UFabiano Caruana, umdlali we-American chess: i-biography, impumelelo yezemidlalo

UFabiano Caruana ngumdlali odumiweyo we-chess odlalela i-US, kodwa unezimpembelelo zaseNtaliyane. Waba ngumnye wabafundi abancinci kunabo bonke kwimbali. Ungumqhubi ophezulu kwi-chess, kunye nomviwa onokufumana ukunqoba kobuqili phantsi kwegama le-2016 Challenger Tournament.

Ji kelele

ICarano yaba enye yamanani adume kakhulu kwihlabathi le-chess kwiminyaka embalwa nje. Kwaye akukho nokuba loo nto yenze inkqubela phambili kwinani elidala-kwiminyaka engama-23 umdlali we chess uye wadlala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngomdlalo walo mdlalo, uMnn Maglus Carlsen, kunye nokuphikisana kwamacala omabini kwakunzima, okwakungeyinto engavamile kwimidlalo kunye ne-Champion World yamanje (Karlsen ).
Ndiyabulela kuqeqesho lwabaphathi abaninzi baseRashiya, kuquka u-Alexander Chernin, uBoris Zlotnik, uVladimir Chuchelov nabanye, uCarana wathola ubugcisa obuhle kwiminyaka yakhe.

Usapho

UFabiano Caruana wazalelwa eMiami, eFlorida ngo-1992 ngoJulayi 20. Le nkwenkwana yaba ngumntwana wesithathu kwintsapho emva komntakwabo nodade, kodwa ngekamva akazange alahlekelwe yinto nayiphi na into, kodwa wabagqitha kwimpumelelo yakhe.

Abazali bexesha elizayo elidlulileyo le-chess babengabantu abaqhelekileyo: uyise ungumMerika (ngoko ke indawo yokuzalwa kunye neyokuqala yokuhlala yeKaruana), kodwa umama wayengumSpaniard ovuthayo kunye nomoya ongenomonde wokuthabatha abantwana bakhe ekhaya ukuba abonise ilizwe Njengama-US, likhaya labo. Abazali bobabini babemthanda ngokufanayo umntwana omncinci kwaye bazama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuba bamnike amathuba okuphuhlisa ngokwabo: bamthabatha kwiindidi ezahlukileyo, ezemidlalo kunye nokudala, bathenga iincwadi baze baqhuba ingxoxo engundoqo kunye naye kuphela, kodwa ngokubanzi nabo bonke abantwana bakhe. Iimpawu zokuqala zeetalente zabonakala kwinkwenkwe nguyise. Nguye owathatha unyana wakhe kwiklabhu yakhe yokuqala ye-chess eBrooklyn.

Ubuntwana

Xa uFabiano encinane wayeneminyaka emine kuphela ubudala, intsapho yakhe yafudukela eBrooklyn. Intsapho yakhe yayishukunyiswa kaninzi, kwaye isizathu, esona sininzi, sasifuna ukufumana umsebenzi omhle ukuze unondle abantwana bakhe. Xa uneminyaka engama-5 ubudala, le nkwenkwe ithanda kuqala i-chess, icela uyise ukuba amfundise indlela yokudlala ngayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uyavuya ngokuqaphela uqeqesho, kwaye emva kwesoxa uyise naye ungumdlali onelungelo lokutshatshaza kunye nelinye ilungu leqela le-chess - unquma ukuthatha unyana wakhe kunye naye kwiqela ukuba achaze ngokucacileyo ubuqili bomdlalo. Kulo klabhu, inkwenkwe ivusela ubuchule obukhulu. Umqeqeshi wakhe wokuqala nguBruce Pandolfini, indoda eyayilungisa amanyathelo okuqala kaFabiano kwaye yamyala ngendlela eya kwihlabathi le-chess. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-12 umqeqeshi watshintshwa-ngoku ke umkhulu-mkhulu uMiron Sher wathatha umfundi onetalente. Ukuqwalaselwa okunjalo kwabafundisi abanolwazi abanomsebenzi uye wenza umsebenzi wakhe: UCarana uya kwintambo ye-chess eNew York kwaye uyinqoba apho. Olu luyiso lokuqala, njengalolu hlobo, lulandelwa ngabanye: ukunqoba kumanqabana asePan-Amerika, kunye nokuphumelela kwakhe okukhulu ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe - ukunqoba kumdlalo kunye no-grandmaster Alexander Voitkevich.

