Transfer eyazisa contiguity. Tiga: Inkcazo

Igama elithi "tiga" lisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithetha "ukuthiya". Kulo mzila, nto leyo ukugqithiselwa ixabiso contiguity - athile okanye rhoqo - igama kwiklasi ethile yezinto, okanye elinye eyahlukileyo okanye olunye udidi, ezinxulumene naye ukubandakanyeka kwimeko ethile okanye contiguity.

Ziziphi amagama badluliselwe

Isiseko tiga ezi lwendawo, ingqiqo, isiganeko, ubudlelwane siyavakala kwaye syntagmatic phakathi ezinye iindidi ezivela kwinto ekhoyo ukubonakaliswa kwayo engqondweni yomntu, liqulathwe iintsingiselo ezithile zamagama - phakathi kwabantu, izinto, izenzo, iziganeko, iinkqubo, iziganeko, amaziko asekuhlaleni, ixesha, indawo, njl

Igama badluliselwe:

1) kunye isitya ngokwexabiso umxholo okanye isiqulatho ngokwayo, ezifana "iglasi" - "ukulinganisa izihlwele ezomileyo kunye engamanzi," "ukusela isitya";

2) a izinto yeemveliso ezenziwe ngayo: "lobhedu" - "coppers," yaye "metal";

3) ukusuka elalini, indawo kwi isiganeko enxulumene okanye ibekwe lokuphila abemi balo: "wonke elalini bamwa kuye", "Indlela" - "uhambo", "indlela wabeka ukuba isindululo," "ixesha uhambo";

3) isenzo ethile phezu kwayo, esi sifundo liya kuthatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo (isixhobo, into, ngokuxhomekeke) okanye indawo: "Tshikani ku" - le ndawo apho izithuthi, kwaye inyathelo elingqalileyo, "impempe" - idivaysi ping kunye nesenzo ngekhwelo;

5) iindlela Umxholo ethile binzana okanye, ngobuwena izinto ezithile kokuqulathwe liphela, "yincwadi umdla" libhekisela umxholo, kwaye 'incwadi enkulu' - kwisifundo;

6) ukudlulisela ixabiso adjacency nenzululwazi, ishishini ulwazi umbandela yayo and vice versa, "igrama" - oku "ulwimi nkqubo 'yaye' isebe Ezolimi";

7) kunye iziganeko, iziganeko zentlalo-nxaxheba bayo: "Le nkomfa iya kubanjelwa ngoJuni," yaye "Le Nkomfa kuvunyelwene ukubaluleka isigqibo";

8) kunye neziko nohlelo lwezentlalo kwizakhiwo, wokuhlangana abasebenzi balo, "le mveliso wahlabela mgama ugwayimbo" yaye "mveliso yokulungisa";

9) kunye inxenye yonke, kunye vice versa, "eliphakathi" - "iziqhamo" yaye "umthi '(the transfer of isihloko yinxalenye yonke ekuthiwa synecdoche - ityala ekhethekileyo tiga);

10) kunye kwimeko ethile emphefumlweni kwi ingcambu unobangela "eyoyikekayo 'yakhe -" isiganeko esibi "yaye" ukoyika ";

11) Igama lombhali sinokutshintshwa lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela isimbo wadala, umfuziselo, okanye imisebenzi yakhe: - ". Igama inkosi" "ukushicilela, funda zikaTolstoy" Bull "ifanitshala kunye uhlobo yomhombiso" yaye

tiga njalo

Tiga, ebonisa intsebenziswano kwengqiqo, iindidi, kunye / okanye izinto, luba rhoqo xa kudala imifuziselo lwesemantiki kweentlobo-lizwi ukubunjwa kunye namagama antsonkothileyo, ngokufuthi yokudibanisa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo lwamaxabiso: isiganeko, olubonisa, kwisifundo (ngokuphathekayo abstract). Umzekelo, amagama amanyathelo zisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuchaza ezinye iqumrhu kubangela ( "umsebenzi", "umsebenzi", "ibali", "solution", "isakhiwo").

suffix Upelo neempawu

Ukuba ukudluliselwa analogical yenziwa rhoqo phakathi uhlobo elithi-ukwakha, ngenxa yayo ibe Isimamva Upelo neempawu endaweni zeendawana (thelekisa, umzekelo, ixabiso efana izimamva ngomlomo -enie, -anie). Unxulumano kwezinye izinto kwi adjacency kunye kufutshane iingqiqo ubhalo similise amaxabiso namathelwano. Tiga olu hlobo kufeza ethile injongo - yesivakalisi, kwaye uyalenza igalelo kuphuhliso iindlela zolwimi lungelelanisa.

