Le meko iye yaphuhliswa ngeendlela ezimbini: yedwa kunye monasticism cenobitic.

Ngeli xesha kukho yoonongendi Ioanna Predtechi St Anne.

Le ntaba engcwele kwinkulungwane XX

Ukususela ngowe-1910 ukuya 1971, inani iimonki kwiNtaba iAthos sehle kakhulu - ukusuka kwishumi lamawaka abantu amakhulu amabini amawaka, kunye nobudala babo avareji sele ifikelele kwiminyaka 55. Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba isiphelo iNtaba iAthos, yenza isindululo iprojekthi yotshintsho indawo engcwele yaba liziko kubakhenkethi enkulu kunye isakhiwo imyuziyam. Abadala kunye abaphila ayikwazanga ukufumana abalandeli abaselula, kwakukho ugrogriso sirhoxisiwe isithethe iminyaka eliwaka, enayinikelwayo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. godlo Huge kunye convents baba eyintlango, waqalisa uyaguga.

Kodwa ke ngequbuliso nokuba lokuhle ezingalindelekanga kwenzeke - iNtaba iAthos waqalisa wokubavusa. Namhlanje, inani iimonki abantu abangaphezu kwama-1,800.

Ubomi kwiriphabliki emishini

Kunye usingasiqithi, apho iAthos (intaba), amabini yoonongendi yamandulo wakha phezu yeengxondorha, leyo zisikhumbuza kakhulu ezinde ephakathi. umjikelezi nganye ehlaselwa ubuhle babo nobuhle. Ukongeza, kummandla iNtaba iAthos balishumi elinababini yoonongendi, kukho inani elikhulu iiseli, ooronta kunye hermits Kalyvia.

Charter vala emishini republic isiseko of nezigodlo ezintsha. ummandla wayo yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo. Ngamnye kubo bobabo enye nezigodlo.

Eli candelo lifezekiswa hayi kuphela amalungelo kwepropati, kodwa izibophelelo zomthetho. ngonyaka ngamnye, abameli maxe- ezine babumba abasemagunyeni zokunyanzelisa umthetho iAthos. Nyaka ngamnye, ukuba ukhethe ummeli, eyinxenye ye welungu ophakamileyo karhulumente (Kinot oyiNgcwele) republic emishini.

ntaba engcwele kwifomu yayo yoqobo walondoloza imimiselo kunye nobomi oqhelekileyo wazifihla. Oluya maxe- kunye hermitages nako ukubahluthisa intliziyo kunye nokukhanya novuyo.

godlo of iNtaba iAthos

Namhlanje, amashumi amabini yoonongendi izenzo kulo mhlaba. Nangona lo ummiselo akuthethi ukwanda kwamanani abo, bavumelekile ukuba ukudala yoonongendi ezintsha iiseli, xa kukho imfuneko.

Godlo kwi iNtaba iAthos kwinkqubo ezahlukeneyo oluneqela kugqiba ubungakanani etempileni okanye ubutyebi bakhe, yaye iqondo nefuthe kunye nexesha isiseko.

I Monastery of Great Lavra

Esi sakhiwo indala iNtaba iAthos. Kwakhona ngokuba Lavra of St. Athanasius. Isiseko woonongendi bobabo kunyaka 963. It wahlelwa St. Athanasius. Le oyidingayo kakhulu ezixabisekileyo woonongendi yi-ngqangi yamandulo apho amagama lendela yokuqala, kwakunye ngesandla kwi isakhelo ngegolide, iindaba ezilungileyo, umnqamlezo lobuqu St. Athanasius.

isigodlo Vatopedi

Le isigodlo ibekwe kufuphi nolwandle. Ubuncwane bayo kufuneka kuqatshelwe amaxesha kunye imifanekiso Onyulu, baba phakathi kwawo ngokungummangaliso Eleotochivaya, ktitorskih ngababuleweyo. Ithala isigodlo iqulathe phezu kwamawaka amabini yesandla ngaphezulu kwama-35 amawaka amaxwebhu.

Zograf isigodlo

Enye yamandulo isigodlo kwiNtaba iAthos. Ngokutsho legend, ibisekwe ngabazalwana abathathu Bulgarian, abahlala yentsapho yasebukhosini. Ngowe-1873, ilitye lesikhumbuzo elimiswe entendelezweni woonongendi kule ndawo apho wadibana ukufa kabuhlungu 26 neemonki, wayitshisa aphiliswe Latins ngo-1276.

unxibelelwano Convent. Paul

Asikwazi sithi amagama ambalwa malunga weemonki of St. UPawulos, nto leyo ifumaneka e-kumzantsi-mpuma iNtaba iAthos. Emva kokuba ingcinezelo Turkish kwinkulungwane XIX ekuqaleni lendela bayishiya woonongendi waza wabuyela kuye ngoncedo tsars Russian. Woonongendi yakhiwa kwi X kwinkulungwane. Ku zonakala ngexesha ngumlilo ngo-1902.

unxibelelwano Convent. Panteleimon

Wahlala elinye igama - "Russika". Wabonakala phezu kweNtaba iAthos ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XI, xa apha kwafika lendela yokuqala Russian. Ngenkulungwane XIX, sase abemi abangaphezulu kwama 1000. Kule ndawo igcinwe ngenyameko unxibelelwano amandla. Panteleimon. Ilayibrari abatyebileyo weemonki yasinda ngqangi amawaka amabini kunye neencwadi ezingaphezu kwama-20,000 isiGrike, Russian kunye Slavic. Zonke godlo yeNtaba iAthos ubutyebi ezoyikekayo iconography baseByzantium. Ithe ukulondoloza esekelwe enqabileyo imizobo eludongeni, imifanekiso ezixabisekileyo nezinto ezingcwele. Bathi nje ukukhusela, kodwa zande ukuqhama yokomoya Orthodox.

Eyona bahlonipha icons iNtaba iAthos kunye nomfanekiso ka-Lady yethu Portaitissa (Vratarnitsa) kunye Gerontissa (Staritsa). Bamkhonze maxe- Iviron Monastery kunye Pantocrator. INtaba iAthos ifana ixesha ophilayo. Akubalulekanga isibheno izilingo wobomi amakholwa lwesono.

Ngoku uyazi apho iAthos - Mount twisisaka nobumnandi. Xa kuvela ithuba, qiniseka ukuba batyelele le ndawo emangalisayo.