Paul Yablochkov: engobomi emfutshane, iifoto, njengeyabo. Ivula Yablochkov Pavel Nikolayevich

Namhlanje Kunzima ukucinga ukuba igama elithi "yombane 'wayengazi yonke malunga neminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. Zesayensi eyayivavanywa akukho lula ukufumana nguvulindlela, kokubini theory. Kwiincwadi nezibhaliweyo, Archimedes, Pythagoras theorem, theorem ekhatywayo nth ingcambu, inkqubo Copernican, ithiyori Einstein kaThixo, lwezakhi ... Kodwa igama lomntu lowo owavela ukukhanya yombane, ukwazi oko akubantwini bonke.

Ngubani na odale igutyana yeglasi kweenwele ngentsimbi ngaphakathi - ibhalbhu? Akukho lula ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Ngapha koko, eli qambo sibhekiselele izazinzulu elinesibini. Nezikhundla zabo - Pavel Yablochkov, imbali emfutshane inikwa kweli nqaku. Le Umsunguli Russian ohluka nje kuphela ukukhula (198 cm), kodwa isebenza. umsebenzi wakhe wabeka isiseko ukukhanyisa ugesi. Akukho nto ekuhlaleni lwezenzululwazi usenayo onegunya le Umphandi njengoko Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. Oko wasungula nto? Impendulo yalo mbuzo, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinomdla ngoPawulos Nikolaevich, uya kufumana kweli nqaku.

Imvelaphi, iminyaka yemfundo

Xa uPawulos Yablochkov (photo ngasentla kubonisa kuye) wazalwa, kwingingqi iVolga waba ikholera. Abazali bakhe bayazoyika ulwandle olukhulu, ngoko akazange eve umntwana ecaweni ukubhaptizwa. Xa mbali ezingento bazama ukufumana igama Yablochkov kwiirekhodi ecaweni. Abazali bakhe baba abanini ezincinane, nobuntwana uPawulos Yablochkov badlula cwaka, kwindlu Manor enkulu kunye namagumbi nesiqingatha engenanto, mezzanine nemiyezo.

Xa uPawulos wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, waya kufunda kwi Saratov yokuzilolonga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iminyaka 4 phambi UNikolai Chernyshevsky, utitshala freethinker, walishiya eli ziko eSt Petersburg yeCadet lweSizwe. Paul Yablochkov wafunda esikolweni ixesha elide. Emva kwexesha elithile, intsapho yakhe wahlwempuzeka kakhulu. Kule meko wayengomnye - umsebenzi wamajoni, apho sele ukhona sesiko lasekhaya. Yaye uPawulos waya Yablochkov Pavlovsky kwibhotwe lokumkani St. Petersburg, leyo kuthiwa Mikhailovsky Inqaba egameni labahlali yayo.

Yablochkov - engineer zomkhosi

iphulo Sevastopol ngeli xesha sele kutsha nje kwixa elidlulileyo (ngaphantsi kwe nkqu elishumi). Ebonakalisa umatiloshe unesibindi, kwakunye ubugcisa ophezulu zokuzifaka apha ekhaya. Engineering Military ngaloo minyaka kwaba ngokomrhumo. Jikelele EI Totleben, eyaduma ngexesha iCrimea beMfazwe, ngokobuqu kwandikhuthaza Engineering School, nto leyo ngoku bafunda Pavel Yablochkov.

Ibali lobomi bakhe iphawulwe le minyaka abahlala endlwini yabahambi Cesar inc'a, injineli-jikelele, ababefundisa kwesi sikolo. Kwaba italente, kwaye unesiphiwo ngakumbi umqambi nomculo mhlalutyi. amaculo akhe kunye opera siphile namhlanje. Mhlawumbi ezi iminyaka kwikomkhulu, kwaba bavuyayo for Pavel Nikolayevich. Kuye akukho zilungisiwe, iye ungekabikho kubathengi futhi amatyala. ukuqonda Enkulu alikafiki kuye, kunjalo, kunye nokuphoxeka, ngubani kamva bazalisa ubomi bakhe, kodwa kwakungenjalo.

