Theory zokwenziwa of Evolution

Theory zokwenziwa of Evolution wadalwa ngenxa yokunxulumana kwiminyaka engama-20 ngemvelo, imizila yemfuza kaDarwin. Namhlanje, loo nto ithathwa kakhulu epheleleyo yaphuhliswa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo. imfundiso Synthetic izinto zazivelela eziqulethwe yemfuzo abantu bamandulo kaDarwin.

Owokuqala ukwazisa indlela yemfuza yaba Chetverikov Sergey. Ngowe-1926 wapapasha inqaku apho zazivelela wobomi (kwezinye iinkalo) kuye kwaxutyushwa ukusuka kwinqanaba imbono ngayo imizila yemfuza. Xa umsebenzi wakhe Chetverikov wazisa amalungiselelo eziliqela. Njengoko umzekelo kubo abemi yendalo Drosophila wathathwa. Ngoko ke, lo nzulu wafumana oku kulandelayo:

1. Kwezakhi kwindalo kwenzeka rhoqo.
2. utshintsho sofuzo nga ungangeni ngokungenammiselo zikarhulumente heterozygous.
3. Nge ukuguquka yande kwi uhlobo olufanayo iimpawu na ozithukululeyo ekuhambeni kwexesha (njengoko bekhula).
4. Imiba engundoqo interspecies umahluko ezi ukwahluka yemfuza nesizungu.
5. Panmixia (zibuko free) kukhokelela polymorphism nokukhetha - a monomorphism lweentlobo.

Ithiyori thaca Chetverikov, libonisa ukuba beqokelela esebenzisa izakhi random igalelo yokwalathisa olwenziwayo, malunga khosi kuphuhliso. Ukuqhubeka uphuhliso lokufundisa zemfuza Russian ezifana Romashov, Timofeev Resovskii Vavilov, Dubinin kunye nabanye. Imisebenzi yale kunye namanye amanani kwasekwa indawo apho ingcamango zokwenziwa of izinto zazivelela.

Ngonyaka wama-30 ka-Wright Holdeymsa, Fischer wabeka isiseko kuphuhliso yokufundisa kwi-West.

Omnye imisebenzi yokuqala apho ingcamango zokwenziwa of yendaleko, kubume bayo, a ngodaba Dobzhansky wabekwa phambili imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo kunye imizila yemfuza. Kweli phepha ingqalelo ijolise wafunda indlela kwamanani genetic kwenkqubo ngokungqinelana yempembelelo imiba eyahlukeneyo. Imiba, ingakumbi, iquka Ukwahluka yemfuza, i ukuhla nokunyuka kwenani labantu ngokwemigaqo abemi ezahlukeneyo, ukufuduka. A impembelelo enkulu noonobangela yendaleko kunye bodwa enzala zimiswe ngaphakathi iintlobo ngeendlela ezintsha.

Ingaba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso efundisa Schmalhausen. Ngokungqinelana ne union okudala embryology, kwemvelo, kwesayensi, morphology kunye yemfuza, izazinzulu ziye zenziwa kwi-olunzulu uphando ratio phylogeny kunye ontogeny, wabancina iintsingiselo eziphambili kwi kwindaleko yaye liphuhlise inani amalungiselelo angundoqo e-worldwork theory mihla.

Phakathi ebalulekileyo uphando esisiseko ngumsebenzi Huxley, "Evolution. Le njini mihla". Of ke kubaluleke kakhulu aba isifundo ngeentlobo amazinga nophuhliso eyenziwe Simpson.

theory Synthetic isekelwe phezu postulates ezinkulu elinanye. Zabo kanje zavela Vorontsov.

1. Imizila yemfuza, utshintsho njengoko ezincinane obubobu kwi ufuzo kuthathwa izinto yokuzivelela ukuba ingakhethi.
2. Main, ukusa kumkhamo othile, nkqu entendeni kwakungamandla awayeqhuba emva uphuhliso uthathwa ukuba ukhetho yendalo, nto leyo esekelwe phezu ukhetho izakhi ezincinane random.
3. Le yunithi incinane ithathwa njenge parameters kusenzeka.
4. Development iye kwezidalwa (ngcembe) kunye nohlobo ngokuqhubekayo.
5. View iquka iiyunithi ezininzi owayamileyo kwaye ngexesha elinye distinguishable (morphologically, zemfuza kwaye physiologically), kodwa hayi reproductively ekwanti.
6. Evolution ufuna iimpawu divergence.
7. izakhi Feed (alleles nincokole) kuvunyelwa kuphela oluthile lwento. Kule nkalo, oko (a uhlobo) kuthathwa ukuba sibe nenkqubo ehlanganisiweyo kunye zemfuza avaliweyo.
8. Uhlobo iipropati zingaqhagamshelwanga azisebenzi iifom zivelisa asexually yi parthenogenesis kunye.
9. Kwemvelo kwenzeka microevolutionary.
10. taxon Real linentsusa monofiliticheskoe (libhekisela uhlobo izinyanya enye).
11. Evolution yinkqubo akucingeleki, iye indalo non-owenza le njongo.