Sekunjalo-ubomi kunye needelsel: inkcazo ye teknoloji, iimpawu

Amaxesha amaninzi ama-artists abahluleli abakwazi ukugqiba kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetho luphakathi kwe-watercolor kunye neoli. Nangona kunjalo, kukho elinye iqela lezinto zobugcisa - "ithambile". Iquka i-pastel. Le nto ifumaneka kwaye ilula ukuyisebenzisa.

Imidwebo nge pastel

Sekunjalo ubomi bubuninzi bobugcisa, bobabini kwimifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso. Kule meko, ukhetho kunye nendawo yazo zonke izinto aziqulwanga ngolu hlobo, kodwa ngobunjalo ngokwalo kunye neemfuno zalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obudlulileyo kunye no-pastel akudingeki ukuba udlulise into engokoqobo, kuba oku kukho iifoto. Umculi unako kwaye unelungelo kwizinto zakhe zengcamango kunye nomfanekiso wasemqoka wezinto, ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwe, efana nephupha. Inkosi yakha isitshixo, izama ukufumana ukudibanisa kwimifanekiso yakhe.

Imbali yabadluli

Imbali yeedelesi iqala ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka. Le nto ichazwe kwiincwadi zikaLeonardo da Vinci. Nangona kunjalo, igama lesiFrentshi ngokwalo laqalisa ukusebenzisa ixesha elide - phakathi kwekhulu le-17. NgesiLatini kuthetha "ukunamathisela". I-shades elula ifunyenwe ngokugaya i-pigments ecocekileyo nge-chaki. Kwavela apha ukuba igama elidumile "pastel" liye.

Le ncwadana yayisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngabaculi be-Renaissance kunye nabameli bexesha elitsha (Engr, uJohn Russell nabanye abaninzi). Kamva ubu buchule buya kuthiwa buvelele phakathi kwee-Impressionists. U-Pastel wabhala uPeter Bonnard, uEdgar Degas nabanye abaninzi.

Yintoni i-pastel yokudweba?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeekrayoni ze-pastel:

• Oily. Zikhethele ngakumbi ukuba unamakhono athile, kuba ukulungiswa sele sele kutyalwe kuyinkathazo ngokwaneleyo.
• Iikhrayoni ezomileyo yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuqala abaculi. Kulula ukuthungca, ukucima nokugqithisa ngomnye umbala. Ngosizo lwale ngcaciso, abaqalayo bafumana iindawo ezintle zokuphila ezise-pastel ezineziqhamo.
• Imibala ye-Wax ibeka uluhlu oluhle olusisigxina, kodwa akulula ukusebenza nabo, kuba abayibumthunzi.

Ukudibanisa iintlobo ezininzi zokulinganisa komsebenzi omnye akuvunyelwanga. Kwabaqalayo, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, kukulungele ukhetho lwamakhelekhi ase pastel.

Ekusebenzeni, kufuneka uphathe ngokucophelela iphethini ephelileyo kunye nechoko ngokwayo. Pastel eyomileyo iphelele kwimidwebo, imidwebo esheshayo okanye iimveliso ezide. Ngenxa yazo zonke iipropati zayo, iikiti ezinomileyo zinkulu kubalandeli beentetho kunye neengcamango ezininzi ezibuhlungu.

Impendulo yodwa yolu xwebhu kukuba idinga iimeko ezizodwa zokugcina zemisebenzi egqityiweyo. Kukho imigaqo yokuba ngamnye umculi kufuneka agcine:

1. Ukuze ubomi obusayi kuqhutyelwa kwixesha, kufuneka luvulwe ngokucwangcisa okukhethekileyo.
2. Imifanekiso kufuneka ikhuselwe kwilanga.
3. Imisebenzi eqediweyo igcinwe kwifolda eyahlukileyo, ibeka iphepha lokulandelela phakathi kwabo.

Izinto ezifunekayo kunye nezixhobo

I-Easel

Ngaphambi kokudala i-life-life with pastels, iphepha kufuneka libekwe ngokuzenzekelayo okanye lithe tye. Kule meko ukuba kukulungele ukudlulisa imida esuka kwendalo kwaye ukuvavanya umfanekiso wonke. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ufumane ipilisi okanye i-easel, ongayithemba emva kwesihlalo okanye itafile.