Ukucuthwa wokuqala Yablochkov xa emva kokuphumelela kokuba unyuselwe sombutho yesibini ngokuthumela inkonzo kwi yesihlanu Sapper webutho, ubhekisela Kiev enqabeni ikampu. Người nomkhosi, lowo wadibana Pavel, waba efanayo kancinci ukuya lokudala, umdla injineli ubomi abo waphupha ngaye eSt Petersburg. Military of Yablochkov akazange ukusebenza: kamva ngonyaka wayeka "ngenxa yokugula".

Ekumazini lokuqala ngombane

Emva kweli xesha usakhathazwa yaqala ebomini Pavel Nikolayevich. Noko ke, avule esinye isiganeko yajika kubaluleke kakhulu Isiphelo sakhe. Konyaka emva kokuba ukuyeka ngesiquphe livela kwakhona kwi Army Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov. Biography ke wahamba ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ...

Abaqambi elizayo baqeqeshwa kwi kwiziko galvanic zobuGcisa. Apha ulwazi lwakhe kwicandelo 'galvanism kunye ubutsalane "(elithi" yombane' besesitshilo nje, akazange ayikho) lwandiseni lenze nzulu. iinjineli edumileyo izazinzulu abaselula abaselula, ezifana hero yethu, ujikeleza phakathi primerivayas ebomini, besinga, ukukhangela into, ngaba de zonke ngequbuliso angakufumani khangele oko. Ke akukho isilingo ayikwazanga kubakhokelela zingalahlekanga. Ngokufanayo, uPavel oneminyaka eli-22 ubudala wafumana ubizo lwakhe - umbane. Wahlulela ubomi bakhe Yablochkov wakhe Pavel Nikolaevich. Ezisungulwe nguye, zonke enxulumene kunye nombane.

Jobs e Moscow, ukuba ukuhlangana nabantu abatsha

Ekugqibeleni Pavel ushiya umkhosi. Waya eMoscow yaye kungekudala waya inkonzo yolawulo yocingo Railway (Moscow-Kursk). Apha ekuchithweni kwayo ilabhoratri, ungakwazi sele khangela ezinye, nangona iingcamango nangoku ndithule. Pavel libutho lumanyanisa iinzululwazi olomeleleyo yezenzululwazi. E Moscow, ufunda lo mboniso Polytechnique nje ukuvulwa oku. Inikeza kwimpumelelo ezintsha nezixhobo zasekhaya. In Yablochkov kuvela nabo, abahlobo, owathi, njengaye, iintlantsi abanothando electric - ezincinane umbane eyenziwe! Nomnye wabo, Glukhov Didenko, uPavel ugqiba ukuvula "ishishini" lakhe. Sithetha yocweyo lombane jikelele.

Ukufudukela eParis, lomenzi ikhandlela

Nangona kunjalo, i "kunokubangela 'of wakhala yabo. Oku kungenxa nabasunguli abazizithulu Yablochkov ababa noosomashishini. Ukwenzela ukuphepha entolongweni onetyala kaThixo, Pavel Nikolayevich ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1876, e-Paris, wafumana igunya "electric ikhandlela" Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. Ukuveliswa oku kwakungayi kuba xa ukuba impumelelo yangaphambili kwinzululwazi. Ngoko ke, sixelele ngokufutshane ngabo.

izibane History ku Yablochkov

Senza nje umlando kuphambuko ozinikezele imidlalo ezincinane ukuchaza fyabo ubalulekileyo Yablochkov, ngaphandle kokuba ngexesha elifanayo ehlathini zobugcisa. Isibane yokuqala itotshi. Iye yaziwe eluntwini ukususela kumaxesha kokubhalwa kwembali. Ngoko (to Yablochkov) yasungulwa itotshi yokuqala, ngoko kukho isibane oyile, njl - ikhandlela emva komzuzwana - isibane separafini, kwaye ekugqibeleni, a lantern igesi. Zonke ezi izibane, ngeyantlukwano yabo yonke, simanyene ngumgaqo omnye: ngaphakathi kubo into ukutshisa xa zidityaniswe ne-oksijini.