Yintoni ebangela tiga

Yenza indlela ye ezityhutyhayo of utshintshwano ezahlukeneyo syntagmatic. Ezenzeka rhoqo ngokusekelwe izindululo okanye amabinzana tiga, oko kubangelwa ekuthiwa umbhalo okweqanda ukwehla igcina idla ngokuba yinxenye iqondo iimeko zayo elilinganiselweyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngaphandle kokudala ixabiso elitsha eyinqontsonqa elindelweyo ezizimeleyo, umzekelo: "Kule myuziyam kukho ezimbini Van Gogh" (elithetha "ezimbini kaMnu van Gogh "), kodwa aninako uthi:" Xa lowo van Gogh wawubonisa ibhinqa eliselula ".

Unxibelelwano nomongo

Ikhonkco kakhulu eqinileyo kunye umongo a tiga onjalo (imizekelo ngolwimi Russian, bona ngezantsi), apho ukwalathelwa imeko elinikiweyo, ngokusekelwe njengesivisa, lincitshiswe kuphela okwicandelwana Amaxabiso into: "Yintoni le nto -" Intliziyo (intloko, amazinyo, umqala) "- elithetha" iba buhlungu intliziyo (intloko, amazinyo, umqala). Oku kuphela kwiimeko ezithile lwesemantiki kunye syntactic. Ngoko ke, ezinye intsingiselo efihlakeleyo (imizekelo - i "intliziyo," "intloko") ayikwazi ukudityaniswa izenzi yenkqubo kunye nezichazi, esicacisa uhlobo sifo nentlungu. Asikwazi athi "(ngile, etsolo) intliziyo namandla" okanye "Intliziyo kuxhotyiwe (lalibi, waqinisa)." Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso ukutshintshwa adjacency akukho kuqiniseka ngokuzimeleyo imeko isiqulatho lwesemantiki zentetho. Sisebenza njengendlela utyhila ezahlukeneyo lwesemantiki ukusetyenziswa kwayo. intsingiselo zezafobe, imizekelo apho sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, ngokusondeleyo edibene nomxholo.

Njengoko tiga wasebenzisa

tiga elisetyenzisiwe (synecdoche rhoqo) njengoko yokwamkela lwemeko kudidi into ngu iinkcukacha zayo individualizing lwangaphandle. Proisllyustriruem iingcamango zethu. Thatha kwezi ngcebiso tiga, efana, 'Heyi, iindevu! "," Le umnqwazi efunda iphephandaba. " ukusetyenziswa okunjalo ifana yemvelaphi ebonisa kuyiphi - isichazi substantivized kunye isibizo, Wed. "Isilevu" yaye "elineentshebe", "elineentshebe". Olu hlobo tiga (imizekelo s luphi ulwimi -. Little Red Riding Hood, Little Longnose, njl) likholisa njengendlela yokudala amagama, eziteketiso.

Uphawu a iqela loluntu

Ukuba umba kuthiwa tiga, Zinjalo ngabantu abaninzi, kuthatha iingcambu ngolwimi kwaye njengoko nokonyulwa iqela elithile eluntwini, umzekelo, igama elithi "bast" lisenokuthetha ukuba umlimi Russian kwixesha pre-revolution. Kodwa tiga onjalo aka- denotative (lwesemantiki) uzinzo. Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zembali ebizwa ngokuba 'iindevu "lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela isilumko abantu, abalimi, iingangamsha, abadala, kunye neqela elithile labantu abatsha. imizekelo tiga ngolwimi Russian, oko nje okhankanywe, yinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu.

Syntactic isikhundla tiga

Ukusetyenziswa kulo mzila (synecdoche, ikakhulu) ngokuyintloko libhekisela kumxholo intetho kudibanisa kunye indawo syntactic lwesifundo, unyango kunye nezongezelelo. Njengoko Isivisa xabiso lobume le adjacency nto ingaqhelekanga, kuba akukho nto ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi olubonakalisa. Ukuba neempawu ezisetyenziswa isivisa, oko uguqulwa isikweko, njenge "umnqwazi" - i "bungler", "Shoe" - ". Owowonakalisa, umntu owalupheleyo" Ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kwixabiso isivisa partitive ukhonza ngokubanzi iinjongo aspektizatsii isifundo akujongwa kwiimeko ezininzi njengoko ukudluliselwa adjacency. Makhe ukucacisa incopho yethu. Qwalasela oku: "Yena waba ingqondo nemvukelo" - libhekisela uphawu kumba othile loo mntu, ukuba ube ngqo - ubuntu bakhe yengqondo.

Synecdoche alisetyenziswa izivakalisi ebomini, okanye ezilingana zabo, nto leyo angenise kwisifundo ehlabathini kwebali. Umzekelo asikwazi, ukuqala ibali kunye amagama afana :. Xa kwakukho (enye, ezinye) Red Riding Hood "Lo ukusetyenziswa alubonwanga njengomfuziselo umntu, ibe ngumfuziselo sifundo.