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, umama waseSpain wayekade ephupha ukuthabatha abantwana kwilizwe lakhe, kwaye ngo-2004 waphumelela: intsapho yonke yafudukela eSpain. Ngoku isizathu sokuhamba sasingeyona imali, kodwa ikamva lelungu lentsapho elinetalente - iSpeyin sele ithathwa njengesixeko esihle kakhulu ukuqala umsebenzi we-chess.

Kulo lizwe, uFabiano Keruana unomqeqeshi omtsha - uBoris Zlotnik, oya kufundisa i-chess iminyaka emithathu. Kamva intsapho yaseCaru iya kutshintsha indawo yokuhlala kuyo - eHungary umdlali we-chess osele phantsi koqeqesho lomqeqeshi waseRashiya u-Alexander Chernin, oza kubeka i-final touches ekulungiseleleni uFabiano phambi kwesiganeko esibaluleke kakhulu sakhe esincinci ngeli xesha lobomi.

Kwiinyanga ezili-14 kunye ne-11, umdlali we-chess uFabiano Caruana uba ngumlingana omncinane kunazo zonke ehlabathini. Emva koko, yonke into ebomini yenkwenkwe iyancitshiswa kuba yinto-ngoku ukwenzela ukuba idlulise ixesha elide ekuqeqesheni ngokugcwele, uCarana uya kufuneka aphume esikolweni kunye nezinye iingxaki ezingahambelani ne-chess.
Ukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa umfana kwihlabathi le-chess, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuya kuthatha imali-mali enkulu, ubuncinci ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe ukuya kubuncampiswano, kuba abazali bakaCaruana bafumana unyana wabo onomncedisi onetalente. Ukususela ngoku, iindleko zohambo lweFabiano Caruana kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yezemidlalo kumncintiswano, ebiza ixabiso elijikelezayo-malunga nama-dollar ayi-50 ngonyaka.

Ukuphumelela kwihlabathi le-chess

Iminyaka eyongezelelekileyo ukuya kutsho njengamanje ibe yindlela ede kwaye inzima kaFabiano endleleni eya ekuqaphelisweni kwehlabathi kunye nokuqonda ngokugcwele ngokwamandla abo. Ngomhla we-2014, umdlali omncinci we-chess, uqokelele kwiminyaka yokuqeqeshelwa ngamava anentshiseko, wabeka enye irekhodi yehlabathi - wagqiba okwesithathu kwi-Elo rating, ephethe amanqaku angama-2836. Impumelelo enjalo yafika kumfana emva kokudlala ngokumangalisayo eSt. Louis. Kwiindidi ezingama-23 kule sixeko, wabonisa enye yeziphumo ezilungileyo, ukufumana ama-8.5 amanqaku angama-10.

Kwakhona, uFabiano wamangalisa wonke umntu ngokudlala "ii-veteran" ze-chess njengoNakamura, uCarsen noAroyan. Kwaye into eyimangalisa kukuba emva kwemidlalo enzulu, uKarana yena akazange abonakalise ukuvavanya ngokulahlekelwa ngumfundisi oyingqungquthela kwaye akazange aneliseke nguye. Ngokwemvelo, umntu ozolile kwaye ogcinekile, uthe kuphela ukuba unako ukukhula kunye nokuba kusekuqaleni ukuyeka.

Ukulungelelanisa ezininzi iikhenketho

Njengabagijimi abaninzi, abadlali be chess baneendlela zabo zokulungiselela lo mdlalo okanye umdlalo obalulekileyo. UFabiano Caruana, olwazi lwakhe luqulethe ngokupheleleyo olo lungiselelo, ukholelwa ukuba umgaqo obaluleke kakhulu wokuqeqesha phambi komdlalo onentsingiselo awuyi kuphazamisa ingqondo yakho, kodwa uyigcine ngezwi. Kuwuphi na umdlali wee chess, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi isikhundla okanye isihloko, iimpawu eziphambili kufuneka zibe yinkxalabo, ingqalelo kunye nokuthintela.
Umqeqeshi weCarana, uVladimir Chuchelov, wade wathi uFabiano ukulungelelwa kobuqhankqalaza akuzange kuphele ixesha elide licinga, ligwebe ngemidlalo yakhe. Nangona uqeqesho olutshanje, wayehlala ephuma ngamandla.