Ukusungulwa arcing

VV Petrov, isazinzulu abanetalente Russian owathi ngo-1802 yachaza amava ukusetyenziswa lweziqalelo galvanic. Le Umsunguli lifumene i arc yombane, wadala kukhanya okwenziwe kuqala ehlabathini zombane. Umphezulu ukukhanya bendalo. Ngayo kudala kwaziwa ebantwini, enye into kukuba abantu baqonde uhlobo yayo.

Ukuthobeka Petrov akayi kuthunyelwa umsebenzi obhalwayo in Russian. On nto yayisaziwa eYurophu, elide ngoko ke uzuko lokuvula arc athethwa yemichiza Davy, lo usomachiza IsiNgesi odumileyo. Kakade ke, wayesazi nto ngokufikelela Petrova. Waphinda amava wakhe emva kweminyaka 12 ogama lakhe behlonipha Volta arc, yamachiza odumileyo evela eItali. Loo nto inika umdla Volta A. kakhulu ngayo nanto yakwenza.

izibane Arc nezingeloncedo ezinxulumene nawo

Ukuvulwa sesayensi Russian kunye IsiNgesi wanika yokukhawulezisa ukuvela arc ngokwesiseko ezintsha izibane, zombane. Basondela electrode ezimbini, arc ndabanekelwa waza wabonakala ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo. Nangona kunjalo, lo sithintelo kukuba electrode carbon batshiswa emva kwexesha elithile, ukwandisa therebetween umgama. Ekugqibeleni, le arc wafa ngaphandle. Kwafuneka ukuba ngokuqhubekekayo ndawonye i electrode. Ngoko kwakukho umehluko ezahlukeneyo, ixesha, isandla kunye nezinye iindlela ukulungiswa, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kufuneka egadiwe. Kucacile ukuba isibane ngamnye kule hlobo yaba buyinto emangalisayo.

Isibane yokuqala yale igqengezelayo nezingeloncedo yayo

French Isazinzulu Zhobar ukusetyenziswa ecetywayo ukukhanyisa yale igqengezelayo iingcingo zombane, hayi arc. Shanzhi, compatriot wakhe, izame ukwenza isibane. AN Lodygin, umsunguli Russian bayizisa 'ingqondo. " Wadala lo eewathi ibhalbhu yokuqala ukukhanya, ubulungeleyo zokuzilolonga. Kodwa core coke ngaphakathi kuba ethe-ethe kakhulu, noxhamla ubuncwane. Ngaphezu koko, ngo igutyana yeglasi kwakukho lwepolitiki asanelanga, nangona kunjalo aqhumisele ngokukhawuleza ngentonga. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1870s kwi isibane nakalyvaniya wagqiba ekubeni abeke emnqamlezweni. Nabasunguli nibuye babuyela arc. Kungelo xesha awathi uPawulos wabonakala bullseye.

ikhandlela electric

Ngelishwa, thina asazi ukuba wenza i khandlela. Mhlawumbi ingcinga Kwathi xa Pavel ubunzima kunye nabalawuli Bazimisela ke isibane arc. Kuba okokuqala kwimbali bakwaloliwe sele ifakiwe kwi kuloliwe (Uloliwe ezizodwa, bona babemlandele kwi eCrimea kunye Tsar Alexander II). Mhlawumbi umzingeli arc, ngequbuliso walitshisa studio wakhe, yena otshonileyo umphefumlo. Kukho banentsomi ukuba kukho cafe Paris ngempazamo Yablochkov wabeka ecaleni iipensile ezimbini ecaleni phezu kwetafile. Kwaye ngoko kwasa kum: andinalo nto ukutsala kunye! Vumela electrode olandelayo, emva kokuba yokwambathisa fuse, ukutsha kwi arc lusekiwe phakathi kwabo. Ngoko ke, i electrode litshise mfutshane ngexesha elinye! Njengoko bathi, bonke brilliant - nje.

