Strait of Magellan. History of izovela

Strait of Magellan - ihlabathi entle komkhenkce nasemaweni, leyo yavulwa okokuqala udlule ukususela ngo-Oktobha 21 ukusa ngoNovemba 28, 1520. Kude kube ngoko, de lwakwakhiwa iPanama Canal, i Strait iye ibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi. De kube ngoku, wasebenzisa iinqanawa uhlanganise icala sisemazantsi Umzantsi Melika. Pacific Atlantic neelwandle uxhulumanisa ngelo xesha, Noko ke, le ndlela waya ezantsi ezimbalini engalindelekanga kunye ezintsonkothileyo. Kwezinye iindawo, i-Strait of Magellan uye waba mxinwa kakhulu, banikwa yimimoya namaza kunye nemisinga, ecanda oko kusenokuba engakhuselekanga. Kule mihla, umntu uyakwazi ukubona indawo enkulu leyo wabona bamazwe bakuqala. Ezininzi Iinkampani iza of America wacela ukwenza uhambo ecaleni odumileyo Strait nokuphonononga ngaselunxwemeni mihle, wayifulela ngamatye ezihambayo.

UFerdinand Magellan - esasihamba kunye discoverer, wazalwa kwintsapho elunge 1480. Wafumana imfundo yekhethelo, wayeyithanda ngeenkwenkwezi, wafunda cosmography kunye navigation. Ukususela ebutsheni bakhe, iphupha lakhe ngendlela entsha yavulekela "Spice Islands". Yena waba ngowokuqala abasungula le ngecebo hambo. Xa ukumkani Portuguese akazange akholiswe ngeenjongo zakhe, wagqiba ukuba acele inkxaso kumkani Spanish Charles V. Ngoko ke, ngo-1519 UFerdinand Magellan iinqanawa ezintlanu Spanish ngomkhombe ubukumkani. Navigator ze dela inkolelo yokuba ndaweni kukho enye eya eAsia, Western.

Le Usuku All Saints ' ngoNovemba 1520, kwisaqhwithi bayiqhuba baneenqanawa lexinene exineneyo, apho erhangqwe ngamatye ezihambayo. Ke elinye iqela ayikho nokuba uyazi kunzima kangakanani elinde uhambo kuye ukuba eze. Banduluka, badlula phantse 600 km. ngokusebenzisa lexinene, ogama yi Magellan "Strait of All Saints", yaye igama kamva uKumkani Spain kwi Strait of Magellan imbeko Umlawuli odumileyo nibe ngamakroti.

Kangangeminyaka emininzi, lo vulindlela yaba kumthetheli kuphela ikwazile Kwathi lexinene ngaphandle kokulahleka. Akukho namnye inqanawa yakhe kwaphuka. Kwakhona, nguye owokuqala abo bayiwelayo ukusuka Atlantic ZePasifiki.

Strait of Magellan yaba ixesha elide le ndlela imfutshane kunye nendlela urhwebo ebalulekileyo phakathi kunxweme olusentshona Melika naseYurophu. Ikoloni umhlaba wonxweme zange baphumelele, nangona Spain nje uzama ukufunda kule ndawo. ukunqongophala kokutya Acute kunye neemeko zemozulu ezinzima kukhokelela kwintlekele. Kuphela amazwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 waphumelela. Strait of Magellan elawulwa abasemagunyeni Chilean. Ngowe-1848 elasekwa apho isixeko kwizibuko Punta Arenas, apho phambi kokuvulwa ngowe-1914, i-Panama Canal wayengomnye mazibuko ibalulekileyo ehlabathini.

Strait ibekwe phakathi nemisinga yoMzantsi Merika kunye Nqabakazi ka Tierra del Fuego. Kubhaliwe ebekwe phantse ngokupheleleyo amanzi Chile, kuphela ngecala lasempumalanga bobabo Argentina. Ubude bayo 570 km yaye ububanzi - km 2 izithuba ezivaliweyo ukuya ku-20 km - kule isasazwe.

Esinye seziganeko libalulekileyo kwimbali kwenkulungwane XVI lihamba kuFerdinand Magellan. Ukuba akwazi ukungqina ukuba umhlaba ungqukuva. le ndinyana ukuvulwa Atlantic, kwaye abaMhlophe ngowokuqala ukuwela lwandle lude - i-Pacific. Kwakhona ngexesha hambo ka Columbus zaye wawancamisa ekuhleni iingcebiso ukuba ilizwe ohlala uninzi ngaphantsi komhlaba. Magellan wafumanisa ukuba yonke into kanye eyahlukileyo. Ushiye uphawu olukhulu kwimbali, ubuqhawe bakhe waxelisa nethandwayo. Onke amangenelo kolu hambo kwakhokelela A. Pigafetta, abathathe inxaxheba kolu hambo njengevolontiya. amanqaku yakhe yomlando luphawulwa ukuchana ntetho ekhatshwa neengcaciso ezizodwa.