Iphepha

Ukubonisa ubuchule obuninzi bee-pastel chalks kuphela kunokusebenzisa iphepha elilodwa elenziwe ngetoni. Ngaphezu koko, kwiivenkile ezizodwa kuyakufaneleka ukuthenga i-albhamu ekhethekileyo apho kukho iphepha leminye imibala, phakathi kweemakhishithi ezibekwe ukulandelela amaphepha amaphepha.

Iiprayons

I-Pastel yoMgangatho ayiyi kuba yinto encinci. Kodwa ngokusetyenziswa kweengcamango zesethi enye kuya kukwanela ixesha elide. Kule meko, ungaxosho inani elikhulu lemibala: 12-14 iza kukwanela.

Ukuzikhethela izinto ezifanelekileyo, kufuneka uqaphele indlela ewela ngayo ephepheni (uluhlu lufanele luveze, ngeli phepha akufanele lihlale lincinci elincinci).

Sponges kunye neeBhusi

Unokusebenzisa iibrashi okanye i-sponge emsebenzini-konke kuxhomekeke kwizinto ozikhethayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwisigaba sokuqala kubalulekile ukusebenza kunye neminwe yakho. Ndiyabulela kule nqubo kuya kukwazi ukufumana indlela engcono yokujonga ngayo izinto kunye nokuqonda indlela engcono ngayo ukufezekisa le nto okanye loo mpawu.

Umlenze

I-still-lifes epapashwe ngu-pastel kufuneka ivule nge-lacquer ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekungabikho kwayo, enye i-hair spray. I-sprayer ifakwe kumgama malunga no-30-40 cm ukusuka kwipayipi.

Iinkalo zobugcisa

Into efunekayo ukuba ukwazi ukwenza kuloo msebenzi kukuba ukubona imibala. Ukudweba kwendalo, umntu kufuneka aqonde indlela ezinye izinto eziphonsa ngayo izithunzi. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-shades eyahlukeneyo, kwaye ungayifaki yinto engafanelekanga yinto ukusuka komnye umgca ukuya komnye umbala.

Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisikhokelo sokubetha. Bayibekwa ngokungahambisani, kodwa ngendlela yohlobo. Ngoko zonke izakhi zikhulu kakhulu. Imimandla emikhulu yombala ofanayo ilungelelaniswa kakuhle, ibeka iikrayoni zeplati.

Njalo sebenze umzobo ngokulinganayo. Musa ukuthatha umfanekiso wesiphi na into. Okokuqala, qalela zonke iindawo ezikhanyayo, ngoko-konke okubumnyama, ekugqibeleni ukugqamisa ukukhanya kunye neentshukumo ezisebenzayo.

Iinjongo ze-pastels ezomileyo ekusebenzeni kwezinto eziqhubekayo zokuphila

I-pastel eyomileyo idla ngokuveliswa ngeepencilisi ezikhethekileyo okanye iikrayoni. Ikuvumela ukuba udale imivimbo enokwaneleyo. Sekunjalo ubomi kunye ne-pastel eyomileyo ifumaneka ngesakhiwo esihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, imibala inokukhawuleza imthunzi okanye ihlanjululwe ngamanye ama-shades.

Isaphila nge-pastel yeoli

I-pastel yamafutha ikuvumela ukuba ufezekise imibala eqaqambileyo kunye namazwi. Le nto ibonakala ngokuthi "ithambile" yayo, yinto encinci "yhirnovat." Kulula kakhulu kwaye kunomdla ukusebenzela kubo, kodwa unokuthi uthathe ukukhutshwa ngokulibala ngokuma kwezinto kunye nomthamo wazo. Ngako oko, qhelana ne-pastel yeoli emva kokuba ufumene iikhrayoni ezomileyo.

Sekunjalo ubomi kunye needelsels kwizigaba

Ukubonisa Ubomi

Nawuphi na umsebenzi uqala ukudweba ngathi ukuba zonke izinto zibala. Le ndlela izakunceda ukufumana ingcamango yombalo wento nganye kunye nendawo yawo ngokumalunga nomnye.

Ngaphezu koko, kulungile ukusebenzisa imigca eyongezelelekileyo kunye nemigca, eya kukunceda ukubonisa izinto eziqhelekileyo zemilo eqhelekileyo.