Kanye ikhandlela Yablochkov ndiloyisile ihlabathi

Yablochkov yekhandlela kwisixhobo yayilula ngokwenene. Nantsi ke inzuzo yakhe enkulu. Abathengisi andiluqondi yeteknoloji ekhoyo kwintsingiselo yalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto isibane Yablochkov ngesantya ibonwe ndiloyisile ihlabathi. ekunokuboniswa kuyo yokuqala yaqhutyelwa entwasahlobo ka-1876 e-London. Pavel, kutsha nje iye ubalekile amatyala, wabuyela eParis sele kwaziwa ukuba abaqambi. Campaign Operation patents abangabakhe apho ngephanyazo.

mveliso ekhethekileyo lasekwa leyo yavelisa amawaka-8. amakhandlela yonke imihla. Baba yimbalasane iivenkile odumileyo Paris kunye neehotele, i weembaleki zangaphakathi kunye opera, lo kwizibuko Le Havre. izibane wembali wabonakala phezu Opera esitratweni - an mbono nanto, a nentsomi ngokwenene. On imilebe wonke yaba "ihlabathi Russian". Baya Ekubeni omnye oonobumba P. I. Chaykovsky. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev naye wabhala ukusuka eParis kumzalwana wakhe uPawulos Yablochkov wasungula into entsha ngokupheleleyo zokukhanya. Pavel ngokuziqhenya wathi kamva ukuba umbane saa kulo lonke ihlabathi ngenxa eyinkunzi French kwaye kwinkundla uKumkani Cambodia kwaye i Shah wasePersi, yaye hayi vice versa - ukusuka Melika ukuya eParis, njengoko kusitshiwo.

"Ukuphela" amakhandlela

izinto ezimangalisayo kwaphawula imbali nenzululwazi! Zokukhanya yonke zombane zehlabathi, elikhokelwa P. N. Yablochkovym malunga neminyaka emihlanu ngoloyiso ashukunyiswe, enyanisweni, phezu lilize, endleleni engalunganga. kuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu amakhandlela mbhiyozo, kwakunye nokuzimela zemali Yablochkov. Candle nje "alukapheli", kodwa wayengakwazi ukuma ukhuphiswano kunye nezibane zigqengezelayo. Negalelo kule ukuphazamiseka enkulu abenayo. Le ukuncitshiswa kwindawo ezikhanyayo kwinkqubo yokutsha, kunye ubu.

Kakade ke, umsebenzi Swann, Lodygina, Mxim, Edison kunye nezinye nabasunguli Nernst isibane yale igqengezelayo, ke, akazange nangoko ukubonisa uluntu iingenelo zayo. Auer ngo-1891, wabeka ikepusi yakhe zisiza igesi. Le cap kwandisa njengokukhazimla yokugqibela. Nalapho ke, kubekho iimeko apho abasemagunyeni bagqiba endaweni irhasi izibane ezifakwe zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha ubomi Pavel Nikolayevich kwacaca ukuba ikhandlela kwemoto kubo lithemba. Yintoni isizathu sokuba igama umdali i "ihlabathi Russian 'ukuba namhlanje emaqanda ebhaliwe kwimbali inzululwazi, kwaye ngaphezu kwekhulu engqongwe intlonelo nembeko?

Meaning kwasungulwa Yablochkov

Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich kuqala ezivunyiweyo ezingqondweni ukukhanya yombane. Isibane, leyo izolo kuphela lwalunqabile kakhulu, namhlanje yeza umntu saphela ukuba abe uhlobo ummangaliso phesheya, ukweyisela abantu bonwabile ikamva labo. Imbali ovuthuzayo kwaye obufutshane yale qambo negalelo ngesisombululo iingxaki ezininzi ngokucofa yeneengxaki netheknoloji ixesha.

