Tajikistan: inkcazo, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho yabemi. Tajikistan, eSoviet Union

The Republic of Tajikistan - lizwe lincinci e Central Asia, ummandla 142 lamawaka macala M.. km. 1991 kwaba yinxalenye eSoviet Union njengoko Tajik yiSoviet Socialist Republic. It has a nomda Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan kunye neTshayina. Iminyaka 25 yokugqibela apho geqe. Ukhokela intsebenziswano ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho kunye Russia.

Tajikistan - lilizwe uyangeneka, nto idume iziqhamo zayo kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo. Capital - Dushanbe. Lelona sixeko sikhulu kwaye ibalulekileyo kwiikota kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, zenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Okwangoku, ulikhaya-9% yabantu bebonke.

ingcaciso emfutshane

Tajikistan 3 mmandla. Sughd ise kumantla elo lizwe. Iziko lwengingqi - kwisixeko Khujand (owayekade Leninabad). kummandla Khatlon - yile ndawo kumzantsi-ntshona weli lizwe. isixeko Regional - Kurgan-Tube. kwimimandla esempuma Tajikistan simanyene Gorno-Badakhshan Ukuzilawula Region. It Pamir, inkulu kule ndawo kwaye kakhulu nokuthozama inani labantu bendawo. Ukongeza, 3 nezinye izixeko kunye kwezinye iindawo babe ngaphantsi republic.

Nature and Climate

Isimo sezulu yezwekazi. Landlocked akunjalo, ngokulandelelana, umoya owomileyo, kukho iziphango uthuli, apho kudla abaphethwe nabantu basekuhlaleni. Tajikistan, okanye mandithi nommandla wayo, 93% yenziwe entabeni elimi ngayo. Endaweni yayo kukho iintaba eziphakamileyo, ifakiwe kule nkqubo: i Tien shan, Gissar-Alai kunye Pamirs. Ngenxa umahluko lobushushu umphakamo zahluke kakhulu. Nangona phantsi ezihlanjeni yobushushu ifikelela 50 ^{° C,} m ngaphezulu kwama-4000 badla alale umkhenkce obungunaphakade nekhephu. Kukho imilambo ezininzi zivela.

amanzi emhlabeni

Imilambo inkulu Tajikistan - Vakhsh, Panj, Zeravshan, Syr, Kafirnigan. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo amanzi ngenxa lizwe. Kwakhona, badla benza ngokuloba nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Tajikistan sisityebi emachibini. A Inani elikhulu kubo zifumaneka ezintabeni. Amachibi benziwa ngenxa landslides. Eli chibi likhulu - Sarez kunye Jashilkul. Ukuba ezi machibi ezintle umngcipheko owuthandayo edumileyo kubakhenkethi - iintaba Fan (Gissar uluhlu). I inkulu kubo, Lake Iskanderkul, ikhuselwe njenge yolondolozo lwendalo. Ukongeza, i-Syr Darya kunye Vashhe wadala amadama ngumntu: Kairakkum, Farkhad neNtloko Lake.

izityalo ezahlukeneyo buzinze iintili emlanjeni kunye elunxwemeni chibi. Oku ikakhulu nengca kunye namatyholo, imithi zikholisa ukuphuma ludlolo, ezingeyo ihlathi ashinyeneyo. 4% kuphela intsimi Tajikistan kaThixo ehlanganiswa amahlathi.

labantu

Tajikistan ngoku ahlala edyokhweni. Bebonke ke abantu malunga 8.6 million. kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zinabantu ngaphezu ezidolophini. Kwaye kukho abo basezilalini apho kungekho umbane ndawonye, kwaye kukho iingxaki ezininzi ngamanzi.

isimo sezizwe. Tajiks - umphakathi zomthonyama. Tajikistan waba yokuzalwa ukuba beentlanga efana Pamirs kunye yagnobtsy. inani lawo elipheleleyo yi malunga ne-85% (kunye Tajiks). Emva inani labantu kuthathwa ukuba Uzbeks (14%). Ezinye iintlanga ngaphantsi kude. Russian malunga-1% kuphela usele e Tajikistan.

Qha edyokhweni kakhulu ezisasaziweyo. Umzekelo, i-Ukuzilawula kwiNgingqi Gorno-Badakhshan igubungela 45% yommandla, yaye uhlala lingaphantsi kwe-3% yabantu iyonke kwiriphabliki.

uphuhliso loqoqosho

The Republic of Tajikistan ngeempawu zoqoqosho ezinxulumene kumazwe amahlwempu, nangona amandla ilizwe yeyabahlali. Ezintabeni ziqulathe ezininzi iidipozithi zinhanha kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Ubukrelekrele lwabo wenza kwamaxesha Soviet ukususela 1971 ukuya 1990. Ingxaki kukuba lo mmandla weentaba sinzima, umbutho yemveliso kufuna utyalo-mali ezibalulekileyo kunye neendlela ezilungileyo.

Road - yingxaki enkulu Tajikistan. Omkhulu republic Dushanbe-Chanak de kutshanje sayihamba abapasileyo ezimbini intaba - kunye Anzob Shahristan. Ke kaloku kukho imigudu kuhlatywa, yaye ngoncedo amaTshayina wenza-high speed umkhondo enkulu. Le abagqithela zivaliwe ebusika, akukho awusekho imiqobo kunxibelelwano. Ngaphantsi kule ndlela kukuba lihlawulwe, kwaye akukho ndlela enye. Kungenxa yoko le nto abemi lizwe lifumana kobunzima obuninzi ngexesha zokuhamba.

Ezinye iindlela e Tajikistan zikwimeko kakubi. Esi salathisi elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe kunye, Kakade ke, umgangatho wokuphila nabantu basekuhlaleni. Uninzi lwezi ndlela ekuye walungiswa ukususela kumaxesha Soviet, ukuba ngamaceba kuphela eliyingozi iinkumbulo asphalt.

Ukusebenza-oluntu kunokuba ukusebenza ekhaya, waya kusebenza, ikakhulu eRashiya. imali efunyenwe nto ayizange isetyenziswe kutyalo-mali kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla.

7% emazweni tyaba engenayo iintaba, abantu balapha hlakulela umqhaphu, icuba, iinkozo, imifuno kunye neziqhamo. Isabelo imfuyo encinane.

ukhenketho

Iinkalo intaba Tajikistan umtsalane kubakhenkethi abaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Pamir aphezulu ntaba, xa incopho Somoni ethile (kwincopho nobuKomanisi), ebukekayo, ezifudumeleyo lula Fann iintaba, amatye neentlambo Intaba Imidlalo baziswa kakhulu abakhenkethi akude amazwe. Okwangoku, kwiilali ezininzi zisebenza izindlu guest ekhethekile apho abakhenkethi nokuba ukuthatha ishawa eshushu, nto leyo kule ndawo zinqabile. Abahlali balapha banobubele kakhulu kwaye eluncedo, ukhumbula ngokufudumeleyo neziyolo ubomi eSoviet Union.

Tajikistan - ilizwe ethembisa kakhulu, oko Kulusizi ukuba ngelixa ubutyebi bayo ukuhlala kuphela eninzi isakhono, ochaphazela kakhulu umgangatho nabantu basekuhlaleni.