Le sesakhiwo India yamandulo. Iimpawu lwemithombo of India yamandulo. kwiitempile India

India lelinye lamazwe ambalwa igcine ngokwesithethe, hayi kuphela ngokwemigaqo iimpahla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, kodwa bokwakha. Izithethe of India yamandulo zigcinwa phantse yonke into. Ukuze ubone oku, tyelela nje nasiphi na isixeko kweli lizwe. imigca Perfect ezifana idada kwizakhiwo emoyeni eyayifakwe - oku akafumaneki nangayiphi na inkcubeko. Architecture of India Ancient, Kakade ke, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka lowo kunokubonwa kwizixeko mihla. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, ukuba isiseko zonke sakhiwo, nokuba yinto ihotele elisetyenziswayo lomqhubekisi phambili okanye itempile.

Architecture of India njengenxalenye inkcubeko lizwe

AmaHindu yakudala indalo njengento nanto enkulu grand. Yile ukusebenza ngomhla art ngokubanzi kunye bokwakha ngokukodwa. ezikhumbuzo yaMandulo of India, nangona umonakalo ebonakalayo, bamangaliswa ubukhulu kunye yobuhlakani. interweaving Indissoluble kwihlabathi-bulumko ngomculo yavele etyeni - oku kanye oko kuthathwa ukuba Indian bokwakha eqhelekileyo. Uyavuma ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga ngaphandle India iitempile amandulo izakhiwo zebhotwe, ezihonjiswe imifanekiso, imizobo, uphahla aphezulu kunye iCathedral alekwe ngegolide.

Le sesakhiwo India yamandulo ukwadityaniswe ezingenakwahlulwa kunye iintshukumo zonqulo le karhulumente. Imifanekiso, nesigubungelo uninzi iindonga izakhiwo ezindala, na onokumxelela okuninzi malunga kwimbonakalo zamaNdiya, kwakunye ukufumanisa iimfihlelo zabo ezigwenxa.

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo izakhiwo Indian

Yintoni eyahlukileyo kwezinye izakhiwo India wamandulo? Ngokufutshane chaza iimpawu zayo banokuba la magama alandelayo: imilo, umbala kunye nemvisiswano ngokupheleleyo ezi zakhiwo kunye ezithile kunye monumentality. ingqalelo Kuninzi kuhlawulwa iinkcukacha labazobi ukugqiba: umhombiso phezu kodonga, eluphahleni nkqu phezu kwendlu. Ngenxa kule sakhiwo, esekhona zifana ntambo, nangona ubukhulu bayo. Oku kubonakala kakhulu xa ujonge ezintlafunweni nesixeko kude okanye emoyeni.

Iimpawu lwemithombo of India yamandulo Kwakhona sacral intsingiselo obekwayo zonke iinkcukacha zokwakha. neetempile zodidi ezakhiwe phezu isicwangciso esinye, echazwe iincwadi zonqulo. Kodwa nakuba kunjalo, yonke isakhiwo lizele ubuntu. Kwafa abantu ngaphandle iindawo obusezintongeni ezo imifanekiso iindonga BAS-isiqabu ziqulathe inkanuko, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezixhasayo ephambili uba uhlobo ibali malunga nobomi bemihla abalimi, ookumkani okanye oothixo.

Yintoni kwakhiwa e-India?

izinto zokwakha kuyo eIndiya yamandulo ukwakha izakhiwo, ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka kwindawo. Ngokuba counties esemantla waphawulwa ukusetyenziswa ilitye, isitena iinkuni, nangenxa ngasezantsi - iinkuni kunye iibhloko zodaka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, primary zokwakha izinto ukwakhiwa zazo kunye nezinye emaweni lekalika ngentsimbi. Kananjalo inkalo efanayo neetempile nomqolomba okuyo, leyo bahlabeka kwilitye monolithic. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Indiya izakhiwo yamandulo itempile imelwe kwizakhiwo ilitye nezakhiwo iinkuni Izitena nto zigcinwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni.

Indian isixeko samandulo

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo oko sokuyilwa of India yamandulo, ukuvumela ukufunyanwa iintsalela imizi Dholavira, Lothal, kunye Kalibangan Rahilvari. A layout eqhelekileyo kwezi abantu bamandulo Indiya, eziquka iinxalenye-3 (iShushan okanye inqaba, inxalenye ezisezantsi neziphezulu isixeko) isasetyenziswa nangoku ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo, kodwa yandile ezahlukeneyo kancinane. Ukuphonononga kwisiza yamandulo imizi India, abembi wayengakwazi kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba kweli lizwe kangangamawaka eminyaka kwabakho inyanda oluntu ngenxa ilungu ngokuphathelele ethile. Ngoko ke, ecaleni izindlu iShushan abazalwa nabanumzana bahlukaniswa kwidolophu asezantsi, apho wayehlala kwamagcisa kunye namahlwempu, udonga nemiphanda kabini.

ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kwezinye izixeko iimpawu ilifa Lothal - sesinye sezixeko zorhwebo ubalulekileyo kunxweme of India. Akamsalisela kwakukho ingekho kanye ndisembindini wesixeko, yaye umgama eliphezulu ukusuka elunxwemeni, kwaye umda phakathi komzi ephezulu nesezantsi yayibanjelwe umgca othe ngqo esitratweni ngokubanzi. Ukunqanda izikhukhula kwamakhaya, imi kufutshane emanzini, bakha kwiqonga ngezitena zodaka.

kwiitempile India

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba abo bafuna ukuba siqhelane isenzeko lwemithombo of India yamandulo, kuyimfuneko ukuba wenze oluya kwiitempile ibekwe kweli lizwe. Kwaye oku kuyinyaniso. isimbo zabo layout ayahlukanga zeminyaka emva 8 ukususela ekuqaleni nokubunjwa kwayo. Yintoni nguye phawu wabo? Okokuqala, ukuba icebo labo. Kungakhathaliseki indawo yayo nobukhulu, yonke iintlafuno Indiya iqulathe ezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Incipha (garbhabriha) - zingenafestile phantsi kunye omnye ephantsi-pass, nto leyo likwaneklinkhi engundoqo oqingqiweyo isithixo etempileni;
• Wiman - inqaba angqukuva okanye ifomu shpilevidnoy ezinde phezu engcwele;
• Kwathi emhlabeni engcwele - pradakshinapatha apho iindwendwe etempileni bafudukela ukwenza ngokudlula zamahenyu main etempileni;
• mukhamandapa - inyoba esincinane inxulumanisa ingcwele yetempile, kunye iholo yayo engundoqo, isetyenziswe njengendawo yokugcina izinto zonqulo kunye nehlelo, nemibingelelo;
• mandapa - igumbi, ephakathi ekungeneni engundoqo etempileni engcwele, kukho amarhamente ukwenza imisebenzi yenkolo;
• phambi yeetempile zikwindawo flagpoles eqingqiweyo ze yeendonga zokungqinga koothixo bonke babanqula (uthixo Vishnu - Garuda, Shiva - yenkomo Nandini, etc ...);
• eyadini etempileni kumgca omnye kunye nesango engundoqo ingcwele esi isibingelelo for imibingelelo;
• ndana ezinde eludongeni etempileni, isiseko apho adla isango okanye amanqugwala oothixo ezongezelelweyo Hewana (Lakshmi, Hanuman Subramanya et al.).

Nanamhla oku, zonke izimiso kokwakhiwa ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye linika indlu Indian ukuba lizigcine efanayo.

Kwezakhiwo olothusayo izakhiwo in India

yokuvelela yokwakha of Indian tempile kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukuzuza izigidi fans. Ukuze lokunciphisa ngokupheleleyo umoya Indiya yamandulo, kwi izakhiwo isigebenga aleleyo Kubalulekile ukutyelela iindawo ezithile ezizodwa. Ezi ziquka oluntsonkothileyo iitempile ezithathu Khajuraho, eziya kwahluka enye ngobuninzi eqingqiweyo ezinkulu nezincinane kwabasetyhini (apsaras kunye sura-sundari) ukuba kumiswe okomzuzwana, kodwa kungekudala kwakhona zakruzhatsya umdaniso. Bakhuphisane ne tempile kuba ngaphandle ukuba njengekhephu-emarmore emhlophe Ranakpur, zindanda kwi imiqolo 1444.

Eyona intle kwaye ngokwenene ihonjiswe itempile Indian yamandulo esasingakunxweme ngasentshona iGanges. Le 'itempile wegolide' kuphela eIndiya, ngokuba agqitywe baya phantse ton ngentsimbi ecocekileyo elixabisekileyo. Kodwa tempile engaqhelekanga kunye nobungangamsha ithathwa milind etempileni - oqingqiweyo kungena etempileni iliwa weNkosi Shiva. Nangona yokuba abakhi bayo zokwakha ezisetyenziswa izixhobo zamandulo, umhombiso kunye noyilo columns eqingqiweyo ngobambana ngobuqili yayo, nocoselelo ndandifeketha na.