I ngakumbi biography of Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov

Pavel waphila ubomi elifutshane, ekube wonwabe kakhulu. Emva kokuba uPawulos Yablochkov wasungula kwesibane sakhe, waza wasebenza nzima kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Noko ke, akukho namnye impumelelo kwakhe okwalandela azichaphazeleki kangaka inkqubela kwezobugcisa, Nesibane sakhe. imisebenzi emininzi Pavel wazibeka phezu ekudalweni log yokuqala zombane kwilizwe lethu ebizwa ngokuba 'Electricity'. Waqala waphuma 1880. Ukongeza, 21 Matshi 1879 Pavel kufunda ingxelo Izibane zombane kwi Russian Technical Society. Yena wawongwa ngembasa ye-Society for impumelelo yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ezi iimpawu baba anele Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov banikwa iimeko zokusebenza kakuhle. Abaqambi waqonda ukuba umva Russia 1880 umda kangako ekusebenziseni izimvo zalo zobugcisa. Omnye wabo ngokuveliswa iimoto zombane, leyo zakhiwa Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. biography emfutshane ngaye kwakhona waphawula kuthuthelwa Paris. Xa ebuya apho ngowe-1880, wathengisa lomenzi ukuya ugesi, waza waqalisa amalungiselelo, zigcinelwe okokuqala inxaxheba kwi-World mboniso electrotechnical. Umqala wamantla ayo kwahlelwa ukuba 1881. Ekuqaleni kulo nyaka, wazinikela ngokupheleleyo kuyilo Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich.

biography emfutshane sisazinzulu iya ukuba Yablochkov qambo kwi mboniso ngo-1881, wafumana imbasa ephezulu. Bona bafanelwe ukubalulwa nangaphandle yokhuphiswano. igunya lakhe phezulu, kunye Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich waba lilungu labagwebi ngamazwe, umsebenzi yayo ukuphonononga imiboniso kunye nesigqibo ekunikweni ngamabhaso. Kufuneka ke ukuba kanye lo mboniso ube obunje izibane zigqengezelayo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kukho iintlantsi zombane kuxhaphaka ekuqaleni ukuba Alenga.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo Yablochkov waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla iiseli electrochemical kunye ugesi - wokuphehla umbane. Indlela Pavel waba ngemisebenzi, nto olululo ngexesha lethu. Impumelelo oko kuvakalisa kwixesha elitsha Electrical Engineering. Yablochkov akazange wabuya waya emthonjeni ukukhanya. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, wenza iimoto eziliqela electric kwaye wafumana amalungelo abenzi phezu kwabo.

Le minyaka yokugqibela ubomi umsunguli

Kweli thuba ukususela 1881 ukuya 1893 Yablochkov kwenziwa amalinge zakhe iimeko eziphathekayo ezinzima, njalo. Wayehlala eParis, ngoku- ngokupheleleyo kwiingxaki yenzululwazi. Scientist ukuhlola ngobuciko, sebenzisa ezininzi iingcamango lwantlandlolo kumsebenzi wabo, behamba ngeendlela engalindelekanga kunye nesibindi kakhulu. Kakade ke, yena kuqala imeko ubugcisa, inzululwazi kunye noshishino ngelo xesha. I-dubulo, izinto ezo ezenzeka ngexesha experiments zaselebhu yakhe, phantse kuxabisa ubomi Pavel Nikolayevich. lomonakalo okusisigxina yobume bemali, kwakunye nesifo sentliziyo, apho inkqubela - konke oku kujongele phantsi ukuba imikhosi umsunguli. Emva kokunyamalala konyaka-elishumi elinamithathu, wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwilizwe lawo.

Pavel waya eRashiya ngoJulayi 1893, kodwa wagula kakhulu kwangoko emva kokufika kwakhe. Wafumana yakhe ifama ebaleka olungayi nethemba ukuphucula imeko yabo yemali. Ekunye nomfazi wakhe nonyana Pavel kuhlala Saratov ehotele. Waqhubekeka amalinge akhe naxa abagulayo beswele.

Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich, ukuvulwa leyo ngokuqinileyo ebhaliwe kwimbali inzululwazi, wabulawa sisifo sentliziyo eneminyaka engama-47 (ngo-1894), kwisixeko Saratov. izimvo zakhe kunye nemisebenzi lweZwekazi looMawokhulu abanekratshi.