Ukusebenzisa imibala kunye neetoni

Eli nqanaba lomsebenzi liquka ukukhangela imvelaphi. Ngokwenza oku, udinga ukunciphisa ukuthungwa kwe-pastel kunye nokudibanisa imibala, ukwenza ukuba utshintsho lube lula. Ngenxa yale njongo, sebenzisa intsimbi okanye intsiba.

Yaye nangona ubomi buqala ukusondela kwizinto ezikufuphi, kodwa le nkqubo ingaqala ukususela ekupheleni. Oku kuphucula ukuchaneka nobukhali bomsebenzi. Xa umela izinto kwimvelaphi egciniweyo, unako ukuphepha izikhala phakathi kwemvelaphi kunye nento.

Ukusebenza kwizinto ezincinci

Emva kokuba imvelaphi kunye nezinto eziphambili ziye zapakishwa, kufuneka uqhubeke nokusebenza ngezinto eziziisekondari. Akumelwe sikhohlwe malunga ne-white glare kunye ne-smoothing of texture rough ngokuncediswa kwengubo kunye nokucwenga. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise umbala, kufuneka uchaze imimandla yemithunzi kwizinto nganye.

Ukulungiswa kombala

Xa yonke imibala, imibala, izithunzi kunye ne-glare iya kulungeleka, kufuneka usebenze ngokwahlukeneyo kumlinganiselo ohambelana nemibala kunye nokuphambana - ngale ndlela uza kukwazi ukwandisa ukucaciswa kwengcamango yobomi. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokunyusa ukuhluka kweetoni kunye nezinto eziphambili. Zonke izinto kufuneka zibe kumgangatho ofanayo.

Isigaba sokugqibela

Ukugqiba ubomi obusoloko kunye needelsel, kufuneka ukwandise ukuhlukana kweetoni kwizifundo ezilula. Oku kunokwenziwa ngoncedo lobumnyama obunzima kunye nezithunzi ezikuzo zinto.

Ukudala indawo ezinobumnyama, ungasebenzisa zonke iintlobo ze-shades zobomvu, obomvu, obomdaka kunye nobumnyama obumnyama. Ngelixa iincinci ezincinci zemhlophe zisetyenziselwa ukudala izinto ezintle.

Ukongeza, kwinqanaba lokugqibela kufuneka usebenzise umbala omnyama, ngoncedo lwayo unokuyomeleza indawo ezinzima. Umbala omnyama usetyenziswe kwisigaba sokugqibela ngenxa yokuba ihlala ilinqoba ukukhanya kunye nokutsha kwamanye ama-shadow.

Ukudala ubomi obusasazo kunye nabadluli be-pastels, ukuqalisa abaculi bahlala benza impazamo: bayathandabulela ukuhluka kwee-shades. Oku kuyiphumo lokuxuba imibala emininzi. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, umehluko phakathi kwamathoni okukhanya kunye omnyama ukwanda ngaphambi kokudibanisa. Ngenxa yolu buchule, ukulahleka kokuchasana emva kokuxuba kuxhaswa.

Indlela yokugcina okanye ukuhambisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo

Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ungagcinwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba loo mfanekiso awuyi ndawo, ke kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iphepha elilahlayo kwaye ulobe umzobo kulo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba zonke iipayipi zepende kunye nezibopho zisezantsi kwicala.

Ukuba kukho umnqweno wokubeka umsebenzi ogqityiweyo phantsi kweglasi, ngoko akulula ukwenza njengeminye imifanekiso. Okokuqala, umsebenzi uphelelwe kwisakhelo. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba umfanekiso awukwazi ukutyunjwa ngeminwe. Ukongezelela, isakhelo kunye neglasi ziza kusindisa umsebenzi ukuba ungabikho kwi-pastel.

Pastel yinto efanelekileyo. Zonke iingxaki zekhono zinokufihla lula ngokuncedisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo. Wonke umculi we-novice angayifumana kalula indlela yakhe ekhethekileyo kunye nendlela yomfanekiso wezinto, ukudala ubomi obusasazo. Imidwebo ye-pastel ifanelana ngokupheleleyo naluphi na ngaphakathi.