Abachasi kakhulu

Ukukhankanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakuyikhono elimangalisayo likaCaru ekutshatyalalisweni kobuchule bokungabikho kwemvume yabadlali abaninzi beengcali ze-chess. Kwimfazwe rhoqo kunye noKarsen, Nakamura, loo mfana uziva enesiqiniseko nangona isiphumo somdlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unethamsanqa ngabadlali abaqinileyo nabasele baziwayo, ngoko kunye neetalente ezintsha wayenomdla wokhuphiswano.

Ngomdlalo kunye no-Anish Giri, umdlali onamandla oDatshi waseFrench, uFabiano azizwa engasuki. Bobabini oomkhulu abaselula bawabala nzima kwada kwaphela. Ngenxa yoko, kwiqela likaGiri Anish: UCarana Fabiano umphumo wabonisa ukuba lo mva usenokuba nolwazi oluninzi kunomnye ongumNtlamanisi oselula. Uloyiso lwalusezandleni zikaFabiano.

Iqela likaSergei Karyakin laba lilungu elifanayo kumfana: uFabiano Caruana. Umdlali weRussia Chess uSergei Karyakin, indoda yangena kwi-Guinness Book of Records njengowona mkhulu kunabo bonke ehlabathini, yahlangana noFabiano kwi-Tournament yabadlali. Njengoko imidlalo emininzi ibonisile, umphumo osisigxina kukunqoba komnye wabantu abatsha. Ukuqwalasela ukubaluleka kweemidlalo ezidlalwayo, ngoko ke zombini unamaphuzu angama-7, oko kuthetha ukuba abadlali beeteksi baya kukhuphisana ithuba lokuba bathathe isihloko soMdlali weHlabathi kwiKarlsen ekupheleni. Umqhudelwano we-2016 wokubambisana uya kugqiba ufanelekile kwaye mhlawumbi uya kuba yiphepha lekhasi eliqaqambileyo ebomini lomnqoli.

Ubomi bomntu

Ngokuphathelele ubudlelwane bomntu kunye nomntu, umdlali we-American chess uhlala ehleka ngeekhamera kwaye ebhekane nabathengisi. Umntu osebenza ngokwenene kwizinto zakhe ezizithandayo, uCarana uyaphendula ukuba i-chess isasaqala kuqala ebomini bakhe. Ngaba kuya kuhlala kunjalo, kunokubonisa kuphela ixesha. Kodwa ngelixa, engenayo intombazana kunye nobunzima obunzima, uhlaziyi kunye nencasa yemvelo, insizwa ivulekile ukuthetha rhoqo kunye nayo yonke into.

Amabhaso, izihloko kunye nempumelelo

Ngomsebenzi wakhe, uFabiano waba ngumbini wecala leSpeyin, kunye neqhawe leedolophu ezininzi, njengoZurich noReykjavik. Emva kokuphumelela umdlalo kwi-classical chess kunye ne-champion yehlabathi, uGaruana ngokuzenzekelayo waba yilungu leqela likaMikhail Chigorin ngo-2013.

Ukuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo kwiGrand Prix, umdlali omncinci we-chess ufumene indlela eya kumqhubi omkhulu, umvuzo obizwa ngokuba ngumdlali we-World Champion. Kulo mqhudelwano uza kufuneka alwe neengcamango ezininzi, kwaye lowo ophumeleleyo uya kuba nelungelo lokulwa neMagnus Carlsen, uMdlali weHlabathi weHlabathi, kwi-Tournament yabafakizicelo.

Imisebenzi yangoku

Ngoku uFabiano ubandakanyeka ngokubanzi kwimincintiswano yamanye amazwe. Amandla akhe ayamangalisa, kwaye umdlali osemncinci we-chess, okwangoku, ufumana amava kunye namandla kwi-tournament esinqabileyo ngo-2016.

Mhlawumbi, ekwindla konyaka ukuba isigqibo sakhe siza kugqitywa njengomnye wabadlali abaqinileyo be-chess kwimbali.